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TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates to the entry of information into a computer from
both a keyboard and a mouse or other traversing control In each case the
entry is defined by the position of a cursor on a display. The cursor
designates a word or symbol which indicates the content of the entry made
with the cursor so located. The entry may be made by the keyboard or by
the mouse, and the entry may result in a different display. This invention
controls the content of the different display to improve the effectiveness
of combining entry by keyboard and mouse.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention a computer supports both keyboard entry
and mouse entry with a single cursor on the computer display. Computer
programs often use "menus" to call for control entries from the user. A
menu is a brief list of items displayed on the computer display, typically
a conventional cathode ray tube (CRT). The user selects one of the items
on the menu using an input device. The keyboard and mouse are the most
widely used of such input devices.
The internal, control program of the computer provides a cursor, which is
an emphasized area or a pointer. The cursor defines locations on the
screen corresponding to the selection information to be entered. The
cursor is often in the form of a highlighted rectangle that encloses a
symbol or item. The rectangle may be different color or brightness than
the surrounding space on the display.
In typical keyboard entry the cursor is moved by pressing keys which result
in the cursor simultaneously appearing at the next input word or symbol
and disappearing from the previous input word or symbol. The cursor thus
increments or "jumps." For example, arrow keys, one each for up, down,
right, and left, move the cursor one step up, down, right, and left
respectively with each activation. The tabulate (tab) key is also commonly
used to advance from one input symbol to another sequentially from
left-to-right with each activation, and from right-to-left when the tab
key is depressed simultaneously with shift key. Some keyboard control
programs respond to predetermined letters or groups of letters to relocate
the cursor on the display, typically while carrying out a command also
selected by the entry.
The mouse has become a popular input device in conjunction with a keyboard.
The mouse is a traversing device in that its movement causes the cursor to
move in a continuous path, thereby moving from one location on the display
to another while appearing on the display in a continuous series of
locations as it moves between the two locations. The mouse is also
represented by a cursor on the screen, often by an arrow so as to
emphasize the effective location of the cursor. (In video text
applications, the cursor is generally an emphasized rectangle.)
With a conventional mouse, the cursor is moved across the display by
sliding the mouse on the table surface. The cursor moves in a direction
and amount corresponding to those of the mouse. An entry is selected by
pointing the cursor at the display location defining that entry and
pressing a button on the mouse.
As perceived by users, the mouse cursor appears at any position on the
screen while the keyboard cursor appears only at entry symbols on the
screen. Secondly, a keyboard operating program typically repositions the
keyboard cursor after a transition between displays, such as from a main
menu to a submenu, while a mouse operating program does not reposition the
cursor on a transition of displays.
In accordance with this invention a single cursor, preferably an arrow, is
used for both keyboard and mouse entry, either of which may be employed
for most entries. In accordance with this invention, operator
disorientation and inconvenience is avoided by structuring the control
program of the computer to distinguish between a keyboard entry and a
mouse entry, and to reposition the cursor on transition of displays for a
keyboard entry and to not reposition the cursor on transition of displays
for mouse entry.
Information entry to a computer from both a keyboard or a mouse with the
result displayed by a single cursor is illustrated in various forms by the
following publications: IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin articles as
follows: "Keyboard/Mouse Adapter," Vol. 27, No. 5, Oct. 1984 at pp.
3042-3043; "Bimodal Mouse," Vol. 29, No. 1, June 1986 at pp. 421-422;
"Method For Concurrent Support Of Keyboard and Mouse," Vol. 30, No. 11,
April 1988 at p. 110; and "Novel Pointing Device and Cursor Control," Vol.
31, No. 5, Oct. 1988 at pp. 276-277; and Research Disclosure, entitled
"Compatible Mouse and Mouseless User Interface," April 1986, Number 264,
article 26411. U.S. Pat. No. 4,760,386 to Heath et al is of general
interest only in that it teaches combined keyboard and mouse entry in
which the mouse cursor is hidden during some functions to improve the
effectiveness of the display.
In many computer applications, a keyboard cursor and a mouse cursor appear
on the screen together. The two function independently. Thus, sliding the
mouse does not move the keyboard cursor, and pressing keyboard keys does
not move the mouse cursor. Having two such pointers on the screen together
is complicated since the user must learn how each pointer works and how
they interact. Users also make the mistake of trying to operate a given
pointer with the wrong device.
Hence, some software applications are known which combine the two pointers
into one pointer. The single pointer may be driven by both the mouse and
the keyboard. This avoids the complexity of having two pointers. The
problem with this approach is that the pointer always behaves like a mouse
pointer or like a keyboard pointer, regardless of which device is used for
input. The combined pointer is most commonly implemented as a keyboard
pointer which can also be moved by the mouse. This means that sliding the
mouse is the same as pressing the arrow keys. It never moves smoothly and
freely around the screen as the experienced mouse user would expect.
Moreover, the pointer jumps to a new position after a transition between
menus or other displays. The mouse user, this inconsistent with the way a
mouse pointer normally works.
It is also possible to implement the signal pointer as a mouse pointer
which can also be moved by the keyboard. The arrow keys move the pointer
in very small increments, causing it to glide in the desired direction.
This can be very awkward and inefficient. This method is only used in a
few "paint" programs and has limited effectiveness even for those.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
A computer system operates from a series of menu and other control displays
and provides both a keyboard and mouse, either of which may be operated
for entry at any time. Simplicity and ease of operation for inexperienced
users is improved by employing a single pointer-cursor which is shared by
both the keyboard and mouse. Moreover, consistency is achieved since other
software which will be operated by the same operator on the computer will
have the same response for either keyboard entry or mouse entry.
The control system of this computer therefore operates to recognize a mouse
entry as such and only move the cursor with the mouse, even on transition
of displays. The control system of this computer operates to recognize a
keyboard operation as such and move the cursor in increments or steps and
to reposition the cursor as appropriate on transition of displays.
This prevents disorientation of the machine operator, who typically will be
accustomed to the conventional responses of the cursor to the type of
entry made. Moreover, the computer will operate under application programs
which provide for both keyboard and mouse entry, but which operate the
display conventionally for each of those input devices. If the menu and
other control selection has a different cursor response from that of the
application program, a novice user will not be trained or conditioned to
use such programs. Still another advantage in not moving the cursor with a
mouse entry on display transition is that otherwise the mouse might have
to be picked up and moved bodily to reposition it at a place corresponding
to the cursor position on the new display.
To further simplify the response for the operator, a predetermined cursor
location is defined to which the cursor is moved when a keyboard operation
calls for cursor movement when the cursor is not operatively near a
display selection symbol. Specifically, this is to be the last effective
cursor location after a cursor movement by keyboard operation, and the
normal initial location for the cursor in a new display after transition
to a screen by mouse entry. The initial location normally is the top, left
selection symbol on the screen.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The details of this invention will be described in, connection with the
accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 illustrates the preferred computer
system, FIG. 2A illustrates an initial control screen display calling for
a selection with the cursor positioned for a selection;
FIG. 2B illustrates the screen after selection of the Information function
by keyboard; and
FIG. 2C illustrates the screen after selection of the same function by
mouse;
FIG. 3A illustrates the screen selected from the initial control screen
with the cursor positioned for selection;
FIG. 3B illustrates the screen after selections of the on-line assistance
function by keyboard; and
FIG. 3C illustrates the screen after selection of the same function by
mouse;
FIG. 4A illustrates an error message screen generated by the computer with
cursor positioned for cancel entry;
FIG. 4B illustrates the screen resulting from cancellation by keyboard
entry; and
FIG. 4C illustrates the screen resulting from cancellation by a mouse
entry;
FIG. 5A illustrates an submenu screen with cursor positioned to exit that
submenu;
FIG. 5B illustrates the screen resulting from exiting that screen by
keyboard entry; and
FIG. 5C illustrates the screen resulting from exiting that screen by mouse
entry;
FIG. 6A illustrates the initial control screen with the cursor positioned
on the selection of Personal Software;
FIG. 6B illustrates the screen, resulting from that selection by keyboard;
and
FIG. 6C illustrates the screen resulting from that selection by mouse;
FIG. 7A illustrates the screen selected by selecting Personal Software with
the cursor positioned to select SUBDIRC;
FIG. 7B illustrates the screen resulting from that selection by keyboard;
and
FIG. 7C illustrates the screen resulting from that selection by mouse;
FIG. 8A illustrates the screen selected by selecting SUBDIRC with the
cursor positioned to select PROGRAMX;
FIG. 8B illustrates the screen resulting from that selection by keyboard;
and
FIG. 8C illustrates the screen resulting from that selection by mouse; and
FIG. 9 is a logical or flow diagram illustrating the sequential operation
cursor positioning of the computer system;
FIG. 10 is a logical flow diagram illustrating the sequential operation of
entry monitoring of the computer system; and
FIG. 11 is a logical flow diagram illustrating the sequential operation of
operating code entry.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is illustrative of the preferred personal computer assembly in
accordance with this invention. This comprises a display 1, normally a CRT
producing images which are controlled by the system unit 3. System unit 3
may be basically a standard personal computer having an internal
microprocessor 5 (shown symbolically), internal read only memory (ROM) 7,
internal random access memory (RAM) 9, and a disk drive 11 which may be an
internal "hard" disk storing program and data code or may receive external
"floppy" disk storing program and data code, or both. Operating code
providing sequential controls of the computer system is by program code
embedded in ROM 7 and which may be supplemented by program code added
externally for a particular application to RAM 9. The details of such a
computer assembly and its sequential control are essentially well
established in the personal computer art and form no part of this
invention, and therefore are described only generally.
Two entry devices are employed to select certain operating code in this
computer assembly. One is mouse 13, which operates conventionally by
movement across the table 15 on which the mouse 13 and system unit 3 are
normally supported. As is conventional, movement of mouse 13 in any
direction moves a cursor 17 on display in a continuous path in the same
pattern as the movement of mouse 13. Entry from mouse 13 is by switch or
key 19 mounted on the mouse for convenient operation by the user of mouse
13.
The second entry device is keyboard 21, which for purposes of this
invention may be a conventional personal computer keyboard. It has a
number of alphabet and function keys, shown generally as 23, not used in
movement of cursor 17. It has arrow keys, key 25a, an up arrow key, key
25b, a down arrow key, key 25c a right arrow key, and key 25d a left arrow
key. Cursor 17 is moved one step in the direction of the arrow key 25a
through 25d with each activation of the arrow key 25a through 25d.
Keyboard 21 has a tab key 27, and each activation of tab key 27 will move
cursor 17 in a step from left-to-right to the next selection designation
on display 1 and from right-to-left when shift key 29 is also depressed,
this being deactivated by the system in a word processing application,
however, so that the tab key 27 will enter the usual typing function of
tabulate during text entry. Keyboard 21 has enter key 31 to activate a
selection designated by the location of cursor 17. All of the foregoing
may be entirely conventional with respect to keyboard entry.
FIG. 2A is a screen display appearing when this personal computer system is
turned on. It facilitates selection by an operator of the computer of
subsequent applications or functions. Thus, cursor 17 is positioned at the
selection symbol for one of the four broad categories of application and
functions on the screen display 1. These categories are Information: which
are Help, Bulletin Board, and Call-in Assistance applications; Personal
Software: which may operate any general-purpose application program
operable on the computer; utility software: which are programs routinely
kept with the computer, such a word processor, spreadsheet, and other
capabilities desired by most users; and Operating System: which offers
standard interaction directly with an operating system, such as the widely
used IBM DOS (disk operating system).
Cursor 17 may be positioned on or close to any of the four symbols for the
categories by conventional movement either by keyboard 21 or mouse 13.
When positioned on Information as shown in FIG. 2A, operation of the enter
key 31 on keyboard 21 causes the screen on display 1 shown in FIG. 2B
while operation of the mouse key 19 causes the screen shown in FIG. 2C.
These screens are a submenu, requiring another selection to initiate an
application. Where the entry was made by keyboard, the computer operating
system has repositioned cursor 17 concurrent with the new screen, so that
cursor 17 is located at the designation of the top application, On-line
Assistance.
The positioning of cursor 17 on On-line Assistance is the standard position
for the cursor after a keyboard selection of that submenu, since it is the
item highest in the screen which can be selected. To select one of the
others, a down arrow key 25b on the keyboard would be operated once to
step cursor 17 to bulletin board, and, for example, twice to step cursor
17 to PC help. Activation of enter key 31 then selects the application
selected.
The positioning of cursor 17 unmoved from FIG. 2A after mouse 13 selection
as shown in FIG. 2C does not facilitate immediate selection of one of the
listed applications. However, it is the position expected by the user from
the entry by mouse 13 and mouse 13 itself is positioned on table 15 at a
location corresponding to the unmoved location of the cursor 17. To select
any of the four applications by mouse 13, cursor 17 is moved to the
selected one and the entry key 19 on mouse 13 is activated. This is
equally true from the screen shown in FIG. 2B. In all instances, when
cursor 17 is not near any selection symbol, entry from closing either
mouse switch 19 or keyboard enter key 31 is rejected. In this system near
to a symbol is defined by the pointed end of cursor 17 being in a
rectangular area centered over the symbol with the boundaries spaced from
the symbol a small but visually discernible amount.
To maintain operation of keyboard 21 even though mouse 13 may bring cursor
17 to a location not possible by keyboard 21 entry, the control system, on
entry of a movement command by keyboard 21, as from an arrow key 25,
cursor 17 moves from the ineffective location to the last normal initial
location. Thus, the position of cursor 17 in FIG. 2A results from machine
start and is at the upper left. In the screen of FIG. 2C, cursor 17 is not
near any selection symbol (Information is not a selection symbol, but is
just a graphic for operator assistance). FIG. 2C is reached by transition
from the screen of FIG. 2A by an entry signal from mouse 13. Any keyboard
21 cursor-movement operation, as by tab key 27 or an arrow key 25 results
in cursor 17 jumping to be near On-line Assistance.
In the following discussions of FIG. 3 through FIG. 8 the responses and
function discussed with respect to FIG. 2 are the same except where
differences are indicated.
FIG. 3B illustrates the selection of On-line Assistance by keyboard 21 and
FIG. 3C illustrates the selection of On-line Assistance by mouse 13. The
central part of display 1 gives an instruction to insert a diskette, and
for the keyboard 21 selection cursor 17 goes to the OK function symbol,
which defines a start selection after the operator inserts the diskette.
The entry key 31 for keyboard 21 (or key 19 on mouse 13) is pressed with
cursor 17 on that symbol when the called-for diskette is in place and the
diskette is then responded to by the computer to conduct the program or
function stored on the inserted diskette. Cursor 17 in FIG. 3C from mouse
13 entry is unmoved from the previous screen of display 1 of FIG. 3A.
Keyboard 21 selection of a cursor-movement operation when the screen is
that of FIG. 3C would bring cursor 17 to OK, which is the normal initial
location for cursor 17.
FIG. 4 illustrates the cancel operation. The cancel function reverses the
selection of the current display 1 by returning to the immediate previous
display 1. FIG. 4B shows the result of selecting cancel by keyboard 21, in
which cursor 17 is repositioned on the recalled screen to the top
selection, On-line Assistance, the normal initial location of cursor 17 on
the recalled screen. FIG. 4C illustrates the result when Cancel is
selected by mouse 13, resulting in the Exit function symbol being at
cursor 17 only because it is located where the Cancel symbol was located
on the previous screen.
FIG. 5 illustrates the exit operation. The exit function reverses the
selection of the current display 1 by returning to the immediately
previous display 1. FIG. 5B shows the result of selecting Exit by keyboard
21, in which cursor 17 is repositioned on the recalled screen to the top,
left selection, Information, because that is the normal initial location
of cursor 17 from keyboard selection on the recalled screen. FIG. 5C
illustrates the result when exit is selected by mouse 13, cursor 17 being
in the lower right.
FIG. 6 illustrates the selection of personal software from the initial
screen, done by cursor 17 being on the Personal Software symbol of the
initial screen on display 1, shown in FIG. 6A. The result of selection by
keyboard 21 is shown in FIG. 6B. Cursor 17 automatically is over the
PROGRAMA, the top left program in a list of programs, because top-left is
the normal position from keyboard 1 selection. The directories are lists
of groups of programs specific to each individual user, and each may be
selected by moving cursor 17 over them and operating key 29 or key 19.
Cursor 17 in the screen of FIG. 6C is not effectively near any selection
symbol, but is within an area associated with a group selection symbols
associated with subdirectories. A cursor-movement operation by keyboard 21
is responded to by the control system computing the location of the
top-left selection symbol in the Directories area and moving the cursor to
that, which is SUBDIRA. (The details of such implementation form no part
of the claimed invention herein.)
FIG. 7 illustrates selecting SUBDIRC from the screen of FIG. 6B or 6C. FIG.
7B is by selection from keyboard 21, and cursor 17 therefore is at the
top, left program, PROGRAMX. FIG. 7C is by selection from mouse 13 and
cursor 17 remains at the lower left where it was in FIG. 7A. Any keyboard
21 cursor-movement operation next after entering the screen of FIG. 7C by
mouse 13, results in cursor 17 jumping to PROGRAMA.
FIG. 8 illustrates the selection of PROGRAMX such as by selection from the
screen of FIG. 7B. FIG. 8B shows the result of selection by keyboard 21.
Cursor 17 is automatically at the Start selection symbol, selection of
which starts the execution of the program designated PROGRAMX. Cursor 17
is moved by entries of tab key 27, the first bringing cursor 17 over the
exit symbol and the second bring cursor 17 back over the Start
designation. FIG. 8C shows the result of selection by mouse 13. Mouse 13
can be slid upward and left on table 15 to bring cursor 17 anywhere on
display 1, but only Start and Exit designation are active. The options
block receives alphanumeric text from keyboard 21, designated by a second
cursor 40. Arrow keys 25c and 25d are effective to move cursor 40. Typical
information entered will be the name previously given a file or "a:" to
select a diskette drive. The program is then run by selecting the Start
symbol with keyboard 21, key 31 or mouse 13, key 19. The screen of FIG. 8B
and 8C is left without running the program by similar selection of the
Exit symbol.
The sequence of internal operation to achieve the foregoing is shown
illustratively in FIG. 9, FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. Initiation is by action 40,
turning on the personal computer of FIG. 1 or by action 42, reception of a
return-to-system control signal from an application. Action 44 obtains,
from permanent storage, the initial location of cursor 17, which from PC
On 40 is the Information selection symbol as in FIG. 2A. The initial
cursor 17 location is obtained from storage such as by conventional table
look-up and preferably by storing that information with other information
unique to a particular display 1 screen. That location is stored in memory
46.
The system then begins to wait for a mouse 13 or keyboard 21 action. This
operation is shown in FIG. 10, with input 48 starting the subsequent
actions. Action 50 determines if an entry is from keyboard 21. If yes (or
true) action 52 reads the signal from keyboard 21. That is stored in
memory 54 and action 56, end input, signals action 58 of FIG. 9 that an
input is stored. Similarly a false conclusion by action 50 signals action
59 which determines if key 19 of mouse 13 is pressed. If yes, the fact of
mouse 13 entry is saved in memory, and end input 56 signals action 58 of
FIG. 9 that an input is stored. If false, the signal monitoring of input
48 is reinitiated without a signal to end input 56.
Returning to FIG. 9, after receipt of the key information from end input
56, logic 62 classifies the signal as an entry selection signal, a
keyboard 21 cursor-movement signal as by tab key 27, or other. These
signals, however, do not include cursor movement signal by mouse 13. A
standard mouse driver routine runs separately 14 and effectively
simultaneously (termed, in the background) with the operation of FIG. 9,
FIG. 10 and FIG. 11. This mouse driver moves cursor 17 on the display 1
when mouse 13 physically slides on table 15. Thus, save cursor location 46
is not changed when cursor 17 is moved by mouse 13.
After classification by logic 62, if the signal is an entry signal, it
activates the select sequence 64, shown in FIG. 11. Action 66 determines
if cursor 13 is near an item. If not, response 68, ignore input, is
effective to ignore the entry by signaling end select action 70. If true,
logic 72 determines if an application, function or the like has been
selected, as distinguished from a subsequent selection screen. If true,
running of the application is initiated by activating action 74, exit to
application. If false, action 76 displays the next screen (for example,
FIG. 2B is displayed upon selection from the screen of FIG. 2A). Logic 78
also determines if the entry was from keyboard 21. If true, action 80 sets
cursor 17 to the normal initial cursor 17,.location for that the new
screen the initial location being obtained from permanent storage, such as
by conventional table look-up and preferably by storing that information
with other information unique to that screen. If false, action 82
similarly obtains the normal initial cursor 17 location and revises memory
46 (FIG. 9) to contain that location. Both actions 80 and 82 then activate
end select 70. End select 70 returns the operation of FIG. 9 to the
waiting status of action 58.
When classify input 62 finds an input to be a keyboard 21 tab key 27 or
arrow key 25, action 84 determines if the cursor is close enough to a
selection symbol to designate it for selection. If true, action 86 moves
cursor 17 to the next symbol designated by the keyboard 21 key pressed,
such as one down for key 25b. If not true, cursor 17 is moved by action 88
to the location saved in memory 46. After actions 86 or 88 memory 46
stores the resulting cursor location (which, of course, is the same cursor
location for action 88, the revising being only for operating efficiency).
After the saving in memory 46, the operation is returned to the waiting
status of action 58.
Similarly, when classify input 62 finds the input to be other than a
selection entry or a keyboard cursor-movement signal, action 90 causes
that signal to be ignored, and operation is returned to the waiting status
of action 58.
Certain keys may operate independently of cursor position. In the preferred
embodiment an escape (ESC) key automatically selects Exit or Cancel, for
example Exit in FIG. 5A. In addition to tab key 27 and arrow key 25,
certain other keys may produce a cursor-movement signal. Modifications
within the spirit and scope of this invention are anticipated. Coverage is
sought as provided by law, with particular reference to the accompanying
claims. The response to a cursor not close to any symbol could be to
reject any input.
* * * * *
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