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Description  |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention is related generally to ore separation processes and, more
particularly, to ore flotation processes which utilize collector agents
and the like.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In the mining industry, depletion of high-grade ore invariably results in
development of methods to utilize ore containing impurities and lower
concentrations of the desired mineral. Low-grade, impure ore is
concentrated and purified to meet commercial standards, through various
processes collectively referred to in the industry as "beneficiation". An
overriding concern, of course, is efficiency. Any such method must be
cost-effective and competitive with the recovery of naturally high-grade
ores.
The mining and purification of iron ore exemplifies this wide-spread
phenomenon. Typically, in one common beneficiation process, hematite,
magnetite, goethite, or martite-type ore is finely ground to liberate
undesirable mineral impurities referred to as "gangue". (Gangue, as found
in most iron ore deposits, is a siliceous material such as quartz, clay,
etc. and will hereinafter be referred to as silicates, the presence of
which adversely affect steel quality and the amount of slag by-product
generated in its manufacture.)
The ore or a concentrate thereof is then mixed with water to form a pulp,
which is transferred to a large flotation cell equipped with an agitator.
Air is introduced into and passed through the pulp. A frothing agent,
usually a low molecular weight alcohol, may be used. The froth formed is
skimmed-off or allowed to overflow. Undesired silicates float away with
the froth, leaving a purer ore concentrate for further processing.
In carrying out the flotation step, a collector agent capable of silicate
chelation is added to the pulp. Silicates wetted by the collector agent
are hydrophobic and have a surface active affinity for the froth formed.
Separation is achieved as the chelated silicates float with the froth to
the top of the flotation cell.
The search for an efficient, effective collector agent meeting the
requirements stated above has been an ongoing concern in the art. A host
of such agents have been developed over the years. While many have been
used with some success, most have been limited by poor water
dispersability and selectivity, high cost, and general ineffectiveness.
One approach, which has been used with some success, involves the use of
various cationic collector agents, including ether amines having the
general structural formula
R--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n NH.sub.2
where the R--O-- portion is derived from a mixture of linear and branched
C.sub.8 and C.sub.10 alcohols. Other ether amines have been prepared from
higher molecular weight linear and branched alcohols. Regardless, as a
matter of practicality and formulation, many such ether amines, as well as
their amine analogues, are at least partially neutralized (approximately
30%) with acetic acid, solely to improve water dispersability. (See U.S.
Pat. Nos. 4,319,987 and 4,422,928).
Other cationic collector agents used in ore flotation processes include
fatty amines, fatty beta-amines, various ether diamines (See U.S. Pat.
Nos. 3,363,758 and 3,404,165) and, more recently, blends of alkyl
amines/mono ether amines (See U.S. Pat. No. 4,168,227). Again,
neutralization (acetic acid) frequently is necessary to effect a
satisfactory degree of water dispersability.
However, the prior art has associated with it a number of significant
problems and deficiencies. Most are related to inadequate silicate
separation and result from the collector agents currently used.
A major problem is that collector agents of the prior art tend to have low
selectively. They chelate iron ore, in addition to silicates, removing the
iron with the froth. Loss of iron in this manner decreases
cost-effectiveness and makes the overall beneficiation process less
competitive. Furthermore, iron is entrained in the froth generated,
overflows of which result in additional loss of iron.
To counter low selectivity, flotation depressants are sometimes used to
inhibit iron chelation and prevent removal with silicate impurities.
Starch-type and synthetic depressants enhance iron recovery, but their use
is cost-prohibitive.
Collector agents of the prior art also act as emulsifiers, in that they
stabilize the froth generated. As a result receiving troughs, pumping
reservoirs, and other components experience overflow. Because the froth
does not collapse within a reasonable amount of time, severe material
handling problems arise.
Transfer of the froth between a series of flotation cells or to other
components of the beneficiation process becomes problematical as standard
pumping mechanisms are designed to move liquid rather than a gaseous
froth. Magnetic separators used to further process magnetite-type ore are
also adversely affected, as are tailing thickener operations.
Inefficiencies of this nature reduce production rates and increase the
overall costs of the beneficiation process.
The aforementioned overflow problems adversely effect plant safety and
maintenance. In some instances, redesign of the flotation process is
necessary also at great expense.
To compensate for the deficiencies of the prior art, defoamers and
collector agents are used in the flotation process. Typically, materials
such as silicones, fuel oils or kerosene, or fatty alcohols are added to
control the amount of froth produced. The real cost of the collector agent
is significantly higher when the price of a defoamer is considered. In
such cases, the flotation process must be redesigned to incorporate extra
pumping and monitoring components to accommodate use of a defoamer.
Furthermore, some defoamers, such as those mentioned above, are odiferous
and present numerous worker safety problems.
To circumvent some of the aforementioned concerns, less frothing agent may
be used in certain circumstances to decrease the amount of froth
generated. However, as a means of compensation, more collector agent is
usually employed. The problem then reverts to low selectively and loss of
iron ore, raising the overall production cost.
In summary, a considerable number of drawbacks and problems exist in the
art relating to the use of collector agents in ore flotation processes.
There is a need for an improved flotation aid composition.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved ore flotation aid
composition overcoming some of the problems and shortcomings of the prior
art.
Another object of this invention is to provide an improved ore flotation
aid composition for the beneficiation of mineral ores, particularly iron
ores.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved ore flotation aid
composition which is highly selective and significantly decreases the
amount of iron ore removed with unwanted silicates.
It is an object of this invention to provide an ore flotation aid
composition which obviates the need for costly flotation depressants, for
those processes in which such additives were previously necessary.
It is an object of this invention to provide an ore flotation aid
composition which modifies the froth generated in the flotation process,
preventing overflows, reducing plant maintenance, and increasing
production rates and cost-effectiveness of the overall beneficiation
process.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved ore flotation aid
composition which obviates the need for a separate defoamer used in
conjunction with a collector agent.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved ore flotation aid
composition which performs a defoamer function without the need to
incorporate extra pumping and monitoring components and without the worker
safety problems associated with the prior art.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved ore flotation aid
composition such that it is not necessary to decrease the amount of
frothing agent used and concomitantly increase the amount of collector
agent employed as a means of compensation.
It is an object of this invention to provide an improved method of ore
flotation such that silicates and the like are separated and froth is
controlled synergistically without the need for separate introduction of
additional of collector agent and defoamer.
These and other important objects will be apparent from the descriptions of
this invention which follow.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention includes an improved ore flotation aid composition and
method for use in ore separation processes, in particular, froth flotation
processes. It overcomes certain well-known problems and deficiencies of
the prior art, including those outlined above. An important aspect of this
invention is the synergistic nature of the composition, which when used
with the method of this invention, allow separation of silicate impurities
and the like from mineral ore, while modifying and/or suppressing the
froth generated by such processes.
In part, this invention is an ore flotation aid composition including (1) a
polyamine having the structural formula
R(NH.sub.2 R").sub.n NH.sub.n'
wherein R is a lipophile selected from the group consisting of
##STR1##
R' is an alkyl chain having 3-26 carbon atoms; R" is an hydrocarbon
fragment having 2-6 carbon atoms; a, b, and c are integers from 1-10; n is
an integer from 0-4; and n' is an integer from 2-3; and (2) a
fluorosubstituted organic compound present in an amount sufficient to
modify froth generated in the ore flotation process.
In preferred embodiments of this composition, the organic compound is a
fluorinated hydrocarbon, in particular, 1-fluoroheptane. In highly
preferred embodiments, the organic compound is a fluorosubstituted
carboxylic acid equivalent present in an amount to at least partially
neutralize the polyamine and modify the froth generated in the ore
flotation process.
In preferred embodiments, the degree of the polyamine neutralization is
0.1-100 mole percent. In highly preferred embodiments, the degree of
neutralization is 2-40 mole percent. The most preferred embodiment has a
degree of polyamine neutralization of 5-10 mole percent, wherein the acid
equivalent is trifluoroacetic acid.
The polyamine lipophile, irrespective of the organic compound component, is
preferably alkoxyalkyl. In preferred embodiments, the R' portion of the
alkoxyalkyl lipophile has 3-21 carbon atoms. The most preferred embodiment
of the composition of this invention is one where the alkoxyalkyl
lipophile has an R' portion of 13 carbon atoms, the acid equivalent is
trifluoroacetic acid, and the degree of polyamine neutralization is 5-10
mole percent, such that the flotation aid is
tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine trifluoroacetate.
Although all compositions of this invention perform as flotation aids,
certain embodiments are novel and unobvious without regard to use or
application. Such compounds have the structural formula
[R(NH.sub.2 R").sub.n NH.sub.n' ].sup.+Y Y(X.sup.-)
wherein R is a lipophile of the type
##STR2##
R' is an alkyl chain having 3-26 carbon atoms; R" is an hydrocarbon
fragment having 2-6 carbon atoms; a, b, and c are integers from 1-10; n is
an integer from 0-4; n' is an integer from 2-3; X is an anion selected
from the group consisting of fluorosubstituted carboxylates having 2-4
carbon atoms; and Y is an integer from 1-5 corresponding to the number of
anions and degree of neutralization of the alkoxylated ether polyamine.
The method of this invention comprises frothing an ore in an aqueous medium
in the presence of 0.01-1.00 pounds (per ton of crude ore) of a flotation
aid having the structural formula
[R(NH.sub.2 R").sub.n NH.sub.n' ].sup.+Y Y(X.sup.-)
wherein X is an anion selected from the group consisting of
fluorosubstituted carboxylates having 2-4 carbon atoms, and Y is an
integer from 1-5 corresponding to the number of anions and the degree of
polyamine neutralization. The remaining variables are defined as described
above. The flotation aid is present in an amount sufficient to separate
silicates and the like from ore and synergistically modify the froth
generated in the ore flotation process. In particular, the method of this
invention may be utilized when the ore is iron, including hematite,
magnetite, geothite, and/or martite-type ores.
With regard to the polyamine component of the flotation aid used with the
method of this invention, an alkoxyalkyl lipophile is preferred. Highly
preferred lipophiles are those with an R' portion of 3-21 carbon atoms. In
preferred embodiments of this method the percent. In highly preferred
embodiments, the degree of neutralization is 2-40 mole percent.
As described above, the most preferred embodiment of the method of this
invention utilizes a flotation aid wherein the polyamine component has an
alkoxyalkyl lipophile with an R' portion of 13 carbon atoms, the anion is
trifluoroacetate, and the degree of polyamine neutralization is 5-10 mole
percent, such that the flotation aid composition is
tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine trifluoroacetate.
An alternate embodiment of the method of this invention utilizes a mixture
of (1) a polyamine having the structural formula
R(NH.sub.2 R").sub.n NH.sub.n'
wherein each variable is defined as above, and (2) a fluorosubstituted
organic compound present in an amount sufficient to modify froth generated
in the ore flotation process.
The preferred and highly preferred embodiments of this alternate method may
be used with iron ore, in particular, iron ore of the type including
hematite, magnetite, geothite, and/or martite. Likewise, the preferred
polyamine used in the mixture with the method of this invention is one
where the lipophile is alkoxyalkyl, with an R' portion of 3-21 carbon
atoms. In highly preferred embodiments, the alkoxyalky lipophile has an R'
portion of 13 carbon atoms.
In preferred embodiments of the alternate method of this invention, the
fluorosubstituted organic compound is a hydrocarbon, 2-40 percent by
weight of the polyamine in the mixture. In highly preferred embodiments,
the hydrocarbon is 3-5 percent by weight of the polyamine. The most
preferred embodiment of this method uses a mixture of 1-fluoroheptane and
tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine.
As previously noted, fluorinated flotation aid compositions and methods for
using them in ore beneficiation processes, as revealed through this
invention, have certain advantages, most of which relate directly to the
presence of a fluorosubstituted organic moiety. Such flotation aids
exhibit excellent water dispersibility and selectivity. Compared to
collector agents of the prior art a reduced amount of iron ore is
entrained and removed with unwanted silicate impurities. In a synergistic
fashion, the flotation aids of this invention also promote beneficiation
by modifying the froth generated in the ore flotation process. These
attributes promote efficiency and higher ore yields in a manner not
otherwise obtainable.
Unlike collector agents of the prior art, which actually stabilize froth,
the fluorinated flotation aids modify and/or suppress the froth and
increase production rates. Less operation time is expended on plant
maintenance and related problems associated with froth overflows.
Furthermore, in the case of hematite iron ore, it may not be necessary to
use either starch-type or synthetic chelation depressants to enhance iron
recovery. In this manner, cost-effectiveness is enhanced and, in the case
of starch depressants, there is a reduced concern over the growth and
proliferation of bacteria or fungi.
Because the flotation aid compositions of this invention modify froth
reduced amounts of defoamer and collector agent are needed. In some
applications, use of a defoamer may not be necessary at all. Again, cost
is decreased and competitiveness enhanced. To the extent some
commonly-used defoamers are odiferous, worker safety and related problems
are also avoided.
As discussed above, the flotation aids of this invention are distinguished,
in part, by the presence of a fluorosubstituted organic moiety, either as
a mixture with a polyamine component, or as the anion of a polyamine salt.
(As defined herein, "polyamine" is used to describe that component of the
ore flotation aid containing the nitrogen functionality; consistant with
the structural scheme used, the "polyamine" is a monoamine when n=0.)
A variety of fluorosubstituted carboxylic acid equivalents may be utilized
to derive the preferred polyamine salts. The various
commercially-available fluorosubstituted acetic, propionic, and butyric
acids are useful, as are the analogous acid anhydrides, esters, halides,
and other such carboxylic acid equivalents. Trifluoroacetic acid is highly
preferred, in that it is readily available, economical, and easily
formulated. When used to neutralize a polyamine, it provides a flotation
aid composition with excellent water dispersability, chelation
selectivity, and froth suppressant properties.
Alternatively, with the same excellent results, the polyamines discussed
herein may be used in mixtures with other fluorosubstituted organic
compounds, in particular, higher molecular weight fluorohydrocarbons.
Typical of such preferred compounds is 1-fluoroheptane. Compounds with
lower molecular weights and boiling points tend to be too volatile for ore
flotation preocesses. Those with higher molecular weights tend to presnt
formulation difficulties. All are readily available through commercial
sources or may be prepared by well-known synthetic procedures.
Whether acid-neutralized or part of a mixture, the polyamine component of
the composition of this invention may be derived from a variety of fatty
precursors. Those having an alkoxyalkyl lipophile with a 3-26 carbon R'
portion provide excellent results when used with the flotation processes
discussed herein. The preferred alkoxyalkyl lipophiles are those with an
R' portion having a range of 3-21 carbon atoms, in any structural
configuration. Polyamines in which the R' portion approaches the higher
end of this range provide ore flotation aids with less than optimal water
dispersibility. The most preferred polyamine components include an
alkoxyalkyl lipophile with an R' portion of 13 carbons atoms.
Such polyamines, whether acid-neutralized or present in a mixture with a
fluorosubstituted organic compound, provide optimal water dispersablity,
selectivity, and defoamer characteristics. The polyamine alcohol
precursors may be reacted with alkylene oxides, including ethylene,
propylene, and butylene oxides, to provide a variety of polyamines. This,
along with a choice of fluorosubstituted organic compounds, allows
incorporation of a degree of structural and chemical flexibility into the
composition, which may be employed to alter or change any one of the
aforementioned properties. An ore flotation aid may be designed especially
for use with a given plant operation and ore composition to impart very
specific physical and chemical properties to the beneficiation process.
Certain of the preferred alkoxyalkyl mono- (PA) and diamines (DA), as well
as their trifluoroacetate derivatives are available from Exxon Chemical
Company, Tomah Products Division, of Milton, Wis. As stated above,
tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine trifluoroacetate (R' equals 13 carbon
atoms) is most preferred (DA-17 trifluoroacetate). Other polyamines
discussed herein may be prepared by procedures well-known to those skilled
in the art, or are available through various commercial sources.
The amount of the fluorosubstituted organic compound, in combination with a
polyamine, effective in providing the desired collector and defoamer
functions, is based on amount of polyamine utilized. For example, when
acid-neutralized, the degree of polyamine neutralization most preferred is
5-10 mole percent. Less neutralization of a given polyamine, typically
results in a lower degree of foam modification, although the collector
function may be unchanged. On the other hand, a higher degree of
neutralization, toward 40 mole percent, increases foam modification, but
the additional cost becomes prohibitive.
Likewise, the preferred mixtures in accordance with this invention contain
a fluorosubstituted hydrocarbon in an amount 3-5 percent by weight of the
polyamine. In a fashion similar to that described above, less than the
preferred amount of fluorosubstituted component generally decreases the
foam modification observed. Higher amounts are beneficial, but become
cost-prohibitive.
The amount of flotation aid composition used in the froth flotation methods
of this invention will vary and be dependent upon such factors as the type
of ore mined, the amount of mineral to be collected, the degree of
separation required, and most importantly, the chemical composition of the
flotation aid, itself. Generally, the amount of flotation aid employed
will range from 0.01-1.00 pounds per ton of crude ore. Additional
considerations include the type and amount of frothing agent used and the
degree to which the froth generated impedes a given ore flotation process.
For most applications, use of 0.2-0.3 pounds per ton of crude ore provides
excellent results.
Fluorinated compositions used in accordance with this invention would not
seem appropriate for use as ore flotation aids. Collector agents of the
prior art are acid-neutralized solely to enhance dispersibility in the
aqueous systems used. As explained, cost-efficiency and competitiveness
are prime considerations in any ore beneficiation. Typical organic and
inorganic acids are have been perferred as inexpensive sources of
protonation, where no other benefit is sought. These collector agents
serve only to chelate unwanted silicate impurities and the like, and it
would appear improbable that mixture or neutralization with a a relatively
expensive fluorosubstituted organic compound would impart any additional
benefit. The use of minor amounts of such compounds in combination with
polyamines of the type discussed herein is contrary to the state of the
art, and the excellent collector and defoamer characteristics obtained
were quite unexpected.
Furthermore, fluorosubstituted organic compounds of the type used in the
compositions and methods of this invention are widely thought of a
"specialty chemicals". They are of theoretical interest as means for
probing the effects of halogen-substitution in various molecular
structures. Others, like trifluoroacetic acid and its derivatives, are
used largely as analytic reagents or means for functional protection in
laboratory-scale synthetic procedures. These factors, coupled with the
relative cost factor, make it unobvious to use such fluorosubstituted
components in large-scale plant operations.
More particularly, alkoxylated ether polyamine fluorosubstituted
carboxylate salts, as described herein, are novel compounds in and of
themselves, without regard to use or application. Alkoxylated ether
polyamines, alone, are sparingly referenced in the prior art. For the
reasons discussed above, their reaction with fluorosubstituted carboxylic
acids and their equivalents, would be unobvious, as are the salts thus
derived. As with the other compositions of this invention, these compounds
are suitable for use as flotation aids.
While not wanting to be bound by theoretical considerations, it may be that
the fluorosubstituted organic compounds used in this invention interact
with the collector agent (polyamine) and water in some unexpected fashion
to impart favorable defoamer characteristics to the ore flotation aid
compositions. It is conjectured that introduction of such organic
compounds, either in mixture with or to neutralize a polyamine, reduce
water surface tension.
In such a way, a two-fold effect on the ore flotation process is achieved.
First, lower surface tension enables the silicate surface to be more
efficiently wetted, allowing more effective chelation to the polyamine
component of the composition. Secondly, lower surface tension at the
air/water/polyamine/silicate interface modifies froth formation such that
emulsification is retarded and the froth generated is less stable. Larger
micelles tend to entrain iron ore during flotation are inhibited,
resulting in improved overall iron yields without the process-related
problems associated with the prior art.
Preliminary tests indicated the flotation aid compositions of this
invention modify/suppress foam, in addition to performing the desired
chelation function. Initial data was obtained comparing foam suppression
achieved with tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine (DA-17) with various
acid-neutralized deratives. In all trials, 1 drop 45% KOH, 1 granule
commercial grade CaCl.sub.2, and one drop of amine (salt) were added to 50
ml of tap water, which was stirred magnetically for 30 seconds, to ensure
suspension of Ca(OH).sub.2. At the conclusion of stirring (t.sub.0) each
sample prepared in this manner exhibited a generous amount of surface
foam. Time and qualitative observations were recorded for each as to the
disappearance of foam, as shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
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Amine Acid (mole percent neutralization)
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Sample 1
DA-17 None
Remarks:
Amount of foam unchanged 30 and 60 seconds
after t.sub.o.
Approximately 90% of foam remaining 10 min
after t.sub.o.
Sample 2
DA-17 Acetic Acid (5%)
Remarks:
Amount of foam unchanged 30 and 60 seconds
after t.sub.o.
Approximately 85% of foam remaining 10 mm after
t.sub.o.
Sample 3
DA-17 Trifluoroacetic Acid (5%)
Remarks:
Trace amount of foam remaining 30 seconds after
t.sub.o.
No foam present 60 seconds after t.sub.o.
Sample 4
DA-17 Trifluoroacetic Acid (40%)
Remarks:
No foam present 30 seconds after t.sub.o.
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PREPARATION OF THE COMPOSITIONS
The preferred tridecoxypropylaminopropylamine trifluoroacetate may be
prepared by a variety of methods familiar to those skilled in the art.
Using one such synthetic method, tridecyl alcohol (commercially available
from Exxon Chemical Company) was cyanoethylated with acrylonitrile to form
the ether nitrile, which was catalytically reduced with hydrogen to give
the primary ether amine. Repeated cyanoethylation and catalytic
hydrogenation provided the desired diamine, a clear yellow liquid with a
combining weight of 144.2, corresponding to an average molecular weight of
288.
The diamine (28.2 grams) was mixed with 60 grams of water, before 5 mole
percent of trifluoroacetic acid was added with mixing. The exothermic
reaction resulted in a clear fluid solution of the diamine
trifluoroacetate. (At 5 mole percent neutralization, it is surmised that
the predominate neutralized species is the monotrifluoroacetate. As the
degree of neutralization is increased toward 40 mole percent the
predominate species becomes the ditrifluoroacetate.) Various other
flotation aids of the type disclosed herein are prepared in a similar
fashion. The compositions of this invention are distinguished by ease of
formulation.
Ethoxylated, propoxylated, or butoxylated analogs are prepared in a similar
fashion, beginning with the action of potassium hydroxide (approximately 5
grams) on the alcohol precursor. A molar excess of ethylene oxide,
propylene oxide, or butylene oxide, respectively, or a combination
thereof, is added to the reaction medium over a 2-hour period at
295.degree. F. and 50 psi. The resulting alkoxylated intermediate is
stripped under vacuum, cooled, and cyanoethylated, as indicated above,
without additional purification.
A number of factors must be considered when preparing compositions for use
in ore flotation processes, in accordance with this invention. The
concentration of silicate impurities, the type of iron ore, and even the
chemical composition of the processed water invariably have an affect on
the effectiveness of any flotation aid used. The compositions of this
invention incorporate a wide-range of structural and chemical flexibility.
A flotation aid may be designed to meet particular use criteria.
EXAMPLES OF THE INVENTION
Listed below are examples of compositions suitable for use as ore flotation
aids, in accordance with this invention. All may be used in amounts of
0.01-1.00 lbs per ton of crude ore, including hematite, magnetite,
goethite, and martite-type iron ores.
1. PA-14
(a) 2 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) 10 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(c) 50 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
2. PA-16
(a) 2 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) 10 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(c) 50 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
3. DA-14
(a) 5 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) 5 mole percent neutralized with heptafluorobutyric acid.
(c) 40 mole percent neutralized with heptafluorobutyric acid.
4. DA-17
(a) 5 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) alcohol precursor ethoxylated during preparation with 2 moles ethylene
oxide, and 40 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
5. CoCo Diamine
(a) 50 mole percent neutralized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride.
(b) alcohol precursor propoxylated during preparation with 5 moles
propylene oxide, and 2 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
6. Tallow Triamine
(a) 2 mole percent neutralized with pentafluoropropionic acid.
(b) 5 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(c) 40 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
7. Tallowamido Triamine
(a) 25 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) alcohol precursor ethoxylated and butoxylated during preparation with 2
moles of ethylene oxide and 10 moles of butylene oxide, respectively, and
5 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
8. DA-25
(a) 5 mole percent neutralized with heptafluorobutyric acid.
(b) alcohol precursor ethoxylated during preparation with 2 moles ethylene
oxide, and 10 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
9. PA-5
(a) 2 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid
(b) 5 mole percent neutralized with pentafluoropropionic anhydride.
10. DA-10
(a) 5 mole percent neutralized with pentafluoropropionic acid.
(b) alcohol precursor propoxylated during preparation with 3 moles
propylene oxide, and 10 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic
acid.
11. Dododecoxypropyl Pentaamine
(a) 40 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) alcohol precursor ethoxylated and butoxylated during preparation with 2
moles ethylene oxide and 3 moles butylene oxide, respectively, and 10 mole
percent neutralized with heptaflurobutyric anhydride.
12. Tallow Tetramine
(a) 2 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic anhydride.
13. PA-12,14
(a) 10 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
(b) alcohol precursor ethoxylated during preparation with 3 moles of
ethylene oxide, and 5 mole percent neutralized with trifluoroacetic acid.
14. Mixture of DA-17 and 1-fluoroheptane
(a) alcohol precursor of DA-17 ethoxylated during preparation with 2 moles
ethylene oxide.
15. Mixture of DA-14 and 1-fluorooctane
16. Mixture of PA-5 and 1-fluoroheptane
(a) alcohol precursor of PA-5 ethoxylated and propoxylated with 2 moles
ethylene oxide and 5 moles propylene oxide, respectively.
18. Cocoamido Triamine and 1-fluoroheptane
(a) alcohol precursor of the triamine ethoxylated and butoxylated with 2
moles of ethylene oxide and 10 moles of butylene oxide, respectively.
19. Coco Diamine and 1-fluorooctane
(a) alcohol precursor of the diamine propoxylated during preperation with 5
moles of propylene oxide.
While the principles of this invention have been described in connection
with specific embodiments, it should be understood clearly that these
descriptions are made only by way of example and are not intended to limit
the scope of the invention. For example, the flotation aid compositions
described herein may be prepared by post-addition of the fluorosubstituted
organic compound (either a fluorinated hydrocarbon or a fluorosubstituted
carboxylic acid equivalent) to a flotation cell already containing the
polyamine component. Likewise, while the compositions of this invention
have described only in connection with iron ore flotation processes, they
may be used with other techniques to separate various impurities from for
a variety of mineral ores.
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