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Description  |
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The invention relates to a printing cylinder appropriate for letterpress,
flexography, rotogravure, and rotary offset, with a roller, a tensioning
mechanism with a narrowed tensioning channel, and a rubber coating, the
outer layer of which is cut back at the ends of the channel to the extent
that the remaining ends can be inserted into the tensioning mechanism in
such a way that no tensioning-channel opening is visible on the surface of
the rubber in the tensioned state.
Various types of cylinder employed for different purposes in letterpress,
flexography, rotogravure, and rotary offset are coated with rubber to
provide resilience and transfer ink. The function of the rubber coating on
the rubber-blanket cylinders employed in rotary offset is to transfer ink.
A device called a rubber cylinder is employed in indirect rotogravure. The
coating on the counterpressure cylinder employed in letterpress and
flexography consists of rubber positioned over the material being printed.
Finally, flexography also employs rubber-coated block-form cylinders and,
flexographic rollers completely covered with rubber to transfer the ink.
In accordance with their various functions, the rubber coatings must be
able to resist pressure, include strength-providing supports that adhere
adequately to the layer of rubber, be long-lasting and easy to replace,
and be dimensionally stable and uniformly thick. The rubber coatings can
be secured to the cylinders with layers of adhesive, which, however, leads
to unsatisfactory results. A better but still not optimal solution to the
problem of securing the rubber coating involves mechanical fastening
systems in what is called the cylinder's tensioning channel.
Measures must be adopted to reduce or suppress vibrations of the printing
cylinders in the vicinities of the entrance to and exit from the channel
because the pressure force between the cylinders briefly lengthens the
radius, commencing with the reversible release of tension on the rubber
blanket. The resulting brief change in the pressure force produces a
channel beat or engagement impact, as the rubber counterblanket or
printing cylinder ascends again, that results in vibrations in the
printing system. When the rubber blanket has been tensioned, a gap will be
left in this situation between the sections of the blanket at the edges of
the cylinder pits. These processes have a negative effect on printing.
European Pat. Application 0 194 618 (Application No. 86 103 093.3, filed
Mar. 7, 1986) describes the aforesaid bending dynamics of two printing
cylinders during overflow of the tensioning channels with special
reference to rotary-offset presses. The inventor proposes redesigning the
rubber-blanket or printing cylinder by elevating the axial edges of the
tensioning channels above the surface of the cylinder as a means of
extensively decreasing the channel beat or engagement impact that occurs
while the tensioning channels are being rolled over. The elevated edges of
the tensioning channel are embodied in tangential lengths of structural
section.
The problem of channel beat or engagement impact is addressed in German OS
3 437 309.8 by redesigning the stiffening strips at the front and rear
edges of the blanket on a rubber-blanket cylinder.
Finally, German OS 3 540 581 A1 proposes inserting a filler in the cylinder
pit.
In spite of the complexity of their designs, the aforesaid approaches solve
the problem only to some extent.
The object of the instant invention is accordingly to redesign the
conventional tensioning channel, with the rubber coating over it, that is,
to the extent that the overall radius, including the thickness of the
rubber coating, will remain constant, eliminating channel beat or
engagement impact. The tensioning system, however, is simultaneously to be
designed to maintain the mechanical stability of the cylinder as much as
possible and to prevent screws from twisting, so that the rubber coating
will be evenly tensioned over the whole surface.
This object is attained in accordance with the invention in that enough of
the ends of the outer layer of the rubber coating is removed and the
remaining inner layer is inserted far enough into the tensioning system to
ensure that no tensioning-channel opening will be visible on the surface
of the rubber. The cylinder will accordingly not lose contact with the
rubber coating along its total circumference as the tensioning channel
rolls over, and no fluctuations will occur when the cylinders meet after
the channel or the insertion slot has rolled over. The correction at the
ends of the rubber coating in accordance with the invention, in
conjunction with the tensioning mechanism in accordance with the
invention, makes it possible to provide a non-twisting tensioning system
for mechanically stable printing cylinders.
I. Printing cylinder for letterpress, flexography, rotogravure, and rotary
offset
The printing cylinder herein provided consists essentially of a roller, a
tubular tensioning channel, and a tubular tensioning mechanism, each with
insertion slots, covered with a sheet that, once the channel ends of the
rubber layer have been shortened, completely covers the roller in the
tensioned state. The overall supporting-layer rubber composition that is
conventionally employed as a printing coating is accordingly not secured
in the tensioning device, but only the main strength-providing support.
The mechanical stress in the vicinity of the tensioning channel,
especially where rubber impacts against rubber, is to a large extent
accommodated by the strength between the supporting layer and the layer of
rubber.
Since a rubber coating with high strength between the supporting layer and
the rubber layer and with high dimensional stability is employed for the
printing cylinder being claimed, the printing-technology properties of the
cylinder are improved even more.
Composite sheets comprising a supporting layer, preferably a sheet of
polyester such as polyethylene terephthalate, crosslinked on one or both
sides with at least one layer of NBR or another elastomer by means of
adhesion promoters that are in themselves known can be employed. These
composite sheets, which are manufactured subject to conventional
vulcanization conditions, are in one piece and have high dimensional
stability and strength due to the chemical bond between the different
components.
II. Printing cylinder for flexography
The printing cylinder in accordance with the invention, consisting of a
roller, a tensioning mechanism with a narrowed tensioning channel, and a
sheet applied as described is also appropriate for flexography.
The manufacture of flexography rollers is now very time-consuming and
expensive, and demands a large number of operations, whereby the core of
the roller is securely fixed to the elastomer coating. This means that,
when a new printing form is made ready, the core of the roller must be
cleaned and coated with adhesive and the elastomer plate must be rolled up
and bandaged. Subsequent to vulcanization, the bandages are unwrapped, the
surface of the elastomer is polished and provided with an image by laser
gravure (Technik des Flexodrucks, Coating Reference Books, 1986,
Coating-Verlag Thomas und Co., 9001 St. Gall, Switzerland).
The new type of printing element makes it possible to replace the elastomer
coating very rapidly. It is even conceivable to make so without replacing
the printing roller. This will be possible if the image is separately
laser-engraved and the elastomer printing-form component is mounted on a
printing roller installed in the press on the core. Prerequisite to this
approach is identity of the dimensions and mechanical behavior of the
cylinder in the laser-engraving device with that in the press.
The surface of the rubber coating can also be provided with a known type of
relief as occurs in what are called automated block-making devices as the
result of compression and vulcanization. The aforesaid printing cylinder
will in this case be a printing-form cylinder.
When the printing cylinder is employed in rotary offset, letterpress,
rotogravure, and flexography, the seam at the edges of the elastomer plate
can be sealed with an adhesion promoter or appropriate adhesive.
The mechanical stability of a printing cylinder, which is reduced in
conventional embodiments by the built-in tensioning mechanisms and by the
creation of a recess for the tensioning channel, is retained in the
printing cylinder in accordance with the invention because the rotating
component of the tensioning device, the tensioning mechanism, completely
occupies, in conjunction with the tensioned-in supporting layer, the
tensioning channel and accordingly stabilizes the cylinder.
The rotating component, the tensioning mechanism, is shaped, dimensioned,
and mounted in the tensioning channel in such a way that it cannot twist.
This makes it possible to create mechanically stable, non-twisting
tensioning systems.
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying
drawings, wherein:
FIGS. 1 through 4 are sectional views illustrating four embodiments of
composite sheets that can be employed in printing cylinders for
letterpress, flexography, rotogravure, and rotary offset,
FIGS. 5, 6, 7a, 7b, and 7c are sectional views through a system comprising
a roller and sheet in accordance with the invention, and
FIGS. 8a to 8d are sectional views of the whole tensioning system into the
printing cylinder.
Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the four embodiments of
composite sheets that are shown in FIGS. 1 to 4 have an adhesive layer 2.
A supporting layer 1, preferably made of polyethylene terephthalate, can
be crosslinked for example on one side with a layer 3 of elastomer (FIG.
1) or on one or both sides with one or two layers 3 and 4 of elastomer
with different Shore-A hardnesses (FIG. 2).
The sheet can also be made of a supporting layer 1, two layers 3 and 4 of
elastomer, and an intermediate driven layer 5 (FIG. 3), or even a
waffle-patterned elastomer layer 4.
With regard to the printing cylinder of FIGS. 8a to 8d, the cylinder
illustrated in FIG. 8a has a round recess and a slot for the supporting
layer.
The tensioning mechanism illustrated in FIG. 8b is a tube with a slot of
the same size as the slot on cylinder and with a radius of the same length
as that of the recess in cylinder. The thickness of the tube is reduced to
the extent of approximately 500 .mu.m over 90.degree. of its
circumference.
The tensioning mechanism illustrated in FIG. 8c is inserted into cylinder.
Once slots and are positioned one on-top of the other, the ends of the
processed in accordance with the invention, are introduced and provided
with tensioning.
The tensioning mechanism 7 illustrated in FIG. 8d is rotated to tension
rubber coating 12, and tensioning mechanism 13 is secured.
The advantage of these printing cylinders is that no additional devices are
necessary to provide the elevations needed to prevent channel beat or
engagement impact.
The correction of the ends of the rubber coating in accordance with the
invention can be carried out simply (by planing, milling, or grinding) and
with the coating on the roller. The narrowing of the tensioning channel
makes it possible to create non-twisting tensioning mechanisms and hence
mechanically stable printing cylinders.
The printing cylinder can be employed in rotary offset (as a rubber-blanket
cylinder) in indirect rotogravure (as a rubber cylinder), in letterpress
or flexography (as a counterpressure cylinder), or in flexography (as a
printing-form cylinder or flexography roller).
The invention will now be further illustrated with reference to the
following examples.
EXAMPLE 1
A rubber coating as illustrated in FIG. 1 is employed to construct a
printing cylinder. The system of roller and sheet is as illustrated in
FIG. 5.
To prevent channel beat or engagement impact, the tensioning ends of the
upper layer (layer 3 of elastomer in the illustrated example) of the
rubber coating are removed, by planing, milling, or grinding for example,
until the still covered section precisely matches the circumference of the
cylinder and the planed, milled, or ground off ends are equal in length.
Layer 3 of elastomer is then further shortened on one or both sides until
the extension accounts for less than the tensioning force. The sheet is as
illustrated in FIG. 6.
The mass of layer 3 of elastomer above base point B dictates the extent to
which the overall radius is exceeded, meaning that the excess height
depends on angle .alpha.. If angle .alpha. is 90.degree. or more, there
will be no excess height, and in the last case, the object of the
invention will not be attained.
When, now, the sheet, shortened at the ends in accordance with the
invention as illustrated in FIG. 7, is inserted and the tensioning
mechanisms activated, the edges will be compressed together in such a way
as to produce a tangential convexity above the tensioning channel, with
the surface of the elastomer closed with the exception of the
pressure-application edge. This situation is illustrated in FIGS. 7a
through 7c. The correction necessitated by the expansion that occurs as
the rubber coating is tensioned can be carried out with the coating on, as
the tension increases, that is, layer by layer, with a plane, milling
machine, or scraper. Once the rubber coating has been tensioned, the
convex surface above the tensioning channel can be reduced to the level of
the overall radius with a radial plane, a radial milling machine, a radial
scraper, or a radial grinder and adjusted to more equal or less than the
radius, taking into account the tangential transition into the overall
radius into account.
Channel beat or engagement impact is accordingly eliminated.
The minimal channel width requisite to tension the ends of layer 3
remaining subsequent to abrasion depends on how thick the layer is.
When the single-sided covered rubber coating illustrated in FIG. 1 (Example
1) is employed with a supporting layer 1 250 .mu.m thick, with layer 3 of
elastomer completely abraded, and with an adhesive layer 2, the minimal
channel width will be generally 2 times the thickness of the supporting
layer =2 .times.x 250 .mu.m =500 .mu.m.
EXAMPLE 2
When a rubber coating that is 1.95 mm thick and coated on both sides with
elastomer layers of equal thickness is used with a supporting layer 0.250
mm thick, with a layer 3 of elastomer that has been completely abraded,
and with a adhesive layer 2, the minimal channel width calculates to
generally 2 times the thickness of the coating - 2 times the depth of
abrasion =2.times.1.95 mm-2.times.0.85 mm=2.2 mm.
Printing cylinders with rubber coatings corrected as described in
accordance with the invention secured to them can be employed for rotary
offset (as rubber-blanket cylinders), for letterpress and flexography (as
printing-form and counterpressure cylinders), and even for indirect
rotogravure (as rubber cylinders).
It is understood that the specification and examples are illustrative but
not limitative of the present invention and that other embodiments within
the spirit and scope of the invention will suggest themselves to those
skilled in the art.
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