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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a golf distance tracking, club selection, and
player performance statistics device.
In the sport of golf, skillful playing is enhanced by the ability to judge
the distance to the flag pole, as well as to sand traps, water, or other
hazards, from the current position of the ball as one approaches the
green. Knowing this distance enables the player to choose the appropriate
club. Frequently, because the golfer has only an inaccurate knowledge of
the distance and is uninformed about his own past performance in a similar
circumstance, the golfer will over-club or under-club the shot.
Often, golfers on the fairway end up applying "body english" during the
stroke in a deliberate effort to modify the distance traveled by the ball.
This is called "pressing" and is generally motivated by the desire to
apply experience learned in other sports to the problem of fairway ranging
in golf, and it usually produces detrimental results. In contrast with
other sports, proper club selection rather than the amount of force
applied plays an important role in proper ranging on the golf course. In
other words, a properly taught golfer swings consistently and uniformly,
varying the distance by proper club selection only.
Both manual and automatic devices for assisting a player's performance on a
golf course have been known for quite some time. These generally include
range-finder type devices which are capable of measuring, with varying
degrees of accuracy, the distance to a given object, such as a flag pole.
Examples of such devices are disclosed in Kitay U.S. Pat. No. D247,452;
Hudak U.S. Pat. No. 3,907,288; and, Brucker U.S. Pat. No. 3,824,698. All
of these devices require that the flag pole be visible to the golfer from
the current position of the ball in order to be effective. That is, these
devices are not effective if the flag pole is not visible.
Many other prior art devices require the flag pole to act as a target of or
receiver for transmissions. That is, the flag pole is relied upon to
return a signal pulse for prior art distance sensing devices that use
sonar, laser, ultrasonic, or radio transmissions such as described in
Czajkowski U.S. Pat. No. 4,464,738; Shipp, et al., U.S. Pat. No. D268,910;
Lipschutz U.S. Pat. No. 4,574,378; and, Terry U.S. Pat. No. 4,910,717.
Still other prior art devices require the golfer to consult maps and to
make "on the spot" distance calculations such as described in Tattershal
U.S. Pat. No. 4,783,071 and May U.S. Pat. No. 4,419,655.
The prior art includes other expensive and complex devices such as devices
that are installed on golf carts which provide target and hazard distance
information updated every ten yards by using sensors installed below the
fairway turf. Further, various pocket-sized electronic devices are
available on the market which are capable of recording, manipulating, and
displaying golfer performance information. Nonetheless, these devices do
not provide any distance tracking capability.
A drawback to the golf distance tracking devices known in the art is that
none of the prior art devices provide, in an integrated way, all of the
following functions, namely: accurate, continuous tracking of the player's
position on the fairway and, thus, of the player-to-pin or
player-to-hazard distance; complete, long-term recording of individual
player performance; and an optimal club selection based on up-to-date
measured distance and performance data. Thus, there is a need in the art
for providing a single device that performs these functions. It,
therefore, is an object of this invention to provide a golf distance
tracking device wherein the flag pole does not need to be visible, neither
does the flag pole need to be equipped with special sensors or other
instruments to enable the distance measuring device to operate, and the
distance tracking device does not use any electromagnetic or acoustical
energy source in order to measure distance from target objects, thus
avoiding the need for costly certification of compliance with regulations
concerning energy-emitting devices.
SHORT STATEMENT OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the golf distance tracking, club selection, and player
performance statistics device of the present invention possesses the
desired requisites of measuring distance, recording player performance,
suggesting proper club selection based on distance and past performance,
and being relatively compact and capable of being carried on the fairway
attached to the golfer's belt or golf bag. The invention includes a
portable movement measuring system connected to a microprocessor. The
microprocessor is connected to a memory for the storage and retrieval of
data. Further, an input keypad and an output display device are connected
to the microprocessor. This portable device is used in conjunction with a
base system data base located in the club house. The base system data base
in the clubhouse is comprised of a microcomputer suitable for running
software that enables the long-term storage of all of the member player's
performance data as well as room for the storage and processing of the
topographical data of each golf hole required by the portable device to
compute a player's distance from each hole and hazard. Further, the golf
club base system provides the input/output capabilities needed to transfer
data between the base system and the portable device.
Once the topographical data and the individual player's data is downloaded
to the portable tracking device, the golfer aligns the device with an
orientation reference point on any suitable marked object. This
establishes a reference coordinate system. For each golf hole, the
portable device is provided with the cartesian coordinates, with respect
to the reference coordinate system, of important points along the fairway,
i.e. the hole, the hazards, etc.
A local coordinate system is then associated with the device in such a way
that the local x-axis and y-axis coincide with the axes of the movement
measuring device portion of the device. The movement measuring device
includes an accelerometer for measuring linear movement. As the golfer
moves along the fairway, the portable device continuously computes the
coordinates of the golfer, with respect to the reference coordinate
system, by integration of the linear acceleration values read from the
linear accelerometer. Instantaneous displacements with respect to the
local coordinate system are then converted to displacements with respect
to the reference coordinate system to account for differences. At any
time, therefore, the device can compute the distance of the golfer from
any significant point on the golf course whose coordinates have been
provided to the device and stored in its memory. Importantly, club
selection, the major problem faced by amateur golfers, can be compared
with past performance information, such as distance they hit with a three
iron. This should markedly speed up play as the distance to known hazards
and the hole become instantly known and club selection made easy.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will
become more fully apparent from the following detailed description of the
preferred embodiment, the appended claims and the accompanying drawings in
which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating the functional components of the
portable tracking device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of operation of
the invention with respect to the distance tracking function of the
device;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of a displacement computation of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a preferred embodiment of the portable golf
tracking device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a rear side view;
FIG. 6 is a screen display illustrating the display of the fairway with
hazards as seen on the portable golf tracking device;
FIG. 7 is a screen display illustrating the display of the green, putting
surface, as seen on the display screen;
FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the golf club base system of the present
invention;
FIG. 9 is a sample hole by hole report; and
FIG. 10 is a sample round summary.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated by way of
example in FIGS. 1-10. With specific reference to FIG. 1, a golf distance
tracking, club selection, and player performance statistics device 10 is
comprised of several functional elements. A movement measurer 12 is
provided. In a preferred embodiment, the movement measurer consists of a
biaxial linear accelerometer for measuring linear movements in two
orthogonal directions and an angular accelerometer for measuring the
angular rotation around a third direction orthogonal to said two
orthogonal directions. The movement measurer 12 is connected to a
microprocessor 14, known in the art, capable of performing logical and
arithmetical operations. Memory 16 is provided in the form of a random
access memory capable of storing golf course geometrical and topographical
data and player performance data. A keypad 18 allows user input and a
display device 20 is provided for presentation to the user of current
position and distance measurements, including distance traveled from tee,
distance to the green, distance to other hazards, etc., club selection,
past performance, and other data.
The principle of operation of the invention with respect to the distance
tracking function of movement measurer 12 can be better explained by
referring to FIG. 2. For each golf hole 22, a reference cartesian
coordinate system 24 is established by placing the device at tee 26 and
pointing it in the direction of an orientation reference point 28
somewhere on the fairway 30. The orientation reference point 28 can be any
visible object on the golf course, e.g. a tree, a rock, etc., on which a
visible mark has been made. Importantly, the orientation reference point
does not need to be the flag pin 32 at the green 34. The tee 26 becomes
the origin (0,0) 36 of the reference coordinate system 24 and the
imaginary line from the tee 26 to the orientation reference point 28
becomes the Y-axis 38 with associated reference X-axis 39.
For each golf hole 22, the invention is provided with the cartesian
coordinates, with respect to the reference coordinate system 24, of
important points on the fairway, e.g. the flag pole/hole 32, and any
notable hazard such as water 40, sand 42, or trees 44.
A local coordinate system 46 is associated with the invention in such a way
that the local X-axis 48 and local Y-axis 50 correspond with reference
X-axis 39 and reference Y-axis 38. As the golfer moves on the fairway 30,
the invention continuously computes the coordinates of the golfer with
respect to the reference coordinate system 24 by integration of the linear
acceleration values read from the two "on-board" linear accelerometers
within the movement measurer 12.
Instantaneous displacements with respect to the local coordinate system 46
are then converted to displacements with respect to the reference
coordinate system 24 to account for the rotation of the local X-axis 48
with respect to the reference X-axis 39. The rotation is continuously
computed, as more fully discussed in FIG. 3, by the device by integrating
the angular acceleration read from the on-board angular accelerometer.
At any time, therefore, the invention can compute the distance of the
golfer from any significant topographical feature on the golf hole 22
whose coordinates have been provided to the device and stored in its
memory 16. Referring to FIG. 2, for example, reference point 1 short of
water hazard 40, reference point 2 short of trees 44, reference point 5
short of trees 44, reference point 3 just beyond water hazard 40,
reference point 4 just before sand trap 42, reference point 6 just beyond
sand trap 42, and reference point 7 at the front edge of green 34, in
addition to the current hole placement for flag 32, can all be stored in
the device for use as distance references during play of the hole.
Referring now to FIG. 3, the displacement computation of the invention will
be illustrated. In FIG. 3 let:
(X, Y) be the reference coordinate system 24 when the player is at the tee
26;
(X', Y') be the local coordinate system 46 when the player is at a point P'
on the fairway 30;
Q(x', y') be the new position of the player after a small movement from
point P' to Q;
so that the vector q from P' to Q is given by:
q=dx' i'+dy'j'=dx i+dy j
where dx' and dy' are the displacements from P' measured by the
accelerometers of movement measurer 12 with axis parallel to X' and Y'
respectively, while dx and dy are the same displacements along the X and Y
axes, 39 and 38 respectively, of the reference coordinate system 24. Using
the relationships:
i'=i cos .theta.+j sin .theta.
j'=j cos .theta.-i sin .theta.
one obtains:
dx=dx' cos .theta.-dy' sin .theta.
dy=dx' sin .theta.-dy' cos .theta.
where .theta. is the angle between the X' axis 48 and the X axis 39 of the
local and reference coordinate systems 24 and 46 respectively.
Referring now to FIGS. 4 and 5, a representation of the portable golf
distance tracking, club selection, and player performance statistics
device 10 of the invention is illustrated. In a preferred embodiment,
device 10 has measurements of approximately a width 52 of three inches, a
length 56 of five inches, and a thickness 58 of one inch. In this
embodiment, keypad is rotatably attached to display device 20 so that
display device 20 can be folded up as is known in the art for lap top
computers, checkbooks, calculators, etc. Keyboard 18 includes cursor
director device 60 and other obvious data entry keys such as distance to
the hole at any time 62, distance to hazard 64, etc. Cursor 60 provides
distance information wherever it is positioned on the displayed fairway or
green
Referring now to FIG. 5, portable device 10 includes serial link 66 and
on/off, load, save switch 68.
Referring now to FIG. 6, a fairway display is shown on display device 20
for golf hole 22. In this instance, the entire hole is laid out from tee
26 to flag pin/hole 32. The user initiates the use of the device by
observing the information provided on display 20 including the hole
number, in this case number two; the distance from the middle of tee box
26 to the middle of the green, 185 yards; par and hole handicap. Other
important information is also provided. For example, the actual distance
from the hole on the day played, 184 yards from the current tee location
to the actual flag position; the distance to hazard number one, 135 yards;
and, the distance that the player hit the ball from the tee, 179 yards. In
this instance, the device also recommends a club based on the player's
last performance at this distance, in this case a six iron, and the user
enters the actual club used for future reference.
FIG. 7 shows an enlarged view of green number three with the relevant
general information provided for that particular hole as well.
Referring now to FIG. 8, the golf club base system 70 of the invention is
illustrated. The base system 70 serves several purposes for the use of the
portable device 10 of the invention. The base system 70 provides the
long-term storage for every club member's performance data. This
information is stored in the player performance data base. Further, the
base system 70 provides the needed storage and processing capabilities for
creating and maintaining each golf hole's topographical data required by
the portable device 10 of the invention to compute the player's distance
from the hole 32 and any hazards. This data is stored in the golf course
data bank. Further, the golf club base system 70 provides the input/output
capabilities needed to transfer data between the base system 70 to the
portable device 10 through serial link 66 as well as between the base
system 70 and a personal laser card device 72.
The golf club base system 70 consists of the following functional
components: processing unit 74; display and input devices 76; internal
storage devices, known in the art not shown, 78; communication device 80,
including a serial port, not shown, for downloading/uploading to/from the
portable device 10; and, hard copy device 82. Processing unit 74, in a
preferred embodiment, is comprised of a twenty-five MHz 80386 based
microcomputer with three MBytes dram memory. The microcomputer must be
suitable for running windows 3.1 software, a data base management system,
and graphics applications. The display and input devices 76 of a preferred
embodiment of the invention include a VGA color monitor, keyboard, and
mouse. The monitor and associated display controller have color graphics
capabilities for displaying the topographical layout of a golf course.
Internal storage devices 78 include a one hundred and ten Mbytes hard
disc, three and one-half inch floppy drive, laser card reader/writer, and
a laser card reader/writer drive. The hard disc stores the operating
system, the application software, and the data base file. The laser card
drive is capable of reading and/or updating player's data recorded upon
the personal laser card. Hard copy device 82 is, in the preferred
embodiment, comprised of a color printer.
The golf course data bank is used to store the following information for
each hole of the golf course: 1) hole outline, which is used for display
on the portable device 10 and for determining fairway boundaries; 2) green
outline, used for display on the portable device 10; 3) hazards outline,
used for display on the portable device 10; and, 4) coordinates of each
hole and hazard, with respect to the reference coordinate system 24.
A player performance data base is also created and maintained on the golf
club base system 70. This data base holds the following information at
minimum, in the preferred embodiment, on each club member player: 1)
player name; 2) player address; 3) membership ID; 4) fairway's hit
(driving accuracy); 5) greens in regulation; 6) up and down (sand saves,
two strokes or less); 7) penalty strokes; 8) par breakers (percentage per
year); 9) number of eagles; 10) number of birdies; 11) scoring average;
12) handicap (current); and 13) club selection parameters.
During the operation of the device, the data base information relative to a
player's performance is updated each time the performance data collected
by the portable device 10 is uploaded to the base system 70 at the end of
a round of play.
The club selection parameters, previously mentioned, are continuously
updated based on the player's most recent performance, and are downloaded
from the base system 70 to the player's portable device 10 to provide for,
among other things, automatic club selection recommendations on the golf
course.
Further, the player performance information can also be recorded on the
personal laser card device card (not shown) so that this information can
be used at other clubs using the club base system 70.
Suitable data base management software is provided with the base system 70
to support the following functions: data base updating; data query;
reporting; and, data exchange with laser card personal card device 72 and
portable device 10. As previously stated, the base system 70 communicates
with portable device 10 via a serial link 66 in portable device 10 and
serial port 80 in golf base system 70. Data can be exchanged in both
directions.
In the preferred embodiment, the player's performance personal records are
maintained on the club base system 70. However, in order to permit the use
of the player's performance data on different golf courses, this data can
be recorded on the player's personal card associated with personal laser
card device 72. The personal card is the same size as a credit card. The
data is recorded on the personal card by means of a process such as the
one used for optical laser discs. The portable card is not erasable.
Commercially available personal cards have a storage capacity of two
million characters, equivalent to an eight hundred page book.
By utilization of the present invention, various reports can be generated
from the information stored in the player performance data base of golf
club base system 70. The main ones are the hole by hole report and the
round summary. Referring now to FIG. 9, the hole by hole report contains
the following data: club name; player name; membership ID; date; hole
number; hole par number; tee to hole distance; for each stroke, club used,
distance hit; total putts; total score; and penalty strokes. As shown in
FIG. 10, the round summary report contains the following data: club name;
player name; membership ID; date; total and average putts; total fairways
in regulation; total green in regulation; total score; handicap; and, net
score.
With regard to movement measurer 12, a wide variety of accelerometers are
available for use in the invention. The following parameters must be
considered when selecting an accelerometer for the invention: a) frequency
range; b) minimum and maximum acceleration levels to be measured; c)
sensitivity; d) temperature range; and, e) physical space and weight. The
usable frequency range and acceleration range are inversely proportional
to the sensitivity. The accelerometer maximum frequency should be at one
hundred and twenty percent of the application's maximum frequency.
The minimum measurable acceleration is limited by the
accelerometer/amplifier system's quiescent noise. The analog output of the
lowest measured acceleration should be at least three times the system
quiescent noise. The accelerometer's maximum acceleration should be at
least one hundred and thirty percent of the maximum acceleration
anticipated in the application. This protects against spikes and increases
the useful life of the device.
Further, the thermal sensitive shift of the accelerometer should be less
than plus or minus ten percent of the reading over the operating
temperature range when the measure frequency is ten percent or less of the
transducer's natural frequency. Finally, a miniature accelerometer with a
compact, light-weight design and adhesive mounting should be used in the
portable device 10 of the present invention.
In the operation, a player (not shown) checks out a portable device 10 from
a golf club with a golf club base system 70. The golf club base system 70
downloads the most recent topographical data, in particular, pin
placement, course coordinates, and personal performance statistics of the
individual player to portable device 10. The player then proceeds to the
number one tee 26 and orients the hand held device by pointing it in the
direction of orientation reference point 28. Player then keys in the hole
number, one, and gets a view of the entire hole on display device 20.
Player then can determine the distance from tee 76 to any hazard
identified on the screen. Once the distances have been accurately
determined, the player can refer to portable device 10 for past
performance and recommended club selection. A club is selected and that
data is entered into the device and the portable device is then replaced
on the golf bag or attached to the belt. After hitting the golf ball,
player moves to the ball. At any point during his travel to his ball, he
can utilize the system to determine distances to hazards since the
updating of the local reference system to the reference coordinate system
is continuous. Typically, however, the portable device 10 would be used
next once the player had arrived to the position of his ball. At that
point, portable device 10 is referenced and the display screen is chosen
that is appropriate. If the player is still in the fairway, the view of
the entire course is utilized to determine what hazard next lies ahead of
the golfer and the distance thereto, or to the green, if that is
appropriate. Any measurement desired can be obtained, however. Again, the
device illustrates past performance and recommends club selection. A club
is selected, the data is entered, and the ball is struck again. Assuming
the player has reached the green, the device is next used to show the
exploded view of the green only, for information of distance to the hole
from the position of the ball on the green. The total number of strokes,
including putts, utilized to finish the hole is entered and the player
proceeds to the number two tee.
Upon completion of a round of golf, the player returns portable device 10
to the golf club. At the golf club, the information collected by the
portable device 10 concerning the particulars of the round just played are
uploaded to the golf club base system 70. That information then is
assimilated with past performance stored on the base system 70 for a
current evaluation of the player's performance. The player then has only
to turn in portable device 10 for use on another day.
Should the player be going to another golf course utilizing the golf club
base system 70 and wish to take his personal performance data with him,
that can be done by means of the personal laser card device 72. A personal
laser card is provided to player .containing personal player performance
data on the card. This card is then taken to another course which offers
the golf club base system 70. The golf club base system 70 of that
particular course transfers the information from personal card device 72
to the base system's data base. Then a portable device 10 is loaded with
information of that particular course and the player proceeds to play a
round of golf as previously described.
While the golf club statistics and selection device of the present
invention has been disclosed in connection with golf courses only, it
should be appreciated that the movement measuring advantages of the device
can be used in any system where the coordinates of relevant objects have
been predetermined. That is, the device could be easily used for private
hunting preserves to determine distances to shelters, food caches, etc.
Further, while the present invention has been disclosed in connection with
the preferred embodiment thereof, it should be understood that there may
be other embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the
invention as defined by the following claims.
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