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Claims  |
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The inventors claim:
1. In a frame for supporting a roof having an underside on which condensate
tends to form, the combination comprising:
a normally upper elongate frame member having a normally upwardly opening
longitudinal condensate collection channel and adapted to be located below
and in supporting relation to said roof with said collection channel
disposed in condensate collecting relation to the underside of the roof
for collecting condensate running along the underside to the channel,
a normally lower elongate frame member located below and in supporting
relation to said upper frame member and having a normally upwardly opening
longitudinal condensate drainage channel, and
means for conducting condensate from said collection channel to said
drainage channel comprising a drain opening in said collection channel
through which condensate drains from said collection channel, and means
defining a drain passage having a normally upper end which receives
condensate from said collection channel through said drain opening and a
normally lower end through which condensate flows from said passage to
said drainage channel.
2. The combination according to claim 1, wherein:
said drain passage defining means comprises a structural member which is
secured to both frame members and rigidly joins the frame members into an
integral frame structure.
3. The combination according to claim 1, wherein:
said upper frame member has a normally upper longitudinal edge to be
disposed in supporting relation to said roof, a normally lower
longitudinal edge disposed in supporting relation to said lower frame
member, and a side surface extending between said edges,
said collection channel extends along said upper longitudinal edge of said
upper frame member, and
said drain passage defining means comprises a third member having a side
surface, means securing said third member to at least one of said frame
members with said side surface of said third member seating against said
side surface of said upper frame member, and an elongate channel-like
recess in one of said side surfaces opening laterally toward the other
side surface so as to form said drain passage between said side surfaces.
4. The combination according to claim 3, wherein:
said third member is a structural member which is secured to both frame
members and rigidly joins the frame members into an integral frame
structure.
5. The combination according to claim 3 wherein:
said side surface of said upper frame member faces in one lateral direction
of the upper member,
said collection channel is offset in said one lateral direction from said
side surface of said upper frame member,
the normally lower end of said drain passage opens to said drainage
channel, and
said condensate conducting means includes means for conducting condensate
from said drain opening to the upper end of said drain passage.
6. The combination according to claim 5 wherein:
each means for conducting condensate from said drain opening to the upper
end of said drain passage comprises a trough normally located below and
opening upwardly toward said drain opening and having a normally downward
slope toward the upper end of said drain passage.
7. The combination according to claim 5 wherein:
each means for conducting condensate from said drain opening to the upper
end of said drain passage comprises a trough on said third member normally
located below and opening upwardly toward said drain opening and having a
normally downward slope toward the upper end of said drain passage.
8. The combination according to claim 3 wherein:
said upper frame member comprises an elongate sheet channel member
including a web which has normally upper and lower longitudinal edges and
one side of which constitutes said side surface of said upper frame
member, and a flange along said upper web edge which projects laterally
beyond said one side of said latter web and forms said collecting channel
laterally beyond said side surface of said latter web,
said lower frame member comprises an elongate sheet metal channel member
including a normally upper web which has longitudinal edges and a normally
upwardly opening longitudinal recess between said upper web portion edges
forming said drainage channel, and depending flanges along said web edges,
and
said third member comprises a sheet metal barcket including a first bracket
portion which has normally upper and lower edges and one side of which
constitutes said side surface of said third member and contains said drain
passage defining recess with the latter recess extending between said
latter edges and opening endwise at one end toward said flange of said
upper frame support member and at its other end to said drainage channel,
and a second bracket portion which extends laterally from said upper edge
of said first bracket portion with a normally downward slope toward the
latter edge and forms a trough normally located below and opening upwardly
toward said drain opening of said collection channel, whereby condensate
may flow from said collection channel through said drain opening to said
trough, then along said trough to the normally upper end of said drain
passage, and then through said drain passage to said drainage channel.
9. The combination according to claim 8 wherein:
said bracket is secured to both channel members and rigidly joins said
channel members into an integral frame structure.
10. The combination according to claim 1 wherein:
said combination includes a plurality of said lower frame members disposed
in spaced parallel relation, a plurality of second frame members disposed
in spaced parallel relation along and extending transverse to said first
support members, whereby said upper and lower frame members cross one
another at a plurality of intersections spaced about said frame, and a
said condensate conducting means at at least certain of said intersections
for conducting condensate from the collection channel of the adjacent
upper frame member to the drainage channel of the adjacent lower frame
member.
11. The combination according to claim 9 wherein:
said combination includes a plurality of said lower frame members disposed
in spaced parallel relation, a plurality of second frame members disposed
in spaced parallel relation along and extending transverse to said first
support members, whereby said upper and lower frame members cross one
another at a plurality of intersections spaced about said frame, and a
said condensate conducting means at each of at least certain of said
intersections for conducting condensate from the collection channel of the
adjacent upper frame member to the drainage channel of the adjacent lower
frame member.
12. A roof structure comprising:
a roof which tends to collect condensate on its underside, and
a supporting frame below and supporting said roof comprising:
(a) a plurality of normal upper elongate frame members arranged in spaced,
generally parallel relation to one another and in supporting relation to
said roof, and each frame member containing a normally upwardly opening
longitudinal condensate collection channel opening toward and disposed in
condensate collecting relation to the underside of said roof such that
condensate running along said underside toward said channel tends to
collect in and flow longitudinally along said channel,
(b) a plurality of normally lower elongate frame members arranged in
spaced, generally parallel relation below and in supporting relation to
said upper frame members with said lower frame members spaced along and
extending transverse to said upper frame members, whereby said frame
members cross one another at intersections spaced about said supporting
frame,
(c) means adjacent at least certain of said intersections for conducting
condensate from said collection channel of the adjacent upper frame member
to said drainage channel of the adjacent lower frame member comprising a
drain opening in the respective collection channel through which
condensate drains from the collection channel, and means defining a drain
passage having an upper end which receives condensate from the respective
collection channel through said drain opening and a lower end through
which condensate flows from said passage to said drainage channel in the
adjacent lower frame member.
13. The roof structure according to claim 12, wherein:
each drain passage defining means comprises a structural member which is
secured to both adjacent frame members and rigidly joins the adjacent
frame members into an integral frame structure.
14. The roof structure according to claim 12, wherein:
each normally upper frame member has a normally upper longitudinal edge
disposed in supporting relation to said roof, a normally lower
longitudinal edge disposed in supporting relation to the adjacent lower
frame members, and a side surface extending between said edges,
said collection channel in each upper frame member extends along said upper
longitudinal edge of the respective upper member member, and
each drain passage defining means comprises a third member having a side
surface, means securing said third member to at least one of the adjacent
upper and lower frame members with said side surface of said third member
seating against said side surface of the adjacent upper member, and an
elongate channel-like recess in one of said side surfaces opening
laterally toward the other side surface so as to form said drain passage
between said side surfaces.
15. The roof structure according to claim 14, wherein:
each said third member is a structural member which is secured to both
adjacent upper and lower frame members and rigidly joins the adjacent
frame members into an integral frame structure.
16. The roof structure according to claim 14 wherein:
said side surface of each upper frame member faces in one lateral direction
of the respective upper member,
said collection channel in each upper frame member is offset in said one
lateral direction from said side surface of the respective upper member,
the normally lower end of each drain passage opens to said drainage channel
in the adjacent lower frame member, and
each condensate conducting means includes means for conducting condensate
from the adjacent drain opening to the upper end of the adjacent drain
passage.
17. The roof structure according to claim 16 wherein:
each means for conducting condensate from the adjacent drain opening to the
upper end of the adjacent drain passage comprises a trough normally
located below and opening upwardly toward the adjacent drain opening and
having a normally downward slope toward the upper end of the adjacent
drain passage.
18. The roof structure according to claim 16 wherein:
each means for conducting condensate from the adjacent drain opening to the
upper end of the adjacent drain passage comprises a trough on the adjacent
third member normally located below and opening upwardly toward the
adjacent drain opening and having a normally downward slope toward the
upper end of the adjacent drain passage.
19. The roof structure according to claim 14 wherein:
each lower frame member comprises a first elongate sheet metal channel
member including a normally upper web which has longitudinal edges and a
normally upwardly opening longitudinal recess between said upper web
portion edges forming the respective drainage channel, and depending
flanges along said web edges,
each upper frame member comprises a second elongate sheet metal channel
member including a web which has normally upper and lower longitudinal
edges and one side of which constitutes said side surface of the
respective upper frame member, and a flange along said upper web edge
which projects laterally beyond said one side of said latter web and forms
the respective collecting channel laterally beyond said side surface of
said latter web,
each third member comprises a sheet metal bracket including a first bracket
portion which has normally upper and lower edges and one side of which
constitutes said side surface of the respective third member and contains
the respective drain passage defining recess with the latter recess
extending between said latter edges and opening endwise at its upper end
toward said flange of the adjacent upper frame member and at its lower end
to said drainage channel in the adjacent lower frame member, and a second
bracket portion which extends laterally from said upper edge of said first
bracket portion with a normally downward slope toward the latter edge and
forms a trough normally located below and opening upwardly toward the
adjacent drain opening of the adjacent collection channel, whereby
condensate may flow from each collection channel through each
corresponding drain opening to the underlying trough, then along the
latter trough to the normally upper end of the adjacent drain passage, and
then through said drain passage to the respective drainage channel.
20. The roof structure according to claim 19 wherein:
each bracket is secured to both adjacent first and second channel members
and rigidly joins said adjacent channel members into an integral frame
structure.
21. For a roof structure of the character described:
a condensate conducting means having a side surface which has normally
upper and lower edges and faces in one direction of said condensate
conducting means, an elongate recess in said surface extending between and
having open ends at said edges and opening laterally in said one
direction, and a normally upwardly opening trough extending from said
upper edge in a direction opposite said one direction and with a normally
downward slope toward said upper edge.
22. A condensate conducting bracket for a roof support structure of the
character described comprising:
a first bracket portion having normally upper and lower edges, a side
surface at one side of said bracket portion extending between said edges,
and a longitudinal recess in said surface extending between said edges and
opening laterally and having open normally upper and lower ends at said
upper and lower edges, respectively, and
a second bracket portion joined to and extending from said upper edge of
said first bracket portion and laterally beyond the opposite side of said
first bracket portion and forming a normally upwardly opening trough
having a normally downward slope toward said upper edge.
23. A bracket according to claim 22, wherein:
said trough has a longitudinal groove along its bottom opening at one end
to the upper end of said recess. |
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Claims |
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Description |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates generally to roof structures and more particularly
to an improved relatively light weight, low cost roof structure of the
class disclosed in my prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034 and to an improved
support structure for the roof material.
2. Discussion of the Prior Art
Roof structures of the class to which this invention pertains are primarily
intended for applications which require relatively large floor area
coverage, such as commercial greenhouses, swimming pool enclosures and the
like. The prior art is replete, of course, with a vast assortment such
roof structures. One example of a roof structure of this kind is disclosed
in U.S. Pat. No. 3,488,899. This patented roof structure, however, is
relatively heavy, costly to construct, and presents the condensate problem
discussed below. My prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034 discloses an improved
roof structure which overcomes these disadvantages.
My prior patented roof structure includes a roof proper constructed of a
relatively thin, light weight, sheet-like roofing material and a
relatively light weight frame below and supporting the roof. The roof
supporting frame includes a plurality of long slender lower frame members
which are supported in spaced parallel relation on upstanding posts, walls
or the like and long slender upper frame members which extend transverse
to and are supported on and rigidly joined to the lower frame members with
the upper members disposed in spaced parallel relation along the lower
members. The roofing material overlies and is directly supported on these
upper frame members. For reasons of strength, rain runoff, and appearance,
the roof is supported in such a way that it slopes. The particular roof
structure illustrated in my prior patent, for example, is an arched roof
structure having a roof proper composed of fiberglass panels and a roof
supporting frame which supports the roof in an arch-like configuration,
such that the roof has a central crest and two arcuate portions which
extend with a downward slope in opposite directions from the crest to
lower roof edges .
A roof structure of this type presents the problem that condensate tends to
form on the under side of the roof, that is on the bottom surface of the
sheet-like roofing material and run downwardly toward the lower roof
edges. Gutters are placed along these lower edges to collect and carry off
the condensate. One disadvantage of the roof structure disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,488,899 resides in the fact that the condensate collection
system is somewhat ineffective with the result that condensate tends to
drip into the space below the roof.
My prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034 solves this condensate drip problem in the
following way. The lower frame members of the roof supporting frame extend
parallel to the direction in which condensate tends to run downwardly
along the underside of the roof and contain in their upper sides a
longitudinal, upwardly opening channel referred to herein as a condensate
drainage channel. The upper frame members extend transverse to the lower
frame members and hence also transverse to said direction in which
condensate tends to run downwardly along the underside of the roof. The
upper sides of these upper frame members contain longitudinal channels,
referred to herein as condensate collection channels, which open upwardly
toward and are disposed in condensate collecting relation to the underside
of the roof, such that condensate running downwardly along the underside
enters these collection channels. Condensate is conducted from the
condensate collection channels to the condensate drainage channels by
wires which extend between and along which condensate flows from the
collection channels to the drainage channels. The condensate then flows
downwardly thru the drainage channels to gutters at the lower ends of the
latter channels.
When properly constructed, this condensate collection system of my prior
patent is very effective from the standpoint of its ability to collect and
dispose of the condensate which tends to form on the underside of the roof
and thereby prevent dripping of the condensate into the underlying space
below the roof. The collection system, however, has one disadvantage which
this invention overcomes. This disadvantage resides in the fact that
workmen installing my patented roof structure often forget to or
improperly install the condensate conducting wires between the collection
and drainage channels. This reduces the effectiveness of the condensate
collection system and causes dripping of condensate into the underlying
space in direct proportion to the number of condensate collection wires
which are omitted or improperly installed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention provides an improved roof structure and supporting frame
therefore which are substantially identical to those of my above described
prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034 except that the improved roof and supporting
frame embody an improved arrangement for conducting condensate from the
condensate collection channels to the condensate drainage channels which
avoids the above discussed disadvantage of my prior condensate collection
system. According to the present invention, condensate is conducted from
the collection channels to the adjacent drainage channels by condensate
conduction means which cannot be omitted or improperly installed. These
condensate conduction means define condensate drain passages having upper
ends through which they receive condensate from the adjacent collection
channels through drain openings in these channels and lower ends through
which the condensate is discharged to the adjacent drainage channels.
According to one feature of the invention, the drain passage defining means
comprise structural members which serve the additional function of rigidly
joining the respective upper and lower frame members in such a way that it
is impossible to forget to or improperly install the drain passage
defining members. According to another feature of the invention, the drain
passage defining means comprise members having side surfaces which seat
against side surfaces of their respective upper frame members, and one
surface of each pair of seating surfaces is recessed to form the drain
passages between the surfaces. In the disclosed embodiment of the
invention, the condensate collection channel in each upper frame member is
located laterally beyond the side surface of its respective upper frame
member and the corresponding drain passages, and condensate is conducted
from the collection channel to the upper ends of the drain passages by
troughs which are located below and receive condensate through the
collection channel drain openings and conduct the condensate to the upper
ends of the drain passages.
In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention which is described
herein, the upper and lower frame members are sheet metal channel members,
and the condensate conduction means comprise sheet metal,
drain-passage-defining brackets which are secured to and rigidly join the
respective upper and lower channel members into an integral frame
structure. Each bracket includes a first bracket portion which has a side
surface seating against a side surface of its respective upper frame
channel member and contains a recess forming a condensate drain passage
between the surfaces and a second bracket portion which extends laterally
from the upper edge of the first bracket portion and forms an upwardly
opening trough for conducting condensate from the adjacent drain opening
in the respective condensate collection channel to the upper end of the
drain passage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a vertical section through an enclosure including a roof
structure according to this invention;
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of the roof structure:
FIG. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the roof structure
showing two roof supporting frame members, roofing material, and a
condensate conducting bracket of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a section on line 4--4 in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a further enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a portion of
FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a section taken on line 6--6 FIG. 4; and
FIG. 7 is a section taken on line 7--7 in FIG. 4.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Turning now to these drawings and first to FIG. 1, the illustrated
enclosure 10 comprises an improved roof structure 12 according to this
invention supported a distance above the ground on upstanding columns 14.
Roof structure 12 includes a roof supporting frame 16 and a roof 18 proper
supported on the frame. The supporting frame 16 includes frame members 20,
22 which are rigidly joined to one another in the manner hereafter
described and supported by a truss frame structure 24 which supports the
frame 16 and roof 18 in a desired roof configuration. In the particular
enclosure 10 illustrated, the truss frame structure 24 supports the frame
16 and roof 18 in a generally arch-like configuration such that the roof
has a central crest C and downwardly sloping arcuate portions P which
extend in opposite lateral directions from the crest with a downward
curvature about a common axis under the crest normal to the plane of the
paper in FIG. 1 and terminate at lower longitudinal edges 26 parallel to
the axis. The frame members 20 are disposed in planes normal to this axis
and conform to the curvature of the roof 18. The frame members 22 are
straight and parallel the axis and extend transverse to the frame members
20.
This invention is concerned primarily with the improved roof structure 12
including the roof supporting frame 16 and roof 18. As mentioned earlier
and discussed in more detail later, roof structures of this general kind
are prone to the condensation of moisture on the underside of the roofing
material which, in this invention, is the material of the roof 18. When
the roof slopes, as does the roof 18, this condensate tends to flow or run
downwardly along the underside of the roof toward its lowermost edges,
i.e. edges 26 in the drawings. The primary contribution of this invention
resides in an improved condensate collection system 28 which is embodied
in the roof structure 12 for collecting and disposing of this condensate
so as to avoid dripping of the condensate into the space below the roof.
The improved roof structure 12 and its condensate collection system 28 will
now be described by reference particularly to FIGS. 2-7. It should be
noted at the outset of this description that except for this improved
condensate collection system, the roof structure 12, including its frame
members 20, 22, and roof 18, and indeed the rest of the enclosure 10 in
FIG. 1, are substantially identical to those of my prior U.S. Pat. No.
4,676,034. For this reason, the description of the parts of the present
improved roof structure 12 which are identical to those of my prior patent
will be somewhat abreviated in the following description of the roof
structure 12.
The lower frame members 20 are arranged in spaced, generally parallel
relation to one another. The upper frame members 22 are also arranged in
spaced, generally parallel relation to one another and are located above
the lower frame members with the upper members spaced along and extending
transverse to the lower members. Accordingly, the upper and lower frame
members cross one another at intersections 30 spaced about the frame 16.
The roof 18 overlies and is supported on the upper frame members 22. As
explained earlier, the roof is composed of relatively thin lightweight
sheet-like roofing material so as to provide a relatively inexpensive,
light weight roof structure. The particular roof illustrated, for example;
comprises corrugated metal of fiberglass panels 18a extending transverse
to and disposed edge to edge along the upper frame members. These panels
are secured to the upper frame members in any convenient way, such as by
the illustrated screws.
The use of such thin sheet material for the roof 18 without any barrier
below the roof has the disadvantage mentioned earlier, namely condensation
of moisture on the underside of the roof which can drip into the
underlying enclosure space. The improved condensate collection system 28
of this invention collects and disposes of this condensate in such a way
as to minimize or eliminate such condensate dripping. This condensate
collection system includes an upwardly opening longitudinal condensate
collection channel 32 in at least some of the upper frame members 22, an
upwardly opening longitudinal condensate drainage channel 34 in at least
some of the lower frame members 20, and means 36 at each of at least
certain of the frame intersections 30 for conducting condensate from the
collection channels in the adjacent upper frame members to the drainage
channels in the adjacent lower frame members. In the roof structure 12
illustrated, all of the lower frame members contain drainage channels, all
of the upper frame members contain collection channels, and all of the
frame intersections has a condensate conducting means. Condensate flows
downwardly through the drainage channels to gutters 38 extending along the
lower roof edges 26 which then convey the condensate to the ground or
other condensate receiver.
According to one feature of this invention the condensate conducting means
36 includes means 40 defining a condensate drain passage 42 having an
upper end which receives condensate from the adjacent collection channel
32 through a drain opening 44 in the bottom of the channel and a lower end
opening to the adjacent condensate drainage channel 34. According to
another feature of the invention, each condensate conducting means 36 is a
structural member which is rigidly secured to both adjacent lower and
upper frame members 20, 22 and rigidly joins the members to form an
integral supporting frame 16. As shown in the drawings and will be
explained shortly, the condensate collection channels 32 are laterally
offset from their corresponding drain passages 42. According to a further
feature of the invention, each condensate conducting means 36 comprises
means 46 for conducting condensate from the adjacent collection channel to
the upper end of the corresponding drain passage.
Referring now in more detail to the drawings, each lower frame member 20 is
a sheet metal channel member including an upper web 48 containing a
central longitudinal recess which forms the condensate drainage channel 34
of the member, and depending flanges 50 along the longitudinal edges of
the web having inset lower portions forming downwardly facing longitudinal
shoulders 52. Each upper frame member 22 is also a sheet metal channel
member and includes a web 54, a flange 56 along the normally upper edge of
and projecting laterally beyond one side face 58 of the web, and a flange
60 along the lower edge of and projecting laterally beyond the opposite
side of the web. The laterally outer portion of the upper flange 56 is
shaped to form the condensate collection channel 32 of the member. The
upper flange 56 has slots 62 at positions which are spaced along the
flange to coincide with the frame intersections 30 and extend through the
collection channel to form the collection channel drain openings 44. Each
upper frame or channel member 22 is supported on the underlying lower
frame or channel members 20 with the lower flange of the upper member
resting on the upper webs 48 of the lower members, as best shown in FIG.
3.
Except for the improved condensate conducting means 36, which constitutes a
major contribution of this invention, the roof structure 10 is essentially
identical to that of my prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034. As noted above,
each of at least some of the frame intersections 30 has a condensate
conducting means 36 for conducting condensate from the adjacent condensate
collection channel 32 to the adjacent condensate drainage channel 34 and
including means 40 defining a drain passage 42 and means 46 for conducting
condensate from the collection channel to the upper end of the drain
passage.
Considering the lower and upper frame or channel members 20, 22 at each
frame intersection 30 having a condensate conducting means 36 to be first
and second structural members, the presently preferred condensate
conducting means illustrated is essentially a third structural member in
the form of a sheet metal bracket. Bracket includes a first bracket
portion which constitutes the drain passage defining means 40 and a second
bracket portion which constitutes the means 46 for conducting condensate
from the adjacent collection channel 32 to the upper end of the
corresponding drain passage 42.
The first bracket portion 40 is substantially flat and has normally upper
and lower edges 64, 66 and a side surface 68 extending between these edges
which seats against the side surface 58 of the adjacent upper frame or
channel member 22. Along the lower edge 66 is a flange 69 which seats on
the upper web 48 of the adjacent lower frame or channel member 20. Bracket
side surface 68 contains a recess 70 extending between and opening endwise
at the edges 64, 66 and opening laterally toward the frame member side
surface 58 to form the drain passage 42. The second bracket portion 46
extends laterally from the upper edge 64 of the first bracket portion 40
and beyond the side of the latter portion opposite its side surface 68 and
toward the adjacent collection channel 32. This second bracket portion is
shaped in the manner shown to form a trough located below and opening
upwardly toward the adjacent collection channel drain opening 44. The
trough 46 has a downward slope toward and has a groove 72 along its bottom
extending to the upper end of the drain passage 42. Accordingly,
condensate draining from each collection channel 32 through a drain
opening 44 drips into the underlying trough 46, then runs along the trough
to the upper end of the adjacent drain passage 42, and then passes
downwardly through the drain passage to the corresponding drainage channel
34. As noted earlier, the condensate thus entering each drainage channel
flows downwardly through the latter channel to the corresponding gutter 38
which then carries the condensate to the ground or other receiver.
In accordance with the teachings of my prior U.S. Pat. No. 4,676,034, each
of the upper frame or channel members 22 is arranged so that its
collection channel 32 is located along the uphill side of the member, that
is the side of the member which faces in the upward direction along the
underside of the roof 18 and toward its crest. Accordingly, each upper
frame member tends to obstruct condensate flow along the underside of the
roof past that member and thereby induce entrance of the condensate into
the its collection channel.
According to a feature of the invention, each condensate conducting bracket
36 is a structural member which is secured to both adjacent lower and
upper frame members 20, 22 and rigidly joins these members into an
integral frame structure. In the preferred roof structure 10 illustrated,
this is accomplished by bolts 74 passing through the bracket portion 40
and the web 54 of the upper frame member 22 and by straps 76 bolted to the
lower frame member 20 and the bracket flange 69.
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