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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to still video recording/playback apparatus and,
more particularly, to such apparatus wherein an audio signal may be
recorded on a disk at virtually any time following the recording thereon
of a still video picture.
2. Description of the Prior Art
Electronic still cameras are known in which a still picture is recorded as
a video signal on a magnetic disk. The "instantly recorded" picture may be
played back with the use of a playback adapter and displayed, either as a
video picture on a television monitor or as a "printed" hard copy picture.
While the camera alone is used to record a still video picture on the
disk, successful play back is accomplished by connecting the camera to the
aforementioned playback adapter. The camera reproduces signals from the
disk; and these reproduced signals are processed by the adapter into
conventional television signals for display on a conventional television
monitor.
Recently, improvements to the still video camera have been proposed,
wherein audio signals which relate to the still picture may be recorded on
the same disk. For example, a brief narrative explaining the picture, the
subjects, the environment, etc., may be recorded as an audio signal and
may be linked to the still video picture such that, when the video picture
is played back, the recorded narrative likewise may be reproduced. In, for
example, Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-99972 and in
Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 62-95079, an audio signal spoken
for a predetermined duration (e. g. on the order of five seconds, or ten
seconds, or twenty seconds) may be time-base compressed and then recorded
in a track on the same disk as was used for recording the still video
picture Advantageously, the audio signal is recorded after the recording
of the still picture; and this post-recording (or, as is sometimes used
herein, the after-recording) process may be carried out immediately after
the still video picture is recorded or at a later time, such as when the
still video picture is reproduced and displayed.
In the aforementioned audio recording still video camera, the time limit
during which the user may record his audio signal is on the order of about
ten seconds. That is, an audio signal duration of ten seconds may be
recorded. However, if the user does not successfully complete his audio
recording in this time limit, for example, if the user does not compose
his thoughts successfully, or if the user becomes "tongue-tied", the ten
second duration may expire before the user completes his audio recording.
It is expected that, during normal operation of the audio recording still
video camera, incomplete or unsuccessful audio recording will not be
uncommon. In the still video camera proposed heretofore, means are not
provided for erasing the incomplete (or unsuccessful) audio signal to
enable a subsequent audio recording to be made. It is, therefore,
desirable to erase the audio signal from the disk or, for those audio
recording still video cameras that employ a memory chip to store
temporarily the audio signal, as may be used for time-base compression, to
erase the audio signal from memory.
The camera proposed heretofore also does not enable the user of the audio
recording still video camera to interrupt an audio recording operation and
instantly record a still video picture if the opportunity arises.
Heretofore, when an audio recording operation was initiated, it normally
had to be completed before a video picture recording operation could
begin. Thus, a momentary photographic opportunity may be lost.
In a typical audio recording still video camera, a built-in microphone is
provided in the camera housing to facilitate audio recording. However,
since the microphone is housed in the same case as the mechanical
assemblies which are used in the video and audio signal recording
operations, namely, the disk drive, mechanical noises generated by the
assemblies are likely to be picked up by the microphone when an audio
recording operation is carried out. It is desirable to avoid, or at least
minimize such mechanical noises by interrupting the disk drive operation
when an audio signal is supplied to the microphone. For example, for the
embodiment wherein the audio signal is stored temporarily in a solid-state
memory, operation of the disk drive may be interrupted while the audio
signal is written into the memory and then resumed when the audio signal
is read out and recorded. However, this interruption of the disk drive is
not satisfactory when the audio signal is recorded while displaying a
video signal. In that event, continual operation of the disk drive is
needed to reproduce the still video picture signal from the disk. If the
disk drive is stopped so as to minimize mechanical noises, the video
signal terminates, thus blanking the displayed video picture and making it
difficult, if not impossible, for the user to provide an acceptable
narrative of that picture.
OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide apparatus
for recording still video picture and audio signals on a disk which
overcomes the aforenoted drawbacks and disadvantages.
Another object of this invention is to provide still video and audio
recording apparatus which permits an audio signal to be recorded
immediately after a still video picture is recorded or after a still video
picture is reproduced.
A further object of this invention is to provide still video and audio
recording apparatus which facilitates the recording of an audio signal in
the event that an attempted recording is incomplete or otherwise
unsuccessful.
An additional object of this invention is to provide apparatus of the
aforenoted type which is readily and easily over from an audio recording
mode to a video recording mode to enable the user to seize a photographic
opportunity.
Still another object of this invention is to provide apparatus of the
aforenoted type in which an audio signal recording operation may be
initiated while a still video picture is reproduced and displayed, without
mixing mechanical and other noises in the audio signal.
Yet another object of this invention is to provide still video and audio
recording apparatus which may be used to record an audio signal generated
from either a built-in microphone or an externally connected microphone.
Various other objects, advantages and features of the present invention
will become readily apparent from the ensuing detailed description, and
the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appended
claims.
In accordance with one embodiment of this invention, apparatus is provided
for recording a still video picture signal and an audio signal on a disk,
including an after-recording switch manually operable to initiate the
recording of an audio signal after a video signal has been recorded, and a
controller responsive to the operation of the after-recording switch to
control the recording operation of the audio signal.
As one aspect of this embodiment, a delay is imparted to the recording of
the audio signal such that the audio signal is not recorded for a
predetermined time interval following the operation of the after-recording
switch.
In accordance with another aspect of this embodiment, the controller
includes an input for receiving the audio signal, a time compressor for
time compressing the received audio signal and a recorder for recording
the time compressed audio signal on the disk. As a feature of this aspect,
the time compressed audio signal is recorded in a track adjacent the track
in which the still video picture is recorded. As yet another feature of
this aspect, a video mode selector is operable to select a one-picture
recording mode for recording signals representing one still video picture
in a track, or a continuous recording mode for recording successive tracks
of still video pictures. When the one-picture recording mode is selected,
the time compressed audio signals are recorded in a track adjacent the
track in which the still video picture signals are recorded; and when the
continuous recording mode is selected, the time compressed audio signal is
recorded in a track adjacent the first of the successive video tracks.
As yet another aspect of this embodiment, if the after-recording switch is
operated while the audio signal is being received, time compressed or
recorded, an audio signal recording operation is recommenced to permit a
new audio signal to be recorded. As a feature of this aspect, the track
reserved for the previous audio signal is erased, thus preparing it to
record a new audio signal. As yet another feature, the apparatus includes
a release switch manually operable to initiate the recording of a still
video picture signal; the operation of this release switch during an audio
recording operation being effective to erase the track reserved for the
audio signal, thus permitting a new audio signal to be recorded in that
track. As a still further feature, the release switch may be partially or
fully operated. If partially operated, the aforementioned track erase
operation is carried out. If fully operated during an audio recording
operation, that operation is overridden and a still video picture signal
recording operation is commenced immediately.
As yet another aspect of this invention, the disk on which the video and
audio signals are recorded is rotated by a disk drive whose operation is
inhibited while an audio signal is supplied for recording, thereby
minimizing the mixture of mechanical noise with that audio signal.
As yet another aspect of this invention, the apparatus includes a built-in
microphone as well as an external microphone connection, and a selector
switch operable to couple the built-in microphone or the external
microphone to the audio recording circuitry. As a feature of this aspect,
a still video picture signal may be played back from the disk while that
disk is rotated by a disk drive; and if the built-in microphone is
selected for coupling audio signals to the audio recording circuitry, the
disk drive is interrupted while the audio signal is written to a temporary
memory and then resumed when that memory is read to the disk. However, if
the external microphone is selected, there is no interruption in the
operation of the disk drive.
In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, apparatus is
provided to reproduce a still video picture signal from a disk and,
subsequent to such reproduction, an audio signal may be recorded on the
same disk. Upon actuating a recording switch to establish an audio signal
recording mode, audio signals may be supplied for recording either from
the built-in microphone or from the external microphone. The manner in
which the disk is driven to record the audio signal is a function of
whether the built-in or external microphone is connected.
As one aspect, if the recording switch is operated while an audio signal is
being written into or read from the memory, the memory is prepared to
store a new audio signal; and the track in which the previous audio signal
was or was about to be recorded is erased, thus preparing that track to
store the new audio signal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The following detailed description, given by way of example, and not
intended to limit the present invention solely thereto, will best be
understood in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a still video camera with
which the present invention may be used;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a video disk cassette which may be used
with the camera of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a playback adapter which may be connected
to the camera of FIG. 1 to play back previously recorded video and audio
signals;
FIGS. 4A and 4B are a block diagram of one embodiment
FIG. 5A and 5B are a block diagram of one embodiment of circuitry included
in the camera shown in FIG. 1; of circuitry included in the adapter shown
in FIG. 3;
FIGS. 6A-6E comprise a flow chart which is useful in explaining the
operation of the camera system controller when recording an audio signal
on the disk;
FIGS. 7A and 7B are schematic diagrams of a disk having video and audio
signals recorded thereon;
FIGS. 8A and 8B comprise a flow chart which are useful in understanding the
operation of the camera system controller for recording an audio signal
immediately after a still video picture signal is recorded; and
FIGS. 9A-9D comprise a flow chart which is useful in understanding the
manner in which an audio signal is recorded after a still video picture
signal is played back by the adapter shown in FIG. 3.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 1, there is
illustrated one embodiment of a still video camera, referred to herein as
an electronic still camera, in which the present invention finds ready
application. Camera 1 is provided with an outer casing whose front portion
1A includes an aperture (not shown) through which a photographic lens may
be exposed to an external image or scene to be photographed. The front
portion also is provided with an electronic flash unit (not shown) to
irradiate the image. Another aperture in the front portion exposes an
objective lens to the image being photographed, this objective lens being
used by the user as a view finder 2 provided in rear portion IB of camera
1.
A photosensor (not shown) also is provided on the front portion of the
camera to sense the quantity of light emitted by the electronic flash.
When a proper amount of light is sensed, the flash unit is turned off. A
mode switch 14 is located on upper portion 1C of camera 2 and, in one
embodiment, is comprised of a rotary switch having several contacts, or
detents. Switch 14 is used to select a desired operating mode, such as a
power off mode, a single frame photographing mode or a continuous, or
successive frame photographing mode. In the power off mode, electrical
power is not supplied to the operating components of camera 1, thereby
placing the camera in an OFF state. In the single frame photographing
mode, only one image or frame is photographed in response to each
depression of a shutter release button 18. In the continuous photographing
mode, successive images are recorded while the shutter release button is
depressed.
Camera 1 also includes a cover 9 detachably mounted to the camera housing
on which shutter release button 18 is disposed. The shutter release button
includes first and second switches which are actuated sequentially when
the button is depressed. When shutter release button 1 is partially
depressed, the first switch is operated to supply electrical power to an
image sensor and to recording elements (such as a disk drive) included in
camera 1. When button 18 is depressed further, the second switch is
operated to carry out an image recording operation. Thus, the purpose of
the first switch is to establish a stand-by condition immediately before
the actual image recording operation is performed. This stand-by condition
conserves power, which is particularly helpful when the power source of
camera 1 is a battery.
Cover 9 shields a recess which is adapted to receive a rechargeable battery
pack or, alternatively, one or more primary batteries for supplying
electrical power to the operating components included within camera 1.
Top portion IC of camera 1 also is provided with a self-timer button 15
which cooperates with shutter release button 18 to carry out a time
delayed imaging operation. For example, if self-timer button 15 is
depressed and then shutter release button 18 also is depressed, a timed
picture taking operation is initiated.
Top portion 1C also is provided with a display 10 for displaying various
data to the user of camera 1. This display may be similar to many LCD
displays commonly found in conventional photographic cameras recently
introduced. Display 10 also provides information useful in the audio
recording operation which may be effected by the user of camera 1 after a
still video picture is recorded or after a previously recorded still
picture is displayed. Indications are provided by display 10 when, for
example, an audio signal which is in the process of being recorded or,
alternatively, which has been recorded, is erased. For example, a display
E may be provided to indicate this audio erasure. Still further, LCD
display 10 furnishes the user with a warning indication that only a
predetermined number of tracks remain on the recording disk (shown in FIG.
2) for recording video or audio signals.
An audible indicator switch 16 is provided on top portion 1C of camera 1
and is manually operable to enable or disable an audible indicator, such
as a buzzer. Switch 16 may be thought of as an ON/OFF switch which, when
set in its ON state enables the buzzer to issue audible warnings which, as
will be described below, indicate both the beginning of an audio recording
operation and the expiration of a preset interval during which audio
information may be recorded.
A switch 17 is illustrated adjacent ON/OFF switch 16 and is adapted, when
operated, to enable the recording of a video signal on the next available
(or "blank") track on the record disk of a still video picture.
Rear portion 1B of camera 1 is provided with an insertion port 6, formed as
a slit adapted to receive a magnetic disk cassette 7, shown in FIG. 2.
Cassette 7 preferably is embodied as a magnetic disk 41 housed within a
suitable jacket. The jacket is formed of a synthetic resin and, as
illustrated, exhibits a square, box-like shape. Magnetic disk 41 is
rotatably supported within the jacket and is adapted to be rotatably
driven by a suitable disk drive assembly disposed within camera 1. The
jacket includes a pair of apertures, only one of which is illustrated,
through which record/playback heads are inserted into magnetic contact
with disk 41. These apertures are covered by a slidable shutter which is
driven by elements included within camera 1 so as to slide to its opened
and closed positions.
An EJECT button 8 is provided on rear portion 1B and is adapted, when
operated, to eject cassette 7 from camera 1 through port 6.
A connector 5, such as a multi-pin socket, also is provided on rear portion
1B and is adapted to receive a connector cable for electrically connecting
camera 1 to an electronic playback adapter 21, shown in FIG. 3.
The camera also is provided with a built-in microphone 3 for recording
audio signals on disk 41 either immediately after a still video picture is
recorded or at some later time, such as when that video picture is
reproduced and displayed. As will be described, the audio signal which,
typically, is used to provide a narrative of a particular still picture on
a track, is recorded on a track associated with that in which the still
picture signal is recorded For example, a track adjacent a video picture
track may be reserved for the audio signal associated with that video
picture.
An external microphone jack 4 also is provided on rear portion 1B of camera
1 and is adapted to receive a plug from an external microphone. In one
embodiment, microphone jack 4 is mechanically connected to a microphone
selector switch such that, when a plug is inserted into this jack, the
switch couples audio signals derived from the external microphone to audio
signal recording circuitry. In the absence of this plug, the selector
switch couples the audio signals derived from built-in microphone 3 to the
audio recording circuitry.
Returning to top portion 1C of camera, additional switches 11, 12 and 13
are illustrated. Switch 11 functions as a selector switch to establish an
audio recording mode of operation. Preferably, switch 11 is formed as a
slide switch having three positions adapted to select three respective
modes of operation: muting, after-recording and simultaneous recording.
When switch 11 is set in the muting mode, audio signals are not recorded
on disk 41. When this switch is set to select the after-recording mode, an
audio signal may be recorded on disk 41, either by way of microphone 3 or
by way of an external microphone, at some time following the recording of
a still video picture This after-recording operation is carried out in
response to the actuation of switch 12, the latter functioning as a sound
recording switch. In a preferred embodiment, a predetermined time duration
is reserved for recording an audio signal; and in one example, this time
duration is equal to approximately 9.6 seconds. Thus, the audio signal to
be recorded may exhibit a time duration of not more than 9.6 seconds. As
will be described, the audio signal is time compressed by a factor of 640,
thus resulting in the compression of a 9.6 second audio signal to an
interval on the order of about 15 milliseconds.
If selector switch 11 is set to its simultaneous recording mode, the
aforementioned 9.6 second time duration during which an audio signal may
be recorded is initiated promptly following the completion of a video
recording operation. As will be described, in both the after-recording and
simultaneous recording modes, suitable warning indications are provided to
notify the user that an audio signal is about to be recorded, thus
suggesting that the user begin to talk.
Recording switch 12 preferably is constructed as a slide switch having a
projection 12A adapted to be moved by the user. A slide operation of
switch 12 is preferred because it requires conscious, deliberate effort by
the user, thus preventing, or at least minimizing, inadvertent or
erroneous operation. That is, a sound recording operation is not carried
out unless and until the user activates switch 12.
Switch 13 functions as a pushbutton switch and is adapted to initiate an
audio repeat operation. During a playback mode, that is, when previously
recorded audio information is played back from disk 41, the actuation of
switch 13 serves to repeat the playing back of the audio signal. In one
embodiment, the audio signal is repeated in response to each actuation of
switch 13. In another embodiment, a single actuation of this switch serves
to provide repeated reproduction of the audio signal until the switch is
pressed once again.
Switch 13 also functions as an auxiliary stand-by switch during a
picture-recording operation. That is, when camera 1 is conditioned to
record a still video picture, such as when it is not connected to a
playback adapter, the actuation of switch 13 performs an operation similar
to that of the partial depression of shutter release button 18. Thus,
actuation of switch 13 initiates the operation of the disk drive assembly
to rotate disk 41, and supplies electrical power to the image sensor and
recording elements included in camera 1. In this stand-by state, the
camera is conditioned to record a still picture signal immediately upon
the operation of shutter release button 18 because there is no need to
delay the recording operation so as to permit the rotation of disk 41 to
"come up to speed". Consequently, the sudden appearance of a photographic
opportunity may be seized immediately.
It should be noted that aforementioned mode switch 14 is operably associate
with selector switch 11 to the extent that if the mode switch is operated
to select a continuous photographing mode but selector switch 11 is
operated to establish a simultaneous audio recording mode, the continuous
photographing mode is overridden Rather, when selector switch 11 selects
the simultaneous recording mode, a single photographing mode is selected
notwithstanding the setting of mode switch 14 to the continuous
photographing position.
As mentioned above, camera I is adapted to be connected by way of connector
5 to a playback adapter of the type shown in FIG. 3. When connected to the
playback adapter, shutter release button 18 functions as a playback switch
which, when actuated, plays back a new frame of previously recorded still
video picture signal from disk 41. Thus, successive actuations of button
18 serve to play back successive still pictures.
Turning to FIG. 3, playback adapter 21 is illustrated as generally
rectangular having an outer casing which houses signal processing
circuitry. Adapter 21 includes a recess 22 adapted to receive a
rechargeable battery pack 23 or, alternatively, one or more primary
batteries for supplying electrical power to the signal processing
circuitry. A slide cover 24 slidably engages a groove formed on the casing
of adapter 21 and is adapted to cover recess 22 and battery 23.
A ledge is provided adjacent recess 22 on which are disposed various
selector buttons 31-37. These selector buttons include a frame feed
selector 31 which, when actuated, reproduces a new still picture signal
from disk 41. Thus, successive operation of selector button 31 serves to
reproduce successive still video pictures, one picture at a time. Selector
32 functions as a continuous selector button which, when operated,
reproduces a given still video picture for a predetermined period of time.
For example, when selector 32 is operated, a still video picture is
reproduced for five seconds.
Selector 33 functions as a STOP button, selector 34 operates as a REVERSE
button, selector 35 operates as a FORWARD button and selector 36 functions
as an ERASE button which, when operated, erases one still video picture
from disk 41. Hence, I successive actuations of ERASE button 36 serves to
erase the still video picture signals, one picture at a time. Finally,
selector 37 functions as an AUTOMATIC ERASE button which, when operated,
serves to erase all of the signals (both video and audio) which may be
recorded on disk 41.
As shown, selector buttons 31-37 are concealed when cover 24 slides to its
closed position.
A connecting cable 25 extends from end portion 21B of adapter 21 and
terminates in a plug 26 adapted to be inserted into socket 5 of camera 1.
Electrical connections between the camera and adapter furnish still video
picture signals and audio signals reproduced from disk 41 for display and
for audible sound reproduction.
Adapter 21 also includes an output terminal 27 disposed on side portion 21C
for supplying to an external monitor or television display picture signals
which are produced in response to still video picture signals played back
from disk 41 in camera 1. For example, adapter 21 includes signal
processing circuitry to supply NTSC signals to the monitor coupled to
terminal 27 so that a still image may be reproduced and displayed thereon.
Adapter 21 also includes a DC input terminal 28 adapted to receive a plug
30 of an AC adapter 29. When the AC adapter is connected to AC mains, it
produces and supplies DC power to playback adapter 21 by means of plug 30
and DC input terminal 28.
Turning now to FIGS. 4A and 4B, one embodiment of the electrical circuitry
which comprises camera 1 is illustrated. As shown particularly in FIG. 4B,
disk 41 is adapted to cooperate with a disk drive including a spindle
motor 42 which, when operated, rotates disk 41 to permit video and audio
signals to be recorded thereon and reproduced therefrom. A spindle servo
43 is coupled to spindle motor 42 and operates to control the rotation of
motor 42 in response to signals supplied to the spindle servo by a system
controller 48. Spindle servo 43 forms no part of the present invention per
se.
System controller 48 (FIG. 4A) may include a conventional microprocessor
and is responsive to the operation of switches 47, which represent the
various switches provided on camera 1. It will be seen that switches 47
include selector switch 11, after-recording switch 12, repeat switch 13,
mode selector switch 14, self-timer switch 15, ON/OFF switch 16, track
searching switch 17 and shutter release button I8. Depending upon which of
switches 47 is operated, system controller 48 controls the video and audio
recording and playback operation.
System controller 48 also is coupled to liquid crystal display 10 to
control the display of various warnings and other information, described
generally above. A buzzer 46, or other audible indicator, also is
connected to the system controller to provide audible warning indications,
as will be described below.
The system controller is coupled to selector switches 61, 63 and 64, all
shown in FIG. 4B, which operate as video/audio selectors. More
particularly, each of these selector switches is shown with a movable
contact adapted to be coupled to a terminal for recording a video signal,
or to a terminal b for recording an audio signal. Although
electromechanical switches are illustrated, it will be appreciated that
switches 61, 63 and 64 may be comprised of other conventional electronic
switching devices. In any event, system controller 48 is adapted to
produce a "video" select signal to dispose selector switches 61, 63 and 64
in their respective video select modes (i. e. each movable contact engages
terminal a), and to produce an "audio" select signal to dispose each of
these selector switches in its respective audio select mode (i. e. the
movable contact engages terminal b).
The system controller also is coupled to a record/playback selector switch
66 (FIG. 4B) which selectively couples a record/playback head 44 to
recording or playback circuitry, respectively. Selector switch 66 may be
similar to selector switches 61, 63 and 64 and is illustrated as having a
movable contact selectively engageable with a record terminal a or a
playback terminal b, depending upon the record/playback select signal
produced by system controller 48.
A video recording channel is comprised of a photodetector 49, which may be
formed as CCD or MOS devices adapted to generate electrical signals in
response to a light image focused thereon by means of a lens 50 and an
adjustable aperture 51, and a line sequencing processing circuit 54.
Circuit 54 is coupled to photodetector 49 by means of an amplifier 52 and
a signal processor 53. The line sequencing processing circuit functions to
generate red color difference signals (R-Y) and blue color difference
signals (B-Y) in successive (or sequential) horizontal line intervals. In
addition, a luminance component Y is produced by circuit 54 for each line
interval. The line sequential red and blue color difference signals (R-Y)
and (B-Y) are supplied to a frequency modulator 58 by means of a
pre-emphasis circuit 57. Similarly, the luminance component Y produced by
line sequencing processing circuit 54 is coupled to a frequency modulator
62 via selector switch 61 by means of a pre-emphasis circuit 60. Frequency
modulated color difference signals and frequency modulated luminance
signals are summed by a summing circuit 59 coupled to frequency modulator
58 and, by way of selector switch 63, to frequency modulator 62. The
summed FM color difference and luminance signals are supplied by selector
switch 64 and record/playback selector switch 66 to magnetic head 44 by
way of recording amplifier 65.
An audio recording channel is comprised of a microphone selector switch 81
which is adapted to couple built-in microphone 3 or an external microphone
83 (which may be connected to microphone jack 4) to a dynamic range
compressing circuit 87 (FIG. 4B). Selector switch 81 is schematically
illustrated as an electromechanical switch which may be operated by, for
example, the insertion of a microphone plug into jack 4. That is, when
external microphone 83 is not connected, switch 81 couples the built-in
microphone to the dynamic range compressor. However, when the external
microphone is coupled to jack 4, switch 81 is changed over to couple
external microphone 83 to dynamic range compressor 87. The condition of
switch 81 is sensed by a switch detector | | |
