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Description  |
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TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of toning the muscles underlying
the human face and nourishing them and the overlying facial tissues
through applied galvanic current and liquid solution of positively and
negatively charged particles.
BACKGROUND ART
The skin of the human being, for example, is the largest organ and
comprises about one-sixth of the total body weight. It protects the human
being from ultraviolet rays; from mechanical, chemical and thermal
injuries; from bacterial invasions and from dehydration and water
penetration.
The skin is also the largest sensory organ, and contains nerve endings for
touch, pain, pressure and temperature.
The three main layers of the skin comprise the epidermis, which is dry dead
skin, nonvascular; the dermis, which is flexible, elastic and vascular
tissue; and the subcutaneous, which is mostly fatty tissues.
The layers of the epidermis comprise the stratum corneum, which is a horny
layer, made up of flattened dead cells; the stratum lucidum, which is a
thin homogeneous layer; the stratum grandulosum which are granules
effecting keratinization; the stratum spinosum, which are cells in the
growing process; and the stratum germinativum, which is where new cells
are produced and is also the location of melanin, a dark pigment.
The layers of the dermis comprise the stratum papillare, which are small,
sensitive vascular papillare; and the stratum reticulare, which is the
connective tissue composed of collagen.
Nutrition to the skin is achieved by diffusion from the dermis to the
stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis. There are two methods of
diffusion: (1) diffusion of a liquid through a cell wall; and (2)
diffusion of molecules through cell wall pores. Any substance, such as
water, the molecules of which are smaller than the pores, can pass through
those pores. The factors that determine the rate of diffusion comprise:
(1) concentration gradient, i.e., from higher to lower concentration; (2)
pressure gradient, i.e., from higher to lower pressure; and electrical
gradient, i.e., ions are attracted or repelled by positive (+) or negative
(-) charges and thus, are caused to move across a membrane. The present
invention is concerned with the effects of the electrical gradient.
The human body is about one-half muscle and comprises three types of
muscles: (1) voluntary-striated, skeletal muscles; (2) involuntary-smooth
visceral muscles; and (3) intermediate-cardiac muscles. The present
invention is concerned only with the voluntary muscles.
Muscle cells, muscle fibers, grow by enlargement not by cell division. Once
a muscle fiber is destroyed it will not regenerate, however, surrounding
muscle fibers may enlarge and take over its function. A decrease in muscle
size due to lack of use is called "atrophy." If a muscle is re-inervated
within three to four months after loss of use, full function can usually
be restored, but after four months of disuse muscle fibers begin to die.
After about two years of disuse, usually no function can be restored to
muscles, and the muscle fibers become restricted by fat and fibrous
tissue.
Each muscle fiber contains thousands of myofibrils which run parallel with
the muscle fibers and are the contractile elements of the muscle fiber.
Each myofibril contains myosin (thick) and actin (thin) filaments which
actually cause the contraction. When an impulse for a contraction is
received, crossbridges located on the myosin filaments pull like oars
causing a creeping motion. Muscle response to an impulse is an "all or
nothing" response. Either the impulse is strong enough to cause a
contraction in a muscle fiber, or it is not strong enough. If the impulse
is strong enough, the contraction will be along the entire length of the
muscle fiber. The more muscle fibers that are excited, the stronger the
contraction will be.
Each muscle fiber has a neuromuscular function located at the middle of the
fiber. This is the point where the nerve fiber connects with the muscle
fiber, and therefore, is where a muscle fiber is best stimulated. The
purpose of the neuromuscular fiber is to amplify weak impulses so that
they are strong enough to cause a contraction. A motor point is a point of
excessive excitability. This would be a location where several
neuromuscular functions were found very close to each other.
Muscle fibers are individual entities, and can act independently of each
other or in conjunction with each other. Muscle fibers run the entire
length of the muscle, and are separated from each other by a connective
sheath called the endomysium. Muscle fibers are grouped into bundles
called fasciculi. These fasciculi are separated from each other by a
connective sheath called the perimysium. The fasciculi are grouped
together to form muscles. Each muscle is enveloped by a connective tissue
called the epimysium. Large blood vessels and nerves enter the muscle
through the epimysium, and then begin to divide and branch until they
supply every muscle fiber. Every muscle fiber has its own source of
nutrition and stimulation. All of the muscle fibers that are stimulated by
a single nerve fiber are called a "motor unit." Each motor unit contains
an average of 150 muscle fibers.
Muscle tone is the normal degree of tension in a muscle at rest, or the
resistance of a muscle to passive elongation or stretch. Muscle tone in
the human body is created and maintained by a steady discharge of motor
impulses from the brain and feedback from the spinal cord via muscle
spindles. The brain, via the central nervous system, sends steady impulses
to the muscle causing it to contract. Muscle spindles, which are
specialized fibers in the muscle, detect the contraction and send a
message to the spinal cord via the peripheral nervous system. The spinal
column sends another motor impulse back to the same muscle causing another
contraction. This is how tension is maintained in the muscle. As time
between the impulses from the brain increases due to age, sickness or
accident, the tension or tone in the muscle decreases. There are several
factors that can affect muscle tone (some increase it while others
decrease it). The following factors will reduce muscle tone: (1)
neurologic deficiencies, such as trauma, aging, diseases, and nutritional
deficiencies; (2) metabolic deficiencies, such as aging, nutritional
deficiencies, and poor circulation; (3) physical effects, such as trauma,
stress, environment and lifestyle; and (4) mental effects.
The following factors will increase muscle tone: (1) neurologic support,
such as remove interference, physiotherapy, nutrition, and
electroneurological stimulation; (2) metabolic support, such as increase
circulation by electrostimulation, exercise, nutrition, iontophoresis, and
massage; (3) physical support, such as electrotone and exercise tone; and
(4) mental support, such as education and positive habits.
The present invention concerns use of galvanic current to increase or
maintain muscle tone, and three ways that it accomplishes this is (1)
circulation, i.e., nutrition by increasing circulation, the muscles are
provided with the nutrients they need to maintain tonus; (2) contractions,
i.e., by exciting a nerve with electrical impulses to cause a muscle to
contract, the muscle may be tightened or relaxed and thus may be returned
to proper tonus; and (3) cerebral effect, i.e., by exciting the nerves of
the peripheral nervous system, this results in an imitation of neuro
impulses from the brain which create and maintain muscle tone, and via the
central nervous system to "remind" the brain to initiate more of those
impulses for a period of time.
Strong prolonged contractions in a muscle lead to fatigue because of
diminished circulation and metabolic process. Lactic acid is produced in
the muscle during activity. Initially, this lactic acid will cause an
increase in circulation, and nourishment to the muscle; but if the
activity continues, the circulation is not able to remove the lactic acid
and it builds up in the muscle interfering with circulation and
nourishment. When the muscle does not get nourishment that it needs, it
cannot perform the work and will fatigue. In the present invention fatigue
is beneficial because it relaxes the muscle.
There are four different types of muscle action. The type of action is
determined by the purpose of the movement; therefore, any skeletal muscle
can exhibit any of the actions under the right circumstances. These four
are: (1) prime mover, the action required to bring about the desired
movement; (2) antagonist action, the action opposite to the prime
movement, which is required to keep the prime movement smooth and
controlled; (3) fixation action, the action required to hold a body part
in a fixed position; and (4) synergist action, the action required if the
prime mover has an undesired action, it then acts as an antagonist
"emergency action."
As heretofore mentioned, this invention concerns only those muscles
involving the face and the tissues overlying those muscles. The muscles of
facial expression, therefore, are cutaneous lying in the subcutaneous
fascia rather than the deep fascia. These muscles attach directly into the
skin. Individual muscles seldom remain separate and distinct throughout
their length because they merge with neighboring muscles at their
attachments.
When a muscle movement occurs usually one end of the muscle stays fixed
while the other end moves. The origin of a muscle is its point of fixed
attachment. The insertion of a muscle is its point of movable attachment.
Iontophoresis concerns the concept of introducing various ions electrically
into tissues through intact skin. It has been used to introduce
medications by transporting chemicals across a membrane by using an
electric current as the driving force. Generally, a direct current passing
through an electrolytic solution causes ions, which are electrically
charged particles dissolved or suspended in solution, to migrate according
to their electric charge. Positive ions are repelled by a positive pole of
the current source and attracted by the negative pole, and negative ions
are repelled by the negative pole of the current source and attracted by
the positive pole. Passage of the current depends upon this ionic
migration, which is called "electrophoresis." Iontophoresis takes
advantage of the ionization state of a drug, for instance, to push charged
particles past biologic membranes. The charge on the particle is directly
related to the chemical nature of the surface of the particle. That nature
stems from the chemical reactions or ionization in which positively
charged hydrogen ions are distributed between the surface of the particle
and the liquid.
Electrical stimulation has been employed to cause contraction of muscles,
as in the use of cardiac pacemakers, the treatment of chronic pain, the
treatment of urinary and anal incontinence, as well as in other
therapeutic applications. Generally, and as heretofore more specifically
described, the electrical stimulation excites a nerve causing the
propagation of an impulse and thereby evoking a behavioral response in the
associated muscle, all in a manner well known.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, I provide a method of toning the
muscles and tissues of the human face by stimulating the motor nerves to
cause contraction of the muscles of the human face by use of a pair of
electrodes connected to a source of predetermined galvanic current and
operating at a predetermined frequency and predetermined polarity, and
continually moistening the tips of the electrodes with a liquid solution
of positively and negatively charged particles and pressing the moistened
tips against the skin of the human face at two different positions and
while pressed against the skin moving in a predetermined manner at least
one of the moistened tips relative to the other to a still different
position as the charged particles penetrate into the epidermis and dermis
of the human face.
The moistened tips of the electrodes in this method may be pressed firmly
against the skin in overlying relation to the middle of a muscle and then
the moistened tips ma be moved respectively and simultaneously along the
muscle toward the origin and the insertion of the muscle. In this method,
the frontalis, corrugator, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii
inferiores and mentalis muscles are caused to be stimulated into
contraction. Each of the moistened tips may be operated at a galvanic
current of about 300 to about 640 microamperes and at a frequency of about
30 to about 99 hertz, and alternating in polarity from positive to
negative for a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds for each of the
polarities.
One of the moistened tips of the electrodes in this method may be pressed
firmly against the skin at one position overlying one of the ends of a
muscle, and the other of the moistened tips may be pressed firmly against
the skin at another position at a predetermined location along the muscle
and then moving one of the moistened tips along the muscle toward the
other of the moistened tips and compressing therebetween a fold of skin
for a predetermined period of time, such as about three to about seven
seconds, and preferably four seconds. In this method, each of the
orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles are caused to
be stimulated into contraction. Each of the moistened tips may be operated
at galvanic current of about 100 to about 640 microamperes and at a
frequency of about 0.5 to about 20 hertz, and alternating in polarity from
positive to negative polarity for a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds
for each of the polarities.
In this method, one of the moistened tips may be pressed firmly against the
skin at one position overlying the insertion of a muscle and the other of
the moistened tips may be pressed firmly against the skin at another
position at a predetermined distance along the muscle from the insertion
of the muscle, and then moving each of the moistened tips along the muscle
toward the other of the moistened tips and compressing therebetween a fold
of skin for a predetermined period of time. In this method, each of the
temporalis, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris nasii,
zygomaticus minor, zygomaticus major, risorius, and platysma muscles are
caused to be stimulated into contractions. Each moistened tip may be
pressed firmly against the skin for about four to about eight seconds
before moving each of the moistened tips toward the other of the moistened
tips. The moistened tips may also compress therebetween a fold of skin for
about three to about seven seconds. Each of the moistened tips is operated
at a galvanic current of about 100 to about 640 microamperes and at a
frequency of about 0.5 to about 20 hertz, and alternating in polarity from
positive to negative polarity for a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds
for each of the polarities.
One of the moistened tips in this method may be pressed lightly against the
skin at one position and then moved in a linear path, and the other of the
moistened tips may be pressed lightly against the skin at another position
and closely adjacent to the first mentioned moistened tip and then moved
in short brushing movements on the skin back and forth across the
aforementioned linear path as the one moistened tip moves along that
linear path. Each of the moistened tips may be operated at a galvanic
current of about 300 to about 640 microamperes and at a frequency of about
90 to about 100 hertz. In this method, the steps of moving in a linear
path and making brushing movements are conducted respectively at positive
and negative polarities and then these steps are repeated to be conducted
respectively at negative and positive polarities. Each of the moistened
tips in this method may be pressed firmly against the skin at one of two
different positions across a wrinkle mark in the skin, and then a fold of
skin is compressed therebetween for a predetermined period of time. Such
predetermined period of time may be about three to about six seconds. Each
of the moistened tips may be operated at a galvanic current of about 100
to about 640 microamperes and at a frequency of about 0.5 to about 20
hertz, and alternating in polarity from positive to negative polarity for
a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds for each of the polarities.
In this method one of the moistened tips may be pressed lightly against the
skin at one position at about the center of one of the cheeks of the human
face, and beginning at the farthest location at another position on the
same side of the face where that cheek is located pressing the other of
the moistened tips lightly against the skin for a predetermined period of
time, such as about three to about seven seconds, at successive spaced
intervals in a decreasing spiral path around and toward the aforementioned
one of the moistened tips. Each of the moistened tips may be operated at a
galvanic current of about 300 to about 640 microamperes and at a frequency
of about 90 to about 100 hertz, and alternating in polarity from positive
to negative polarity for a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds for each
of the polarities.
One of the moistened tips in this method may be pressed firmly against the
skin at one of the two different positions and the other of the moistened
tips may be pressed firmly against the skin at the other of the two
different positions at a predetermined location from the aforementioned
one moistened tip, and then moving one of the moistened tips in a gliding
movement toward the other moistened tip and compressing therebetween a
fold of skin for a predetermined period of time, such as about three to
about seven seconds. Each of the moistened tips is operated at a galvanic
current of about 100 to about 640 microamperes and at a frequency of about
0.5 to about 20 hertz, and alternating in polarity from positive to
negative polarity for a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds for each of
the polarities.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The details of my invention will be described in connection with the
accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 is a view of the human face with
the hair and overlying tissues removed to reveal the underlying muscles of
at least one half of the face;
FIG. 2 is a view of a human face illustrating above one of the eyebrows
representative movements in that location of the moistened tips, with a
dot representing the initial positioning of a moistened tip of an
electrode and an arrow illustrating the direction of movement of each
moistened tip;
FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a muscle bundle with a dot representing a
moistened tip of an electrode and an arrow showing the direction of
movement of each moistened tip;
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes and the direction of
movements for the moistened tips;
FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes and the direction of
movements for the moistened tips;
FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating a different movement of
one moistened tip and a stationary positioning of the other moistened tip
as occur in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a fold of skin being compressed
between two moistened tips as occur in the views of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes and the direction of
movements for the moistened tips;
FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating a different movement of
each moistened tip toward the other as occur in FIG. 8;
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a fold of skin being compressed
between two moistened tips as occur in the views of FIG. 8 and FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes and the direction of
movement of one of the moistened tips and the stationary position of the
other of the moistened tips;
FIG. 12 is a schematic representation of a fold of skin being compressed
between two moistened tips as occur in the view of FIG. 11;
FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes;
FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of a fold of skin being compressed
between two moistened tips as would occur in the view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 2 except illustrating further different
initial positions of moistened tips of electrodes and the direction of
movement of one moistened tip relative to a fixed moistened tip as
represented by "x" at the middle of the cheek;
FIG. 16 is a schematic illustration of one moistened tip moving in a linear
path and the other moistened tip moving in a brushing movement across the
linear path as each moistened tip moves in its respective path closely
adjacent the other moistened tip;
FIG. 17 is a schematic illustration of an apparatus for providing a source
of galvanic current connected to a pair of electrodes; and
FIG. 18 is a view of a portion of one of the electrodes illustrated in FIG.
17 and showing a partially broken-away view of the tip of the electrode
and how a cotton-wrapped tip may be inserted therein.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
I have discovered through many experiments that certain movements over the
skin of the human face with galvanically connected tips (of electrodes) at
certain galvanic currents, frequencies, polarities and durations of
application, and the tips being continually moistened with a liquid
solution of positively and negatively charged particles, will result in
the relaxation of some muscles, in the strengthening and tightening of
other muscles, and in the nourishment of the muscles and the facial
tissues. The result is a method to affect the overall tone and appearance
of the human face.
In reference, therefore, to FIG. 1, a human face A is represented with the
hair and overlying facial tissues removed to illustrate the underlying
muscles controlling the expression of the face. The muscles illustrated
are frontalis 2, occipitalis 3, temporalis 4, auricularis anterior 5,
auricularis superior 6, auricularis posterior 7, orbicularis oculi
(voluntary) 8, orbicularis oculi (involuntary) 9, depressor supercilii 10,
corrugator 11, procerus 12, nasalis-compressor naris 13, levator labii
superioris nasii 14, levator labii superioris 15, zygomaticus minor 16,
zygomaticus major 17, risorius 18, platysma 19, orbicularis oris 20,
depressor anguli oris 21, depressor labii inferiores 22, mentalis 23, and
buccinator 24.
In reference to the remaining drawing figures, the method herein described
is preferably more effectively practiced if the face is appropriately
cleansed first. The skin needs to be cleansed to improve conductivity of
the galvanic current, absorption of the liquid solutions described herein
and to provide more sanitary conditions. Results of the facial toning
method are more easily seen without make-up, and the person being treated
by this method will become more relaxed. Make-up, for example, may be
removed by substances specially formulated for such purpose and without
drying the skin. Epidermabrasion solutions may be used to remove dead
surface cells and to prepare the skin for reception of other desired
substances. The cleansing steps may also include a hot towel steam
treatment which tends to open the pores and soften the tissues for better
reception of other desired liquid solutions for desired nutritional
effects and for increasing circulation. Oils and other impurities may be
removed which may still clog the pores but which have been softened by the
"steaming" treatment by use, for example, of witch hazel. The latter also
serves to act as an antiseptic in case any blemishes are opened.
Apparatus that may be used to apply the galvanic current discussed herein
may be a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator such as the
instrument, FaciaTek 2000, manufactured by the FaciaTek Corporation in
Bristol, Virginia. This apparatus is shown schematically in FIG. 17 at
100. This instrument may be adjusted for obtaining different currents,
different frequencies and different polarities. The duration of one or the
other polarity may be adjusted.
The instrument typically employs two electrodes 102, 104 which are
connected by conducting wires 106, 108 to apparatus 100 and a
cotton-wrapped tip 30, 32 may be inserted in the tip 110 of each electrode
until the cotton portion makes contact with the metal of the electrode, as
shown in FIG. 18. The cotton portions are dipped into the desired solution
to form moistened tips and are thereafter applied to the skin of the face
in the manner of the method described herein. The moistened tips must be
kept moist and thus are continually moistened.
In each of FIGS. 2 through 16, the dots 30 and 32 represent the initial
positions of moistened tips of the two electrodes, and the arrows 34
illustrate the path and extent of movement of one or both moistened tips
relative to a muscle 36 or to the skin of the face. If there is no arrow
leading from a dot (moistened tip), then this means that that particular
moistened tip remains fixed relative to the skin where initially
positioned. It also serves to represent a compression position on one side
of a fold 38 of skin that has been compressed between the two moistened
tips. FIGS. 7, 10, 12 and 14 illustrate the fold of skin compressed
between two moistened tips.
The method described herein involves certain predetermined movements of the
moistened tips of the electrodes while pressed against the skin so as to
relax certain muscles, strengthen and tighten other muscles and to nourish
in general the tissues overlying the muscles.
The amount of galvanic current and frequency is also important to the
method, as well as the duration of application and the polarity at which
each of the moistened tips of the electrodes is operated.
Tips 30, 32 may be pressed against the skin of the human face at two
different positions and at least one of the moistened tips is moved in a
predetermined manner relative to the other of the moistened tips to a
still different position.
Relaxation
For instance, in reference to FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 the moistened tips are
pressed firmly against the skin of face B and face C in overlying relation
to the middle of the muscle 36, and then the moistened tips are
respectively and simultaneously moved toward the opposite ends of the
muscle or toward the insertion and origin of a muscle. This movement
results in a relaxation and thus lengthening of the muscles so treated and
in a manner to be described. The actual length of the muscle being treated
may be such that its origin lies beyond the face as into the hairline,
whereas the insertion or movable end of that muscle will generally be
inserted in the face. Therefore, for purposes of this invention, when the
movement of the moistened tips is described herein as being "toward the
origin," this movement in some instances will not be carried out to the
actual origin but only "toward the origin." As will be appreciated, in
some cases a full length movement until the muscle origin is reached could
undesirably extend into the hairline of the head. The muscles affected, as
heretofore mentioned, are the frontalis, the result being to lessen or
smooth the forehead lines; the corrugator, the result being to lessen or
smooth concentration lines; the depressor anguli oris, the result being to
lessen the downward angle of the mouth; the depressor labii inferiores,
the result being to lessen or smooth chin lines; and the mentalis, the
result being to lessen or smooth chin lines.
The above-described muscles have over the years, depending upon the age of
the individual, become tightened and have caused wrinkles and lines in the
face, and a drooping of the corners of the mouth. The apparatus 100 for
providing the galvanic current is adjusted to produce a current of about
300 to about 640 microamperes at a high frequency of about 30 to about 99
hertz, and alternating in polarity from positive to negative polarity for
a duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds, with 2 seconds being preferred,
for each of the polarities, so as to cause a build-up of contractions in
the muscles without allowing any relaxation between the contractions. In
this manner these muscles become fatigued. The duration that the moistened
tips are applied to the skin is about 8 to about 12 seconds with 10
seconds being preferred. This length of time and the current and frequency
employed will usually not produce any discomfort in the average person and
after these muscles have become fatigued in the manner described, they
then become relaxed and hence lengthened upon removal of the moistened
tips from the skin. The moistened tips of the electrodes, as heretofore
described, actually serve to stimulate motor nerves, which in turn
generate the desired response of muscle contractions.
Each muscle should be worked for about 10 seconds, and the speed of
movement of a moistened tip should be about 1/4 inch per second.
Strengthening
In reference to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, one of the moistened tips 30 is pressed
firmly against the skin of the face D at one position and the other of the
moistened tips 32 is pressed firmly against the skin at another position
at a predetermined location along the muscle. Then one of the moistened
tips is moved along the muscle (i.e., over the surface of the skin
overlying that muscle) toward the other moistened tip and a fold
(preferably about one half inch) of skin 38 is compressed therebetween for
a predetermined period of time. Each of the moistened tips is operated at
a galvanic current of about 100 to about 640 microamperes, and at a
frequency of about 0.5 to about 20 hertz. The polarity for each moistened
tip is adjusted to alternate from positive to negative polarity for a
duration of about 1 to about 4 seconds for each of the polarities. The
duration of compression of the fold of skin may be about three to about
seven seconds, with four seconds being preferred. As compared to the
relaxation procedure above, it will be noted that the frequencies are
lower, because the muscles involved in these steps are being strengthened
and thus shortened. Any higher frequency would tend to cause undesirable
tetanization. The muscles affected are the orbicularis oculi, the results
being the reduction of sagging of the tissues over the eyes and puffiness
under the eyes, and to lessen or smooth energy lines; the orbicularis
oris, the result being to raise the angle of the mouth and smooth pursing
lines; and the buccinator, the result being to strengthen it in the
interest of overall facial tone since this muscle causes no wrinkling on
the human face.
The above-described muscles have over the years, depending upon the age of
the individual, become lengthened and have caused sagging of the tissues
overlying these muscles.
The speed of movement of a moistened tip should be about 1/2 inch per
second.
Tightening
In reference to FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, one of the moistened tips 30 is pressed
firmly against the skin of face E at a position overlying the insertion of
the muscle and the other of the moistened tips 32 is pressed firmly
against the skin at a position at a predetermined distance along the
muscle from the insertion of the muscle. Each of the moistened tips is
then moved along the muscle toward the other of the moistened tips causing
a fold of skin 38 to be compressed between the two moistened tips, the
compression lasting for a predetermined period of time. These steps tend
to tighten the muscles. The muscles affected are the temporalis, the
result being to lessen or smooth crows feet; the levator labii superioris
and levator labii superioris nasii, the result being to raise the angle of
the mouth and heighten the cheek area; the zygomaticus minor and
zygomaticus major, the results being to heighten the cheek area, lessen or
smooth the smile line, laugh line and cheek line, and to raise the angle
of the mouth; the risorius, the result being to lessen or smooth the smile
line, laugh line, cheek line and jaw line; and the platys | | |
