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Claims  |
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What is claimed is:
1. Azeotrope-like compositions consisting essentially of from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of dichlorotrifluoroethane selected from the group
consisting of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and a mixture consisting
of about 90 to about 99.5 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and about 0.5 to about 10 weight
percent 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, from about 1 to about 4
percent by weight of methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 15 weight
percent of alkane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms selected from the group
consisting of n-pentane, 2-methylbutane, 2-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane,
2,2-dimethylbutane, or 2,3-dimethylbutane which boil at about 30.degree.
C. .+-. 2.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
2. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is n-pentane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
28.6.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
3. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 2 consisting essentially of
from about 58.2 to about 95 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 1 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 2 to about 13.5 weight percent said
n-pentane.
4. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 2 consisting essentially of
from about 60.2 to about 90.5 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 5 to about 33 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 2 to about 13.1 weight percent said
n-pentane.
5. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is 2-methylbutane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
28.5.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
6. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 5 consisting essentially of
from about 57 to about 94 weight percent said 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane,
from about 3 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 4 weight percent
said methanol, and from about 2 to about 15 weight percent said
2-methylbutane.
7. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 5 consisting essentially of
from about 60.2 to about 90.7 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 5 to about 32 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2.8 to about 3.9 weight
percent of said methanol, and from about 2 to about 13 weight percent said
2-methylbutane.
8. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is 2-methylpentane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
31.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
9. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 8 consisting essentially of
from about 57.2 to about 95 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 1 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent said
2-methylpentane.
10. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 8 consisting essentially of
from about 60.9 to about 92.5 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 3 to about 32 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2.7 to about 3.1 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent said
2-methylpentane.
11. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is 3-methylpentane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
31.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
12. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 11 consisting essentially of
from about 55.2 to about 93 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 3 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent said
3-methylpentane.
13. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 11 consisting essentially of
from about 58.7 to about 90.7 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 5 to about 32 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.5 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent said
3-methylpentane.
14. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is 2,2-dimethylbutane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
29.7.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
15. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 14 consisting essentially of
from about 55.2 to about 93 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 3 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent said
2,2-dimethylbutane.
16. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 14 consisting essentially of
from about 58.7 to about 90.7 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 5 to about 32 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.5 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent said
2,2-dimethylbutane.
17. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 1 wherein said
dichlorotrifluoroethane is 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, said alkane
is 2,3-dimethylbutane, and said azeotrope-like compositions boil at about
29.7.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg.
18. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 17 consisting essentially of
from about 55.2 to about 93 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 2 to about 35 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.8 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 4 weight percent said
2,3-dimethylbutane.
19. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 17 consisting essentially of
from about 58.7 to about 90.7 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, from about 5 to about 32 weight percent said
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, from about 2 to about 3.5 weight
percent said methanol, and from about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent and
said 2,3-dimethylbutane.
20. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 2 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition of said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
21. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 5 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition of said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
22. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 8 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition of said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
23. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 11 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition of said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
24. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 14 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition as said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
25. The azeotrope-like compositions of claim 17 wherein said compositions
additionally contain an effective amount of an inhibitor which inhibits
decomposition of said azeotrope-like compositions, reacts with undesirable
decomposition products of said azeotrope-like compositions, or prevents
corrosion of metal surfaces and is selected from the group consisting of
alkanols having 4 to 7 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes having 1 to 3 carbon
atoms, 1,2-epoxyalkanes having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, phosphite esters
having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, ethers having 3 or 4 carbon atoms,
unsaturated compounds having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, acetals having 4 to 7
carbon atoms, ketones having 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and amines having 6 to 8
carbon atoms.
26. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like compositions as defined in claim 2.
27. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like compositions as defined in claim 5.
28. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like compositions as defined in claim 8.
29. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like composition as defined in claim 11.
30. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like composition as defined in claim 14.
31. A method of cleaning a solid surface which comprises treating said
surface with said azeotrope-like composition as defined in claim 17. |
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Claims |
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Description |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to azeotrope-like mixtures of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; methanol; and alkane
having 5 or 6 carbon atoms. These mixtures are useful in a variety of
vapor degreasing, cold cleaning and solvent cleaning applications
including defluxing and dry cleaning.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Vapor degreasing and solvent cleaning with fluorocarbon based solvents have
found widespread use in industry for the degreasing and otherwise cleaning
of solid surfaces, especially intricate parts and difficult to remove
soils.
In its simplest form, vapor degreasing or solvent cleaning consists of
exposing a room temperature object to be cleaned to the vapors of a
boiling solvent. Vapors condensing on the object provide clean distilled
solvent to wash away grease or other contamination. Final evaporation of
solvent from the object leaves behind no residue as would be the case
where the object is simply washed in liquid solvent.
For difficult to remove soils where elevated temperature is necessary to
improve the cleaning action of the solvent, or for large volume assembly
line operations where the cleaning of metal parts and assemblies must be
done efficiently and quickly, the conventional operation of a vapor
degreaser consists of immersing the part to be cleaned in a sump of
boiling solvent which removes the bulk of the soil, thereafter immersing
the part in a sump containing freshly distilled solvent near room
temperature, and finally exposing the part to solvent vapors over the
boiling sump which condense on the cleaned part. In addition, the part can
also be sprayed with distilled solvent before final rinsing.
Vapor degreasers suitable in the above-described operations are well known
in the art. For example, Sherliker et al. in U.S. Pat. No. 3,085,918
disclose such suitable vapor degreasers comprising a boiling sump, a clean
sump, a water separator, and other ancillary equipment.
Cold cleaning is another application where a number of solvents are used.
In most cold cleaning applications, the soiled part is either immersed in
the fluid or wiped with rags or similar objects soaked in solvents and
allowed to air dry.
Fluorocarbon solvents, such as trichlorotrifluoroethane, have attained
widespread use in recent years as effective, nontoxic, and nonflammable
agents useful in degreasing applications and other solvent cleaning
applications. Trichlorotrifluoroethane has been found to have satisfactory
solvent power for greases, oils, waxes and the like. It has therefore
found widespread use for cleaning electric motors, compressors, heavy
metal parts, delicate precision metal parts, printed circuit boards,
gyroscopes, guidance systems, aerospace and missile hardware, aluminum
parts and the like.
The art has looked towards azeotrope or azeotrope-like compositions
including the desired fluorocarbon components such as
trichlorotrifluoroethane which include components which contribute
additionally desired characteristics, such as polar functionality,
increased solvency power, and stabilizers. Azeotropic or azeotrope-like
compositions are desired because they do not fractionate upon boiling.
This behavior is desirable because in the previously described vapor
degreasing equipment with which these solvents are employed, redistilled
material is generated for final rinse-cleaning. Thus, the vapor degreasing
system acts as a still. Unless the solvent composition exhibits a constant
boiling point, i.e., is azeotrope-like, fractionation will occur and
undesirable solvent distribution may act to upset the cleaning and safety
of processing. Preferential evaporation of the more volatile components of
the solvent mixtures, which would be the case if they were not
azeotrope-like, would result in mixtures with changed compositions which
may have less desirable properties, such as lower solvency towards soils,
less inertness towards metal, plastic or elastomer components, and
increased flammability and toxicity.
The art is continually seeking new fluorocarbon based azeotrope-like
mixtures which offer alternatives for new and special applications for
vapor degreasing and other cleaning applications. Currently, of particular
interest, are fluorocarbon based azeotrope-like mixtures which are
considered to be stratospherically safe substitutes for presently used
fully halogenated chlorofluorocarbons. The latter are suspected of causing
environmental problems in connection with the earth's protective ozone
layer. Mathematical models have substantiated that
hydrochlorofluorocarbons, such as 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (known in
the art as HCFC-141b) and dichlorotrifluoroethane (HCFC-123 or HCFC-123a),
will not adversely affect atmospheric chemistry, being negligible
contributors to ozone depletion and to green-house global warming in
comparison to the fully halogenated species. Both HCFC-141b and
dichlorotrifluoroethane are known to be useful as solvents.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,836,947 discloses azeotrope-like mixtures
of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and ethanol. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat.
No. 4,842,764 discloses azeotrope-like mixtures of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane and methanol. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No.
4,863,630 discloses azeotrope-like mixtures of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; and ethanol.
Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,894,176 discloses azeotrope-like
mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; and
methanol. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,960,535 discloses
azeotrope-like mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane,
dichlorotrifluoroethane, and a mono- or di-chlorinated C.sub.2 or C.sub.3
alkane. Commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 4,965,011 discloses azeotrope-like
mixtures of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, dichlorotrifluoroethane, and
nitromethane.
Kokai Patent Publication 103,686, published Apr. 20, 1989, discloses an
azeotropic mixture of 55 to 80 weight percent dichlorotrifluoroethane and
20 to 45 weight percent 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane. Kokai Patent
Publication 136,981, published May 30, 1989, discloses a degreasing
cleaning agent of an azeotropic mixture of 67 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and esters.
Kokai Patent Publication 136,982, published May 30, 1989, discloses a
buff-grinding cleaning agent of an azeotropic mixture of 67 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and esters. Kokai Patent Publication 137,253,
published May 30, 1989, discloses a resist developing agent of an
azeotropic composition of 67 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and esters.
Kokai Patent Publication 137,259, published May 30, 1989, discloses a
resist separating agent of an azeotropic composition of 67 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, aromatics, and esters. Kokai Patent Publication
138,300, published May 31, 1989, discloses a flux cleaning agent of an
azeotrope of 67 weight percent 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33
weight percent 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols,
ketones, and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
Kokai Patent Publication 139,104, published May 31, 1989, discloses a
solvent of an azeotropic mixture of 67 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and surfactants. Kokai Patent Publication
139,861, Published Jun. 1, 1989, discloses a dry-cleaning agent of 67
weight percent 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 33 weight percent
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, plus hydrocarbons, alcohols, ketones,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, and surfactants.
It is an object of this invention to provide novel azeotrope-like
compositions based on HCFC-141b and dichlorotrifluoroethane which are
liquid at room temperature, which will not fractionate substantially under
the process of distillation or evaporation, and which are useful as
solvents for use in vapor degreasing and other solvent cleaning
applications including defluxing applications and dry cleaning.
Another object of the invention is to provide novel environmentally
acceptable solvents for use in the aforementioned applications.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the
following description.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the invention, novel mixtures have been discovered
comprising 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; methanol;
and alkane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms. Also, novel azeotrope-like or
constant-boiling compositions have been discovered comprising
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; methanol; and alkane
having 5 or 6 carbon atoms. The alkane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms is
selected from the group consisting of n-pentane; 2-methylbutane;
2-methylpentane; 3-methylpentane; 2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane;
and mixtures thereof. The dichlorotrifluoroethane component can be one of
its isomers: 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123);
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a) or mixtures thereof in any
proportions.
The preferred isomer of dichlorotrifluoroethane is HCFC-123. Preferably,
"commercial HCFC-123" which is available as "pure" HCFC-123 containing
about 90 to about 95 weight percent of HCFC-123, about 5 to about 10
weight percent of HCFC-123a, and impurities such as
trichloromonofluoromethane, trichlorotrifluoroethane, and methylene
chloride which due to their presence in insignificant amounts, have no
deleterious effects on the properties of the azeotrope-like compositions,
is used. "Commercial HCFC-123" is also available as "ultra-pure" HCFC-123
which contains about 95 to about 99.5 weight percent of HCFC-123, about
0.5 to about 5 weight percent of HCFC-123a, and impurities as listed
above.
Preferably, the novel azeotrope-like compositions comprise effective
amounts of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; methanol;
and alkane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms. The term "effective amounts" as
used herein means the amount of each component which upon combination with
the other component, results in the formation of the present
azeotrope-like composition.
Preferably, novel azeotrope-like compositions comprise
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; dichlorotrifluoroethane; methanol; and alkane
having 5 or 6 carbon atoms selected from the group consisting of
n-pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2-methylpentane; 3-methylpentane;
2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; and mixtures thereof which boil at
about 30.0.degree. C. .+-. about 2.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Preferably, novel azeotrope-like compositions comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of dichlorotrifluoroethane selected from the group
consisting of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane,
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, or mixtures thereof; from about 1 to
about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 0.5 to about 15 weight
percent of alkane having 5 or 6 carbon atoms selected from the group
consisting of n-pentane; 2-methylbutane; 2-methylpentane; 3-methylbutane;
2,2-dimethylbutane; 2,3-dimethylbutane; and mixtures thereof which boil at
about 30.0.degree. C. .+-. about 2.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
When the dichlorotrifluoroethane used is
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, novel azeotrope-like compositions
preferably comprise 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and n-pentane which boil at
about 28.6.degree. C., and more preferably, about 28.6.degree. C. .+-.
about 0.5.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Novel azeotrope-like compositions also preferably comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about
1 to about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 1 to about 15
weight percent of n-pentane which boil at about 28.6.degree. C. at 760 mm
Hg (101 kPa).
Preferably the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise from
about 58.2 to about 95 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from
about 1 to about 35 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2 to about 3.8 weight percent of methanol; and from about 2 to
about 13.5 weight percent of n-pentane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.2 to about 90.5 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 5 to about 33 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 2 to about 13.1 weight percent of
n-pentane.
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is
27.8.degree. C. and the boiling point of
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane is 29.9.degree. C., it is believed that
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; methanol; and n-pentane would form. It should
be understood that the aforementioned compositional ranges for
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and n-pentane also apply to
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and n-pentane. These
compositions would boil at about 29.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is so close
to the boiling point of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, it is also
believed that azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and n-pentane would form.
Preferably, azeotrope-like compositions comprise from about 55 to about
97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to about
38 weight percent of a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; from about 1 to about 4 weight percent
of methanol; and from about 1 to about 15 weight percent of n-pentane.
These compositions boil at about 29.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
More preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 58.2 to about 95 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
from about 1 to about 38 weight percent of a mixture of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 2 to
about 13.5 weight percent of n-pentane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.2 to about 90.5 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 5 to about 33 weight percent of a
mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 2 to about 13.1 weight percent of
n-pentane.
Also when the dichlorotrifluoroethane used is
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, novel azeotrope-like compositions
preferably comprise 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylbutane which
boil at about 28.5.degree. C. and more preferably, about 28.5.degree. C.
.+-. about 0.5.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Novel azeotrope-like compositions also preferably comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about
1 to about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 1 to about 15
weight percent of 2-methylbutane which boil at about 28.5.degree. C. at
760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Preferably the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise from
about 57 to about 94 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from
about 3 about 35 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2 to about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 2 to
about 15 weight percent of 2-methylbutane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.2 to about 90.7 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 5 to about 32 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about 2.8 to about 3.9 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 2 to about 13 weight percent of
2-methylbutane.
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is
27.8.degree. C. and the boiling point of
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane is 29.9.degree. C., it is believed that
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylbutane would form. It
should be understood that the aforementioned compositional ranges for
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylbutane also
apply to azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylbutane. These
compositions boil at about 28.8.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is so close
to the boiling point of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, it is also
believed that azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylbutane would
form. Preferably, azeotrope-like compositions comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; from about 1 to about 4 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 1 to about 15 weight percent of
2-methylbutane. These compositions boil at about 28.8.degree. C. at 760 mm
Hg.
More preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 57 to about 94 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
from about 3 to about 35 weight percent of a mixture of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2 to about 4 weight percent methanol; and from about 2 to about
15 weight percent 2-methylbutane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.2 to about 90.7 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 5 to about 32 weight percent of a
mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane; from about 2.8 to about 3.9 weight
percent methanol; and from about 2 to about 13 weight percent
2-methylbutane.
Also when the dichlorotrifluoroethane used is
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane, novel azeotrope-like compositions
preferably comprise 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylpentane which
boil at about 31.degree. C. and more preferably, at about 31.degree. C.
.+-. about 0.5.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Novel azeotrope-like compositions also preferably comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about
1 to about 4 weight percent of methanol; and from about 0.5 to about 5
weight percent of 2-methylpentane which boil at about 31.degree. C. at 760
mm Hg (101 kPa).
Preferably the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise from
about 57.2 to about 95 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from
about 1 to about 35 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight percent of methanol; and from about 0.5
to about 3 weight percent of 2-methylpentane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.9 to about 92.5 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 3 to about 32 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; from about 2.7 to about 3.1 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent of
2-methylpentane.
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is
27.8.degree. C. and the boiling point of
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane is 29.9.degree. C., it is believed that
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylpentane would form. It
should be understood that the aforementioned compositional ranges for
azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylpentane also
apply to azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylpentane. These
compositions boil at about 31.5.degree. C. at 760 mm Hg (101 kPa).
Because the boiling point of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane is so close
to the boiling point of 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane, it is also
believed that azeotrope-like compositions of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; methanol; and 2-methylpentane would
form. Preferably, azeotrope-like compositions comprise from about 55 to
about 97.8 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 1 to
about 38 weight percent of a mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane
and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; from about 1 to about 4 weight
percent of methanol; and from about 0.5 to about 5 weight percent of
2-methylpentane.
More preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 57.2 to about 95 weight percent of 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane;
from about 1 to about 35 weight percent of a mixture of
1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane;
from about 2.5 to about 3.8 weight percent of methanol; and from about 0.5
to about 3 weight percent of 2-methylpentane.
Most preferably, the azeotrope-like compositions of the invention comprise
from about 60.9 to about 92.5 weight percent of
1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane; from about 3 to about 32 weight percent of a
mixture of 1,1-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane and
1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane; from about 2.7 to about 3.1 weight
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