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Description  |
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TECHNICAL FIELD
This invention relates generally to radio communication systems, and more
specifically, to radio communications systems using digital signal
processing (DSP) and voice control.
BACKGROUND
As portable radios decrease in size, and increase in the number of
available options, it becomes more difficult to supply sufficient keyboard
and display functions due to size, cost, complexity, and current drain. An
alternate method that could use a smaller keypad, but still control and
increasing number of options would thus be desirable. A voice recognition
system could accomplish this control with a minimal keypad, but it would
require complicated digital signal processing circuitry that is expensive,
and consumes significant amounts of current, both highly undesirable in a
portable radio. Accordingly, a need exists for a voice-controlled portable
radio that avoids the detriments of the prior art.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, in accordance with the invention, a portable communication device
is controlled by voice recognition circuitry remote from the portable
communication device. The portable communication device includes means for
transmitting a signal representing voice commands. The remote circuitry
produces control signals, responsive to the signal representing voice
commands, for controlling the portable communication device. Thus, a
voice-operated portable communication device is provided that overcomes
the detriments of the prior art.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a vehicular repeater system in accordance with
the invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of another communication system in accordance
with the invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a further communication system in accordance
with the invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a portable radio communication device in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 5 is a functional block diagram of a communication system in
accordance with the invention.
FIG. 6 is block diagram of a base station repeater in accordance with the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a vehicular repeater system in
accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The system
comprises a portable radio 10, a voice-controlled mobile repeater unit 12
and a base 14. In this embodiment, the voice recognition circuitry is in a
voice recognizer 20 located in the mobile repeater unit 12. The mobile
repeater unit also comprises a mobile radio transceiver 18, an auxiliary
transceiver 16, and a microprocessor controller 22. Signals are
transmitted by the portable radio 10, received by the vehicular repeater
unit 12, and repeated to the base station 14.
Access to the voice recognizer 20 is accomplished over the normal
transmission of the portable 10. In accordance with the invention, a user
of the portable 10 utters voice commands and the portable transmits a
representation of the voice commands, i.e., voice-modulated or digitally
coded voice signals. If the portable 10 uses a digital vocoder, the
parametric representation is the digitally-coded speech. Speech coding
parameters are well-known in the art, examples of which are found in L. R.
Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Signals,
Prentice-Hall, 1978, at Chapters 6-8. Digitally coded speech often uses
linear predictive coding (LPC) parameters, which are also used in speech
recognition. See L. R. Rabiner and S. E. Levinson, "Isolated and Connected
Word Recognition--Theory and Selected Applications," IEEE Transactions On
Communications, Vol. Com.-29, May 1981, at pp. 621-659. Therefore, a
recognizer receiving digitally coded speech does not extract features, but
can obtain them directly from the encoded speech.
A radio-frequency (RF) link is preferred for sending the commands and data
back and forth from the mobile unit 12 to the portable 10. Thus, the
parametric representation of commands that are given in a voice message
from the user of the portable unit 10 will be received by the mobile
repeater unit 12 and "recognized" as command words. The mobile repeater
unit 12 then interprets the command and sends an acknowledgement of the
command and a data/control message back to the portable 10, in response to
the voice command.
In the vehicular repeater system, the voice recognizer 20 would accept
speech input from two sources: a microphone in the vehicle and from the
portable (through the repeater's auxiliary transceiver 16). Thus, the
portable radio user can control the mobile radio transceiver 18 while in
the vehicle (i.e., using the microphone), or through the portable 10,
while outside of the vehicle. The state of the mobile repeater unit 12
could be sent to the portable 10 with synthesized voice and subaudible
signalling, or a data packet could be sent to update or control the
portable 10. When the portable 10 talks to the mobile repeater unit 12,
different subaudible signals could differentiate the voice commands from
normal conversation.
Referring to FIG. 2, the portable radio 104 operates as a talk/listen radio
to the base 108, and includes added capabilities for exchanging data,
voice and control signals with the voice recognizer 102. A remote portable
104 sends voice to the base 108 and voice commands to the recognizer 102.
A connection using any of several communication media such as RF, fiber
optic, or hard-wired connection may be made between the base 108 and
remote recognizer 102. Thus, if desired, information may be transferred
between the base 108 and the recognizer 102. Different subaudible signals
could differentiate the voice commands from normal conversation. The voice
recognizer 102 determines the voice commands given through the portable
104, and sends back the necessary control signals to effect the control in
the portable 104. Through this pairing, voice control of the portable 104
(or any unit connected to the recognizer or portable) is possible without
the need of voice control circuitry in the portable 104 itself, requiring
almost no additional complexity in the portable 104, A simple
microprocessor in the portable 104 would be able to decode data packets,
and execute the required control functions. Several portables could be
serviced by a single remote recognizer.
Referring to FIG. 3, in a third possible embodiment, a voice recognizer 206
is coupled to a base station 202 via a microprocessor 204. In this
embodiment, both the base 202 and the portable 200 can be remotely
controlled by voice commands. The same control/data packets will be
required from the base 202 as were required from the remote voice
recognizer 102 in the previous embodiment. However, if the status of the
base 202 is altered, some additional acknowledgements/data may be needed
to inform the user of the change.
A further benefit obtained by placing the voice recognizer 102 in or near
the base 202 is that the voice recognizer 206 can now be shared by
multiple remote units over the entire coverage range of the base station
202. If the incoming voice commands are coded with the identity of the
sender, then control sequences can be sent back to that individual sender.
Thus, the recognition circuitry can be used at maximal efficiency. Fleet
management functions could also provide control for a pre-defined group or
fleet of portables.
Referring to FIG. 4, there is shown a block diagram of a portable radio
communication device 300, in accordance with the invention. When the
portable radio communication device 300 is in the receive mode, the
transmit/receive switch 302 connects the antenna to a receiver section 304
which converts the received RF signals to either intermediate frequency
(IF) or audio frequency signals. The output of the receiver section 304 is
provided to an anti-aliasing filter 306 for filtering out of frequencies
outside the desired sampling range. An analog-to-digital converter 308
converts the analog output of the anti-aliasing filter 306 to a digital
signal suitable for processing by a digital signal processor
(DSP)/controller 310. The DSP/controller 310 performs the desired
processing of the received signals. The received signals may include both
a data component and a non-data component (e.g., conversation). In the
event that the data portion includes control signals, the appropriate
control signals are are decoded and implemented in the portable 10. The
non-command information received is presented to the user of the portable
by converting the processed signal to analog form with a digital-to-analog
converter 314. The signal is filtered (316) to remove undesired
components, and amplified (318) and converted to sound by the speaker.
There are two sub-modes in the transmit mode: a first sub-mode is triggered
by activating a push-to-talk (PTT) switch 346, and the second mode is
triggered by activating a push-to-recognize (PTR) switch 348. The two
user-activated switches 346 and 348 are coupled to the DSP/controller 310
to place the portable 300 in the desired mode. The second mode is a voice
recognition mode that can be added to a portable to enhance voice
recognition operation. The second mode can also (alternatively) be
activated remotely using control of the voice recognition unit by
providing for continuous recognition of the signals transmitted by the
portable, to trigger the voice command recognition mode.
In the voice command recognition mode (or PTR) mode, the portable is in a
mode whereby the DSP and controller 310 "knows" that it is receiving voice
commands, and accordingly may use a faster sampling rate so that
additional processing may be done on the voice command signals. Since the
controller knows that a command word is being uttered, it may implement a
different sampling rate to obtain voice samples and perhaps a different
coding scheme to transmit the command word to the base. This coding scheme
need not require transmission of the command words in "real time." By
processing the command words differently than regular speech, the fidelity
of the utterance can be preserved, thus producing a better recognition
decision. The use of the push-to-recognize switch 348 also eliminates the
need for the speech recognition apparatus to identify command signals.
In the PTT mode, the portable receives voice from the microphone 344 for
voice conversation as in a normal push to talk radio. The voice is
amplified by a pre-amplifier 326 and applied to an anti-aliasing filter
324. The filtered output of the anti-aliasing filter 324 is applied to an
A/D converter 322, and the resulting digital signal is applied to the
DSP/Controller 310 for processing. The DSP/Controller 310 applies the
processed signals to a D/A converter 342 for conversion to analog form.
The output of the D/A converter 342 is applied to a reconstruction filter
340 for removing artifacts (e.g., transients) resulting from the D/A
conversion. The resulting signal is applied to a modulation section 338.
The modulated signal is amplified by a power amplifier 336, and filtered
by filter 334 before transmission.
The DSP/controller 310 may be a known DSP integrated circuit alone or
combined with a conventional microprocessor, controlled by software to
extract speech recognition features from the sampled speech. In the PTR
mode, the DSP and controller 310 produces a parametric representation of
the voice commands (e.g., by extracting speech recognition features from
the speech received from the user of the portable 10) from the microphone
344. The parametric representation of the voice commands is then applied
to a modulator 338 through a data filter 328. The modulator 338 could use
any form of modulation (e.g., A.M., F.M., or quadrature AM modulation,
i.e., QAM). The resulting modulated signal is applied to the power
amplifier 336 for amplification to a level suitable for over-the-air
transmission. The resulting amplified signal is filtered at a transmit
filter for removal of undesired harmonics from the RF signal to be
transmitted.
The PTR switch could enable the addition of tone coded squelch or digital
coded squelch signals to the modulation section 338 via the data filter
328 to both identify and differentiate the two transmit modes. In this
way, the receiving unit would know when to repeat the voice message or
when to look for a voice command. The PTT and the PTR would use different
tones or codes to differentiate between them.
The addition of the second transmit mode is an improvement to the basic
idea. This would add three important improvements to the communication
systems shown in the previous figures.
First, it would limit the recognizer to verbal inputs that were strictly
commands. This way, normal verbal messages used in communication to other
people would not cause an improper response from the recognizer if it
happened to sound similar to a voice command. In fact, the portable could
be simplified from those of today while providing new enhanced features.
Second, the voice commands that were give to control the unit would not be
broadcast to others listening to the radio system.
Third, the voice commands could be processed differently, in the portable
and at the base, from normal conversation to improve the remote
recognition accuracy.
In the case of the Mobile Repeater, the recognizer built into the mobile
radio would normally be used to control the mobile when the user was in
the car. Since the car and the mobile microphone have certain acoustical
properties, the recognizer will be designed for this case. Now when the
portable is used outside the car to operate the mobile radio, the
activation of the PTR switch during the issuance of verbal commands will
allow the mobile recognizer to adjust various parameters of the voice
recognition system to enhance the recognition of the detected RF signal
containing the voice of the remote user. This allows the frequency
response of the portable to be taken into account in the recognition
process.
Adding a Voice Synthesizer to the remote recognizer unit will allow the
acknowledgements to voice commands to be made verbally. In this way the
user could request a status of what channel is being used or receive a
verbal acknowledgement to channel changes etc. In this approach, a display
may not be needed.
The portable could be used for the repeater case as a wireless control head
while inside the car. In this case it would be desirable to avoid
transmitting inside the vehicle and perhaps overdriving the nearby
receiver. Further, if considered that there would only be a limited number
of frequencies for the portable to mobile link, it would seem to be
undesirable to have people inside cars using up these links. By using an
Infra-Red channel, the battery could be saved from the normal current
drain of the portable transmitter if the infra-red transmit power is lower
than the RF transmit power. If the IR link between the portable and the
mobile interface were to fail, the RF transmission could be resumed. If
desired, an ultra-sonic link could be used as an added method of
communication between the portable and the mobile unit inside the car.
Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a functional block diagram of a
simplified communication system 400 in accordance with of the invention. A
portable radio 402 is similar to portable radio 300 but simplified in that
there are no DSP or A/D converters. A base station repeater 430 includes
the remote voice recognition circuitry in accordance with the invention.
Basically, the portable radio 402 receives voice commands from the user
and transmits RF signals modulated with the voice signals. The base
station repeater 430 receives the voice modulated signals and transmits
control signals back to the portable 402.
The portable 402 can affect control of the base unit 430 to recognize voice
commands preferably by sending the proper low speed coded squelch tone or
digital word, or other subaudible signal, transmitted continuously with
the voice commands. Alternatively, a high speed data packet could be sent,
causing the base 430 to enter the voice-recognition mode for a
predetermined time interval or until the proper low speed coded squelch
tone, digital squelch word, or another data packet is received by the base
430. Moreover, the control signals can be low speed data, or high speed
data packets or a combination.
When the portable 402 is in the receive mode, it receives from the base,
voice-modulated signals and control signals. When the PTR switch is
activated voice commands received at the microphone 420 are amplified
(419) and applied to a modulator 416. The microprocessor 412 may add low
speed data modulation to the signal being modulated.
Referring to FIG. 6, there is shown a block diagram of a base station
repeater 430 in accordance with of the invention. The base station
includes a receiver 432, which receives signals to be repeated by a
transmitter 434. The receiver 432 provides an audio signal representative
of the the received signal to an audio filter 436 which conditions the
audio signal for processing by a voice recognizer 444. A delay/switch
block 442 is under the control of the microprocessor controller 440, and
when enabled, causes the audio information to pass from the audio filter
436 to the transmit modulator 446. Thus, the audio is repeated by the
transmitter. If two switches, i.e., a PTT and PTR switch, are used to
differentiate the two different modes, a delay is not needed, and block
442 only serves to mute and unmute the transmit audio. If there is no PTR
switch (for a given implementation) on the portable, and only key words
are used to differentiate the modes, then a delay would be desirable in
addition to the switch function in block 442.
The delay/switch block 442 could be used to delay the radio signal while it
is analyzed for "key words" by the voice recognizer 444. The delay/switch
block 442 breaks the path of the audio, thereby muting the key word and
following command words from being repeated. This muting process remains
in effect for a predetermined time, or until the input signal is lost,
another key word ends the voice commands, or by data signalling from the
portable unit, or by control of the microprocessor controller 440.
The switch/delay block 442 could work in several ways. First, a constant
delay could be used all the time. However, such delay would be undesirable
to users. Second, if key words are only given in the beginning of a
transmission, the delay can start at a given value and then be gradually
reduced after the first few seconds. This reduction would reduce the delay
to zero or near zero. Third, there can be no delay at all. In this method,
the key word would be heard by other users of the communication system,
but the following words would be muted.
The data filter 438 prepares the received data to be sampled by the
microprocessor controller 440. This data could be sub audible tone encoded
or digitally encoded squelch words, different codes or tones being used
for the purposes of indicating the mode of the portable (i.e., PTT mode or
PTR mode) or for high speed data packets used for receiving data and
control packets.
The delay is not required in delay/switch block 442 when a switch is used
to manually enter the PTR mode.
The microprocessor controller 440 can also send data to the portable by
passing signals through the data filter 448 prior to being applied to the
modulator 446. Both low speed and high speed data could be sent via this
path.
The microprocessor controller 440 can also respond to commands of the
portable or to give update messages by activating a voice synthesizer 450
which generates an audio "voice" signal which is applied to the modulator
446. A data filter 438 filters the audio output of the receiver 432 for
processing by a microprocessor controller 440.
Thus, there is provided a voice-controlled portable radio that avoids the
detriments of the prior art by using speech recognition apparatus at a
remote location to provide the controlling signals to the portable radio,
over a communication medium.
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