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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates in general to paging systems and more particularly
to such systems with acknowledge-back capabilities. In the disclosed
system an arrangement is provided to aid the wearer or user as to whether,
following a first, automatic acknowledge-back response is made, a separate
and additional acknowledge-back signal is required and if so, when to send
it and when not to send it. The system also advises the originating caller
as to whether the intended message was successfully received or not.
Paging systems have progressed over the years in both frequency and extent
of usage as well as complexity. They have indeed become an indispensable
tool for business. In addition, many different types of paging receivers
have been developed. There are tone-only pagers, as well as tone and voice
and, of more recent vintage the display pager which is capable of
receiving data messages and displaying the same in appropriate
alphanumeric form. Moreover, the mechanisms for originating the paging
messages are likewise many and varied. A call may be made by voice using a
standard telephone unit, or such call may be made by a specialized paging
terminal or video display terminal.
All the foregoing different types of paging receivers may be intermixed in
a single system, or such system may be populated by only a single type of
paging receiver. In any event, for those receivers which are capable of an
acknowledge-back feature, there are steps in the procedure which may well
intend to confuse such user. For example, the user may not be confident as
to whether or not a separate manual response is expected. If so when to
press the acknowledge-back button is a further concern because it must be
effected within a predetermined time window.
From the originating call side, i.e., the base station site, as well as for
the originating caller, the question is, did the pager/user, upon being
addressed (called), receive such address and is he/she in a
position/condition to receive and understand the intended message to
follow. For example, the paging receiver may be sitting on a desk by
itself remote from the location of the person or user. In this case, the
pager itself, if turned on, is capable of receiving paging calls, but the
pager user is not, because he or she is at some other location. Similarly,
the paging receiver may be in a battery charger and likewise capable of
receiving and indicating an automatic acknowledge-back signal, but the
user is not in a position to receive the intended message. Further, the
pager may be on the person of the user and capable of momentarily
receiving a signal and responding with an automatic acknowledge-back
signal, but moments later having the propagation path degraded by a steel
beam in an office building or the like. Sending an intended message at
that particular juncture would mean the same would simply be lost.
Accordingly, it will be seen that notwithstanding a pager's capability of
automatically acknowledging back a response signal to a receive address
call, there is indeed a good deal of uncertainly and, in some cases,
confusion regarding the users responsibility, and the paging system with
such automatic acknowledge-back capability, in terms of what further
response is expected from him/her as well as what time it is to be
effected. Further, there is also some uncertainty at the central or
base-site location from where a page is transmitted and particularly with
respect to the originator of the call regarding whether or not the pager
user being called is ready and capable of receiving, or has received and
understood a particular transmitted message. Notwithstanding the fact that
an address was transmitted and received by the pager being called and an
automatic acknowledge-back signal being sent, the central
station/telephone caller originating the call needs to know that a
response has been effected by the pager user, whether it be an affirmative
or a negative response. An "affirmative acknowledge" response indicates
the user has received the message and has duly responded; a negative
response indicates confirmation is lacking.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a
closed-loop acknowledge-back paging arrangement and method which overcomes
the foregoing deficiencies.
A more particular object of the present invention is to provide a paging
system of the foregoing type wherein the pager user by way of an included
indicator may be advised and "walked through" an appropriate
acknowledge-back manual response procedure, both in terms of how to
respond and when to respond.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a paging system of
the foregoing type wherein positive feedback is utilized in the system to
minimize potential confusion for all particularized parties, such that the
pager user has received an intended message and responded affirmatively
and further, when such pager user responds negatively.
In practicing the invention, a paging system is provided wherein a
plurality of associated paging receivers have the capability of automatic
acknowledging-back and wherein such pagers are further provided with
visual and audible indicator means, along with a manual operating button
for a further manual acknowledge-back response. When the pager receives a
call (address), an automatic acknowledge-back signal is generated and
sent. Further, a time window is established during the interval of a
following message and a pre-determined time thereafter, such that manual
responding during such interval confirms receipt of such message, with the
same being relayed to the originating caller by the paging system, and
wherein failure to so respond during the interval indicates such message
was not received and/or understood, with such also being relayed to the
originating caller.
A method is provided for effecting such response and advising the pager
wearer if such manual response is required and, if so, when to operate an
associated manual pushbutton to send such response.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are
set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The invention itself,
however, together with further objects and advantages thereof may be best
understood by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of a paging system having automatic
acknowledge-back capability, which system has been constructed in
accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the system of FIG. 1 indicating
acknowledge-back capability between the base site apparatus and each of
the system pagers;
FIG. 3 is a partial graphic and block diagram of the paging terminal and
calling unit portion of the system of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a system pager showing both automatic and
manual ack-back capabilities and the means for effecting the same;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing the procedural steps for effecting the
ack-back responses from the pager-side for a tone and voice page;
FIG. 6 is a flow chart of a modification to the procedural steps of FIG. 5
for a very busy system in which a specific query signal is required for
ack-back manual response;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing the procedural steps for effecting the
required ack-back response from the system or base station side for a tone
and voice page; and
FIG. 8 is a flow chart of a modification to the procedural steps of FIG. 7
to provide for a specific query signal to be generated and sent for the
expected manual response.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Referring now to the drawings a paging system is shown in FIG. 8, which
system has been here constructed in accordance with the present invention
and includes the capability of automatic as well as manual acknowledge
back (ACK-BACK) signal response.
The system 10 may include a paging controller console or terminal 12 which
may receive incoming calls at a telephone input port 14 from, first, human
callers utilizing conventional or standard telephone handset 16 or,
secondly, from personal computers or video display terminals depicted at
18, or thirdly, from page entry terminals as shown at reference 20.
Console terminal 12 will process the paging request, extract the
appropriate address from internal memory and activate the paging
transmitter 22 to broadcast the intended paging call, and which in turn is
received by the appropriate system pager for processing the information
and alerting the paging receiver wearer or user. As will be understood,
the pagers of the system may be of tone only type, as depicted at 24a, a
tone and voice pager, as indicated at 24b or an alphanumeric display type,
as shown at 24c. As mentioned previously, the system 10 may comprise
different types of these referenced pagers intermixed within the system,
or it may be populated by only a particular type of pagers. But in any
event, each of these pagers within system 10 is equipped to respond with
an automatic ack-back signal upon being paged (addressed) by the central
base station or transmitter 22.
As well known, and as illustrated in FIG. 2, a terminal interface module 26
accepts incoming calls from a PABX or a public switch telephone network
(PSTN) shown in dotted line at 28, which in turn interfaces with a
standard telephone device 16, a personal computer or video display
terminal 18, and/or a page entry terminal (PET) 20. If the incoming call
is from a standard telephone unit, it is processed by the module interface
26 from an included DTMF decoder (not shown) connected to input port 14A.
If the incoming call is from a VDT 18 or PET 20 an internal modem in the
module interface effects the processing as indicated at inputs 14b and 14d
by the reference "M".
As best seen in FIG. 3, the terminal 12, in addition to one or more
interface modules 26, further includes a controller 32, a synthesizer 34,
a memory 36 and an acknowledge back decoder 38. With the exception of the
ack-back decoder 38, the other referenced component parts functioned to
essentially route the incoming paging request at a port 14 on the input
side to the transmitter control ports 30 on the output side. Controller 32
serves as the "brain" of the system and includes a microprocessor (not
specifically shown), while the synthesizer 34 generates the sometimes
required paging tones constituting the pagers address contained within
memory 36 along with other system parameters and relevant subscriber
information. The ack-back decoder 38 receives the various ack-back signals
from the systems pagers which are utilized to determine the degree of
confidence as to whether a particular paging message was received and
understood by the pager wearer, as will be described hereinafter. In any
event, terminal 12 along with transmitter 22 and associate antenna 23
constitute the base site or system side 13 of the paging system 10.
The pager-side 15 of system 10 comprises the paging receiver portion 50,
the included ack-back encoder 58 and associated antenna 54. A more
detailed representation of a system pager is shown in FIG. 4. In addition
to the foregoing, the overall pager unit 24 further includes an antenna
switch 56, a transmitter portion 52, a speaker 60, a display 62, if of the
numeric or alphanumeric type, and a latch 64 and manual button 66 coupled
to the ack-back encoder-controller 58b and a manual response indicator 68.
Indicator 68 may be an LCD segment or an LED displayed on the outer pager
housing. Additionally, it may also include an audible transducer normally
already a part of the pager unit.
In operation, incoming calls are accepted at the appropriate input ports 14
and are subsequently processed by the controller 32, which, say for
example, has a call from a standard telephone for a conventional tone and
voice page, generates the necessary tones for the intended pager as taken
from memory 36. These tones are outputted on the output control lines to
transmitter 22 and broadcast by the antenna 23. The address is received by
page antenna and is processed by the pager receiver portion 50. Upon being
decoded and recognized by address decoder 58a, an automatic ack-back
signal is generated and transmitted back to terminal 12 by pager
transmitter portion 52, which is received and processed by ack-back
decoder module 38. No action is required by the pager user for this
sequence of automatically responding and requires only that the pager 24
be turned on and receive the particular address signal.
Upon receipt and processing of the automatic ack-back response from pager
24 by terminal 12, the intended message may then be transmitted to pager
24 in like fashion. During the time for processing the message, and for a
predetermined period thereafter, which constitutes a response interval,
the pager wearer may activate manual pushbutton 66 to generate a further
and manual ack-back response. When received and processed at the
base-central site, it is indicative of the condition that the page message
was duly received and understood by the intended pager wearer.
Accordingly, the originating caller may be so advised by a pre-programmed
message stored in terminal 12.
Failure to receive the second, manual response during the referenced
response interval, by the terminal 12 following transmission of the
intended message, is indicative of the fact that the message for some
reason was not properly received and/or the response was obstructed from
transmission back to the central paging terminal. Again, the originating
caller may be so advised by pre-programmed stored message in terminal 12.
In the latter event, the caller may be queried as to whether he or she
wishes an immediate retry regarding the referenced page message, or wishes
to wait for some later time. In any case, the originating caller is
advised of the specific status of the paging call. Either it is received
and understood, or it is not.
As mentioned previously, a significant problem in paging systems with
ack-back capabilities is the user uncertainty as to whether a further
ack-back response, in addition to the first automatic response, is in
order, and, if so, when should such additional manual response be
effected.
In the paging system of the present arrangement, the pager wearer is guided
through the required procedure both as to whether a manual response is to
be made, and if so, when. This is shown more clearly by reference to the
flow chart of FIG. 5 representing the pager side of the ack-back signal
responses to be effected in the system 10.
As shown, the process or routine begins at step 70 followed by the receipt
of a pager address by pager 24 at step 72. Upon processing and recognition
by the pager 24, an automatic ack-back response is generated via the
receiver's encoder-controller module 58b at step 74. The controller
portion thereof effects the alert and routing of the audio to the pager
speaker 60 at step 76 and further turns "on" the manual response indicator
68. This advises the pager wearer that a further, manual ack-back action
on his or her part is required. If the pager wearer then activates push
button 66 so as to initiate a further (manual) ack-back response at step
78, the pager 24 then effects the transmission of a manual response of the
affirmative type at step 80. This response, as previously referenced, may
be made at any time during the time the intended message is being received
and processed by pager 24 and for some set pre-determined time thereafter.
Upon the pager wearer activating the pushbutton 66 during this interval,
to effect the intended response, the pager turns "off" the manual response
indicator, also in step 80, and ends the routine at step 82.
However, if the pager 24 fails to detect the activation of pushbutton 66,
it waits until the expiration of the response interval at step 84.
Thereupon it turns off the manual response indicator and transmits a
negative manual response at step 86, whereupon the routine may be
terminated at step 88.
From the base or central side, the routine begins at step 90, whereupon the
particular pager address is transmitted at step 92. The channel is then
monitored at step 94 for a given time during which an automatic ack-back
signal may be expected to be received at step 96 for the pager 24 being
paged. If the automatic ack-back signal is not received by terminal 12
within the time set in step 98, the terminal 12 determines that the pager
is not in service and so advises the caller by a pre-programmed message
stored therein as indicated in step 100, whereupon the routine is ended at
step 102.
If, however, the automatic ack-back response is received at step 96, the
intended message may then be transmitted at step 104. The channel is then
monitored for a pre-determined time at step 106. If the manual ack-back
response is not detected within the time period set in step 110, the
terminal 12 determines that "no response is received" (no affirmative, no
negative response) and so advises the originating caller, as indicated at
step 112, whereupon the routine is ended at step 114. As indicated, a
program may be set to resend the page if no response is initially received
in step 112.
Alternatively, if the second (manual) ack-back response is received by the
terminal 12 at step 108, the terminal further determines whether such
response is a response in the affirmative, see step 80 in FIG. 5, or a
negative response, as in step 86. If the manual ack-back response is in
the affirmative sense, terminal 12, by pre-programmed stored message,
advises the originating caller at step 118 that an affirmative message has
in fact been received. If the manual ack-back response is in the negative
sense, the originating caller is so advised at step 120 accordingly. In
either event, the routine is ended at step 122.
There is still one other aspect that needs to be considered for a paging
systems of this type. This is the matter of setting the response interval
for manually responding back. As previously described, this interval may
conveniently begin with the transmission and reception of the intended
message by the called pager and for a predetermined time thereafter.
However, in very busy systems, setting this interval routinely may result
in less efficiency than may otherwise be obtained.
As an alternative to this preset interval, the paging system, or more
accurately, the controller 32 of terminal 12, may effect a specific query
of a call pager for a manual ack-back response at a selected but not
pre-ordained time. This is reflected in FIG. 8 where, after transmitting
the intended voice message, following the receipt of the automatic
ack-back response in step 104 of FIG. 7, terminal 12 may then return to
paging still other pagers in the system as indicated at step 104a. At an
appropriate but variably selected time, terminal 12 may query a particular
system pager for the required manual ack-back response as indicated at
step 105. It is to be understood that the manual response interval may be
set independent of the query signal transmitted by the terminal 12, if so
desired. The pushbutton 66 may be activated during the set interval, but
the pager 24 simply notes such action. The actual manual ack-back response
is not sent by the pager until the query signal is received. When such
query signal is transmitted it is selected by the terminal 12. This query
signal may comprise the pager's address and certain additional information
which instructs the pager not to alert but only to activate the manual
response indicator 68 on pager 24. Terminal 12 then monitors the channel
for some pre-determined time, the same as in step 106 of FIG. 7, and the
routine then continues in the same manner as previously described.
At the pager side, the pager address is received and an automatic response
initiated at steps 72 and 74 as previously described in FIG. 5. At step
76, however, the pager alerts and routes the audio to the pager speaker,
and the manual indicator is activated at this time. At some time
subsequent, as indicated at step 76a, FIG. 6, a system query signal is
specifically transmitted and received by pager 24. As in step 78, FIG. 5,
the pager 24 determines whether or not the pager wearer has activated the
push button 66 or not. If yes, a response in the affirmative sense is
transmitted back at step 80, and if not, a response in the negative sense
is transmitted back at step 86, whereupon the routine may then be ended as
before at step 88.
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