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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to prefabricated formwork elements for the
construction of external walls of buildings.
The invention is also directed to the method of construction of a wall
which makes use of these elements.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Known prefabricated formwork elements are described in French patent No.
2,548,716 granted to the present Applicant and comprise a pair of panels
of heat-insulating material, one of which is an inner panel whilst the
other is an outer panel. These panels are intended to be maintained
parallel to each other so as to delimit between them a space which is
intended to be filled with concrete, each panel being reinforced by
horizontal stiffeners and shores external to the panels being provided for
maintaining the two panels in a vertical position and in spaced relation.
In this French patent, the two panels are placed on each side of vertical
metal poles to which they are attached.
Moreover, the shores which serve to maintain the vertical panels while
concrete is being poured between them and until the concrete has set are
secured to the aforementioned vertical poles placed between the two
panels.
The use and positioning of the aforementioned poles complicates and
increases the cost of construction of the wall. The present Applicant has
consequently made researches with a view to eliminating these poles.
The object of the present invention is therefore to dispense with the poles
used in the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention is thus directed to prefabricated formwork elements for the
construction of external walls of buildings, comprising a pair of panels
of heat-insulating material which are constituted by an inner panel and an
outer panel and are intended to be maintained in parallel relation so as
to delimit between them a space which is intended to be filled with
concrete, each panel being reinforced by horizontal stiffeners and shores
external to the panels being provided for maintaining the two panels in a
vertical position and in spaced relation.
In accordance with the invention, the prefabricated formwork elements are
distinguished by the fact that means are provided for removably attaching
shores to the horizontal stiffeners of one of the panels and that other
means are provided for connecting the stiffeners of one of the panels to
the stiffeners of the other panel and maintaining these latter in spaced
relation.
In view of the fact that the shores are connected to the stiffeners of one
of the panels and that the stiffeners of said panels are connected to each
other, the two panels are rigidly fixed to the external shores, with the
result that the presence of metal poles between these panels no longer
serves any purpose.
Positioning of the prefabricated elements in accordance with the present
invention is thus less complicated and costly than in the case of those
described in French patent No. 2,548,716.
In an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, the stiffeners each
have a portion which projects from the inner panel face and is provided
with openings, the stiffeners of the two panels being connected to each
other and maintained in spaced relation by means of rods provided at their
opposite ends with hooks engaged in the openings aforesaid.
Said hooked rods thus secure the two panels in rigidly fixed relation while
maintaining them at the requisite distance. Said rods withstand the
pressure exerted by the concrete which is being poured between the two
panels and tends to separate them.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the shores are removably
attached to the stiffeners of one of the panels by means of hooks which
pass through this latter.
Said hooks thus make the panels integral with the shores. Moreover, the
shores can readily be removed after setting of the concrete.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method of
construction of a wall involving the use of the elements aforesaid is
distinguished by the following steps:
the shores are fixed vertically on the slab which is intended to support
the wall to be constructed, along the perimeter corresponding to the inner
face of said wall,
the elements of the outer panel are placed on top of each other and these
elements are temporarily attached to the shores by means of suitable ties
which connect the stiffeners of said elements to the shores,
the elements of the inner panel are placed parallel to the outer panel
which is already in position and said elements are attached to the shores
by means of suitable ties,
the stiffeners of both panels are connected to each other by means of
hooked rods engaged in the holes of the projecting portions of the
stiffeners,
concrete is poured into the space located between the two panels,
the shores are removed after setting of the concrete.
This method is very easy and inexpensive to apply, in particular because it
does not entail the need to position metal poles between the two panels.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cutaway view in perspective of formwork in accordance with the
invention.
FIG. 2 is a view in perspective to a larger scale showing part of the
formwork.
FIG. 3 is a top view of the formwork.
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary view of a panel showing a stiffener at the
interface between two panel elements and a rod attached to the stiffener.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the embodiment of the accompanying figures, the formwork for the
construction of external walls of buildings comprises a pair of panels 1,
2 of heat insulating material such as expanded polystyrene or
polyurethane, one panel 2 being an inner panel and the other panel 1 being
an outer panel, said panels being maintained in parallel relation so as to
delimit between them a space 3 which is intended to be filled with
concrete. Each panel 1, 2 is reinforced by horizontal stiffeners 4.
Vertical shores 5 external to the panels 1, 2 are provided for maintaining
the two panels 1, 2 in a vertical position and in spaced relation.
In accordance with the invention, means are provided for removably
attaching the shores 5 to the horizontal stiffeners 4 of one of the panels
1, 2 and other means are provided for connecting the stiffeners 4 of one
of the panels 1, 2 to the stiffeners 4 of the other panel and for
maintaining these latter in spaced relation.
As shown in particular in FIG. 2, the stiffeners 4 each have a portion 4a
which projects from the inner faces of the panels 1, 2. This portion 4a
has openings 4b. Rods 6 provided at their opposite ends with hooks 6a
engaged in the openings 4b serve to interconnect the stiffeners 4 of the
two panels 1, 2 and maintain them at a distance from each other.
Moreover, the shores 5 are removably attached to the stiffeners 4 of one of
the panels, namely the inner panel 2, by means of hooks 7 which pass
through this latter (as shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4).
In fact, in the example illustrated, the shores 5 are placed on the outer
face of the panel 2 which is adjacent to the inside of the wall.
Moreover, in the example shown, each panel 1, 2 is constituted by a
plurality of superposed panel elements 1a, 1b, 1c, . . . ; 2a, 2b, 2c, . .
. .
Furthermore, means are provided for carrying out accurate centering of the
adjacent edges of the superposed panel elements. In the example which is
illustrated, said means are constituted by T-section stiffeners 4 (as
shown in particular in FIG. 4) which extend between the adjacent edges of
the panel elements 1a, 1b, 1c, . . . ; 2a, 2b, 2c, . . . . One wing 4d of
the T is engaged in two vertical grooves 2d, 2e formed in the edges 8a, 8b
of two adjacent panel elements (such as the elements 2a, 2b in FIG. 4) and
the other wing 4a of the T extends between the two edges 8a, 8b and
projects from the inner face of the two panel elements.
In order to construct a wall by means of the formwork elements which have
just been described, the procedure is as follows.
In a first step, the shores 5 are fixed vertically on the slab 9 (see FIG.
1) which is intended to support the wall to be constructed, along the
perimeter which corresponds to the inner face of said wall.
In a second step, the elements 1a, 1b, 1c, . . . of the outer panel 1 are
placed on top of each other and these elements are temporarily attached to
the shores 5 by means of suitable ties which connect the stiffeners 4 of
said elements to the shores.
During this step, accurate positioning of the elements 1a, 1 b, 1c, . . .
on top of each other is made possible by means of the stiffeners 4 which
are already in position within a groove formed in the edge of the lower
element and by the fact that the edge of the upper element has a groove
which engages over the projecting vertical wing of the stiffener 4 of the
lower element.
In a third step, the elements 2a, 2b, 2c, . . . of the inner panel 2 are
placed parallel to the outer panel 1 which is already in position and
these elements are attached to the shores 5 by means of the hooks 7, the
end portions 7a of said hooks being engaged on the vertical wing of the
stiffeners 4 (as shown in FIG. 4).
In a fourth step, the stiffeners 4 of the two panels 1, 2 are connected to
each other by means of hooked rods 6 engaged in the holes 4b of the
projecting portions 4a of the stiffeners 4.
In a fifth step, concrete is poured into the space 3 located between the
two panels 1, 2 and the shores 5 are removed after setting of the
concrete.
In order to reinforce the wall structure, one or a number of wire-mesh
elements 10 can be placed within the space 3 which is intended to receive
the concrete (as indicated in FIG. 1) before positioning of the second
panel.
The main advantages of the invention are as follows.
The practical application of the invention is achieved by means of
inexpensive and lightweight members such as the hooked rods 6 and the
hooks 7.
The only relatively heavy members are the shores 5 but these latter are
recovered on completion of operations.
In comparison with the method described in French patent No. 2,548,716
granted to the present Applicant, the present invention has an advantage
in that it does not call for the use of metal poles which are placed
vertically between the panels 1 and 2 so as to connect these latter to
each other as well as to the external shores. In fact, tests have shown
that the external shores were sufficient to withstand the pressure exerted
by the concrete as it is poured into the space 3, taking into account the
fact that the panels 1 and 2 are connected to each other by means of
hooked rods 6 which maintain the spacing between the two panels.
As will be readily apparent, the invention is not limited to the example of
construction which has just been described and a large number of
modifications can be contemplated without thereby departing from the scope
or the spirit of the invention.
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