An industrial automation system using transformers for providing electrical isolation between a system interface chip and a load interface chip while simultaneously allowing communication of power and data across the isolation barrier. Clock pulses are transmitted from the system interface chip to the load interface chip across one transformer, and the clock pulses are used by the load interface chip to create a power supply for operating the components within the chip. Data is communicated from the system interface chip to the load interface chip across a second transformer by the use of messages. Each message comprises a bit sync field, a byte sync field, and a data field. The bit sync field and byte sync field are used by the load interface chip to synchronize itself with the system interface chip. Transmission and reception of data by the chips are interleaved on a bit-by-bit basis, wherein a bit is transmitted from the load interface chip to the system interface chip after each bit is transmitted from the system interface chip to the load interface chip. After each byte of data is transmitted and received by the chips, the load interface chip eliminates synchronization between the chips, and must resynchronize itself with the system interface chip in order to transmit and receive the next byte of data.
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/668,374, filed Mar. 11, 1991, now abandoned, which application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 07/511,871, filed Apr. 19, 1990, now abandoned, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 07/208,157, filed Jun. 17, 1988, now abandoned.
A powerline communication system comprises a master and slave configuration in which the master provides both operating power and control commands to the slave over a single pair of wires. The slave, in turn, is able to communicate its status to the master with a return communications channel on the same pair of wires. Each sender impresses its signals on the power lines with an isolation transformer coupled to the gate of a power MOSFET transistor that shunts the power lines. Each receiver samples the signals from the sender with an isolation transformer that has its primary winding placed in series with the power lines. The master initiates a synchronizing pulse and places data in various timeslots. The slave follows with an initiating sync pulse followed by data in a group of timeslots. Edge-detection, rather than level-detection is used at the receivers for added immunity to supply and load changes. A double-pulse sync is used for special time slot reporting.
A bicycle control apparatus includes a bicycle component control unit having one of a control transmitter and a control receiver; a computer control unit having the other one of the control transmitter and the control receiver; and a transmission path coupled to the bicycle component control unit and to the computer control unit. The control transmitter communicates both power and data to the control receiver over the transmission path.
A motor controller includes a motor-position detector, a motor driver and a power cable having a pair of electric lines (two lines) which feeds power from the driver to the detector. The detector superimposes serial information about the motor-position to the power cable via windings of a transformer or a coupling capacitor. The serial information is obtained by converting parallel information about the motor-position. The serial information superimposed travels to the driver via the power cable. The driver receives the serial information via windings of the transformer or a coupling capacitor, and converts it to parallel information. The driver drives the motor according to this parallel information. The information necessary for driving the motor is superimposed to the power cable and transmitted through the power cable, so that a number of electric lines between the detector and the driver can be minimized.
The balloon catheter comprises a basic tubular body having a distal end and a proximal end. A balloon member is arranged on the distal end and, close to the balloon member, is arranged an elongate, elastic balloon protection sheath. A pull thread is connected to an end of the sheath facing toward the balloon member and extends to the proximal end of the basic tubular body. The sheath can be pulled over the balloon member by pulling the pull thread.
A compatible interface for an installation to control household machines that comprises an omnibus line having at least two first line wires used for a supply current, information signals being transmitted on the two first wires and/or on two second line wires, wherein said interface comprises: a circuit to recognize whether information signals are sent on the two first wires or on the two second wires and to transmit a reception identification signal to a household machine; and a current regulation circuit connected to the two first wires to give a stabilized current supply even if information signals are transmitted on the two second wires. Applications include control of household (home automation), industrial, or professional installations.
