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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a novel and useful surgery table which is
especially useful for positioning a patient for spinal surgery.
A standard surgery table is generally unsatisfactory for the performance of
spinal surgery procedures such as lumbar laminectomies, decompressions and
fusions. To perform such techniques, a patient is best positioned in the
prone sitting position. In addition, radiographic images are usually taken
with the patient in the prone kneeling position, which is especially
critical for pedicle screw fixations.
In the past, the Andrews spinal surgery frame has been employed as an
accessory to standard operating tables in order to properly position a
patient for spinal surgery. Although the Andrews frame has been the
standard spinal surgery accessory, is often difficult to adapt the Andrews
frame to the variety of standard surgery tables. In addition, it often
requires several persons to position the patient on the Andrews frame,
especially into the prone sitting position. Moreover, radiological images
are not easily obtained with the Andrews frame and a standard spinal
surgery table.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,662,619 describes an improved kneeling attachment to the
Andrews frame. U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,077 describes a radiolucent table which
is useful with a C-arm fluoroscope. The spinal surgery table designated
the SST-3000 manufactured by Orthopedic Systems, Inc. partially integrates
the features of the Andrews frame and a standard surgery table although
still requiring multiple persons to manipulate the patient into an
operative position.
A surgery table which overcomes the disadvantages of the prior spinal
surgery frames would be a great advance in the medical field.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention a novel and useful spinal surgery
table is herein provided.
The spinal surgery table of the present invention utilizes a frame member
which includes means for supporting the frame member on a ground surface.
Frame member may include a first section extending laterally relative to
the platform and a second section also extending laterally relative to the
platform. A member connects a first and second sections and is offset from
the centers from the first and second sections. The connecting member may
be positioned at a lower level than portions of the first and second
sections. Such offset and lowered connecting member is especially useful
in permitting employment of a C-arm X-ray imager with the patient in
either the prone kneeling, or prone sitting position. Casters may be
attached to the frame to permit rolling of the frame on the ground
surface.
The frame member connects to a platform which supports the patient
undergoing surgery. Such platform may be disposed at the terminus of a
pedestal which is vertically movable to determine the height of a platform
above the ground surface. In addition to the lateral tilt Trendelenberg,
and leg position adjustments, the table of the present invention provides
for the patient supporting platform having a laterally movable portion.
Such laterally movable portion may ride along an axis of the spinal
surgery table. An arm support may also be found in the present invention
and is connected to the laterally movable portion of the platform for
concomitant motion. In addition, the arm support may rotate inwardly and
outwardly relative to the platform. The surgery table is also constructed
with a torso support which externalizes in a carriage supported by the
platform and is connected to the laterally movable portion thereof. The
torso support further possesses a torso lift mechanism for raising and
lowering the torso of the patient relative to the platform. In this
regard, a hydraulic mechanism utilizing a hydraulic cylinder travels
laterally with the carriage of the torso support mechanism and, thus, with
the laterally movable portion of the platform.
The surgery table of the present invention further employs a leg support
which is found in articulated relationship with the platform. The leg
support has as one of its elements a tibial support and means for
vertically adjusting the tibial support relative to the platform. Also,
the leg support includes means for rotating the leg support relative to
the platform which essentially serves as a foot end adjustment. The leg
support rotating means is motivated with a hydraulic mechanism. The torso
lift hydraulic mechanism and the leg support hydraulic mechanism may share
a reservoir of hydraulic fluid and be controllable through valve means
found on a manifold. In addition, the other surgery table movement
operations such as the table height, Trendelenberg, lateral tilt, and the
like may be controlled through individual valves on such manifold and also
share the hydraulic fluid reservoir.
It may be apparent that a novel and useful surgery table has been
described.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a surgery
table which permits one person, after patient transfer onto the table, to
place the patient into the operative position for spinal surgery without
assistance from other persons.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a surgery table
which permits the surgeon performing spinal surgery to control the
patient's lumbar spine to varying degrees of flexion extension.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a spinal surgery
table which positions the patient such that the abdomen hangs freely, in a
completely dependent position to eliminate vena caval compression and,
consequently, epidural venus bleeding.
It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a spinal
surgery table which permits the obtaining of C-arm or conventional x-ray
images with a patient positioned in either the knee chest or prone
position.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a spinal surgery
table which includes a torso lift mechanism to support and reposition a
patient as the foot end of the spinal surgery table is lowered to the 90
degree position.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spinal surgery
table which includes easily accessible and simplified controls used to
positioned the patient for spinal surgery.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a spinal surgery
table which maintains excellent stability during surgical maneuvers.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a spinal surgery
table including an independently movable leg support which links to a hip
support for synchronous movement therewith.
A further object of the present invention is to provide a spinal surgery
table which is convertable for use as a conventional surgery table.
The invention possesses other objects and advantages especially as concerns
particular characteristics and features thereof which will become apparent
as the specification continues.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the surgery table of the present
invention.
FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the surgery table of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a left end view of the surgery table of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is a view taken along line 5--5 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the upper left hand portion of FIG.
4 depicting the slide and locking mechanism of the movable portion of the
platform of the present invention.
FIG, 7 is a sectional view taken along line 7--7 of FIG. 6.
FIG. 8 is a sectional view taken along line 8--8 of FIG. 4.
FIG. 9 is a sectional view taken along line 9--9 of FIG. 1.
FIG. 10 is a schematic-pictorial view of the hydraulic system of the
present invention.
FIG. 11A is a pictorial view of the first of a sequential positioning of a
patient for spinal surgery.
FIG. 11B is a pictorial view of the second of a sequential positioning of a
patient for spinal surgery.
FIG. 11C is a pictorial view of the third of a sequential positioning of a
patient for spinal surgery.
FIG. 11D is a pictorial view of the fourth of a sequential positioning of a
patient for spinal surgery.
FIG. 12 is a side elevational view of the upper elements of the surgery
table including a flat platform on the upper surface.
FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken along line 13--13 of FIG. 12.
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of a hip sling with broken portions.
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of the spinal surgery table of the
present invention depicting a patient being moved from a prone position to
a kneeling prone position including the use of the hip sling of FIG. 14.
For a better understanding of the invention reference is made to the
following detail description of the preferred embodiments thereof which
should be referenced to the hereinabove described drawings.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Various aspects of the present invention will evolve in the following
detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof which should be
referenced to the hereinabove described drawings.
The invention as a whole is shown in the drawings by reference character
10. The surgery table 10 is especially useful for spinal surgery
positioning of a patient. Table 10 includes as one of its elements a frame
member 12 which includes means 14 for supporting frame member 12 on
surface 16. Means 16 is shown in the form of a quartet of casters. Frame
member 12 also includes a first section 20 and a second section 22 which
extend laterally relative to surface 16, FIG. 9. Connecting member 24
extends between first and second sections 20 and 22 to form a cavity 26 or
recess in frame member 12 which permits the use of C-arm 28 employed to
obtain radiographic images of a patient on table 10. Thus, connecting
member 24 is offset from the centers of first and second sections 20 and
22 and lies at a lower level. In this regard, C-arm 28 includes a support
member 30 having a caster 32 which easily rolls into cavity 28 to obtain
geographic images. Plurality of casters 18 may include locking mechanisms
such as wheel lock 30. Plurality of casters 18 include a pair of casters
32 at the head end 33 of spinal surgery table 10, and a pair of casters 34
at the foot end 35 of table 10. Pair of casters 32 may be of the type
number 2476 UAR available from the American Tente Casters Inc. of
Erlanger, N.Y. Pair of casters 34 may be of the type 2477 UAR also
available from American Tente Casters, Inc., of Erlanger, N.Y. Pedestal 38
extends from frame member 12 upwardly, the details of which will be
described hereinafter. Also, foot pedal 40 forms part of a hydraulic
system which will also be described in detail hereinafter.
Returning to FIG. 1, table 10 also includes platform 42 for supporting a
spinal surgery patient. Platform 42 is connected to frame member 12 by
means 44, shown in particular on FIG. 4. Box support 46 is welded to frame
section 22 and connecting member 24. Mounting member 48 gains support from
frame member 12 and holds fixed telescoping tube 50 in an upright
position. Telescoping tube 50 extends upwardly and is fastened to frame
plates 52 and 54 by the use of a pivot pin 56, FIGS. 4 and 8. It should be
noted that pivot pin 56 acts as the axis for the Trendelenberg motion of
platform 42 relative to frame 12, which will be discussed hereinafter.
Fixed tube 58 extends downwardly into mounting member 48 and is fastened
to same with fasteners 60. Fixed tube 58 serves as a guide for telescoping
tube 50. Ears 62 and 64 engage pin 56 and also serve as the support for
connecting pin 66 of piston yoke 68 extending from table height hydraulic
cylinder 70. Fastening pin 72 at the base of table height hydraulic
cylinder 70 bolts to mounting member 48.
Again with reference to FIG. 4, table lateral tilt hydraulic cylinder 74
connects to flange 76 which is fixed to box support 46. Piston yoke 78 of
lateral tilt hydraulic cylinder 74 fastens to wing member 80 which is
rigidly attached to mounting member 48. Lateral tilt pivot pin 82 permits
mounting member 48, pedestal 38, and platform 42 to effect such lateral
tilt of table 10. With further reference to FIGS. 4 and 8, it may be
observed that frames 52 and 54 depend from cross-members 84 and 86 which
are welded or otherwise fastened to rectangular member 88 of platform 42,
cross-members 84 and 86, and rectangular member 88 comprise a skeletal
base portion 92 of platform 42.
With further reference to FIG. 8, foot end hydraulic cylinder 94 fixes to
plate 96 which depends from base portion 92. Piston yoke 98 of foot end
hydraulic cylinder 94 fastens to plate 100 which is itself fastened to
articulated section 102 of base portion 92 of platform 42. Articulated
section 102 of platform 42 pivots around pivot pin 104, FIGS. 5 and 8.
Again referring to FIG. 8, Trendelenberg hydraulic cylinder 106 fastens to
block 108 which structurally connects to base portion 92 of platform 42.
Piston yoke 110 fastens to angle member 111 which depends from base
portion 92. Again, pivot pin 56 serves as the pivot axis for the
Trendelenberg rotation of platform 42.
Referring now to FIG. 4, it may be apparent that platform 42 includes a
transversely movable portion 112. As shown in FIG. 4, as well as FIGS.
11A-11D which will be discussed in greater detail hereinafter, the term
"transversely" is defined as that which coincides with the length of table
10. Plate 114 forms a part of transversely movable portion 112 and
includes distending end portions 116 and 118 which connect to arm supports
120 and 122. Thus, arm supports 120 and 122 move with plate 114. Arm
supports 120 and 122 include pads 124 and 126. Journals 128 and 130
connect to plate 114 with fasteners 132, FIG. 7. Journals 128 and 130
slide along rods 134 and 136 within tunnels 138 and 140 formed by
longitudinal pad members 142 and 144. With reference to FIG. 7, it may be
observed that longitudinal pad member 142, is similarly constructed to
longitudinal pad member 144. Pad member 142 is formed by a soft covered
pad 146 which lies atop a rigid L-shaped bottom 148. Bottom 148 lies atop
a U-shaped channel 150. Turning to FIG. 5, rod 134 held to end pieces 152
and 154, is fastened to rectangular member 88 via brackets 155 and 157,
respectively.
Turning to FIGS. 4, 5, and 6, table 10 also includes a torso support 156
which possesses a carriage 158 which is welded to plate 114 by the use of
strips 160 and 162. Face pad base 164 connects to strip 162 and also
supports a soft covered pad 166, best shown in FIGS. 5 and 6.
Torso support 156 also includes a torso lift mechanism 168 which possesses
a torso lift hydraulic cylinder 170, FIGS. 5 and 7. Support bracket 172
connects to movable plate 114 and also serves as a support for torso lift
hydraulic cylinder 170 via fasteners 173, FIG. 5. Thus, the torso lift
hydraulic cylinder 170 travels laterally with the movable plate 114.
Piston 174 of torso lift hydraulic cylinder 170 extends through a rigid
sheet 176 which fastens to the base 178 of covered torso pad member 180.
With reference to FIG. 5, it may be apparent that covered torso pad member
180 travels along directional arrow 182. For a pad support shaft 184 also
connects to rigid sheet 176 and base 178 of pad 180. Bearing 186 guides
the movement of torso pad support shaft 184.
Again referring to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, torso support 156 includes a locking
mechanism 188 formed with a handle 190 at the terminus of rod 192. Bushing
194 supports rod 192 through structural member 88. Bracket 196 holds the
end of rod 192, opposite handle 190, to structural member 88. Plate 198
surrounding bushing 200 rotates about rod 192 and is biased in the
position shown in FIG. 6 by spring member 202 which spans bracket 196 and
rotating plate 198. Finger 204 extends from rotating plate 198 and is
adjustable by slot mechanism 206. Teeth 208 on the end of finger 204
engage the teeth on track 210 which is formed on movable plate 114, FIG.
7. Turning rod 192 clockwise, directional arrow 212, disengages locking
mechanism 188 and movable plate 114 to permit sliding of movable portion
112 of platform 42. Conversely, counterclockwise motion of rod 192 locks
movable portion 112 of platform 42 in place.
As heretofore described, arm supports 120 and 122 are connected to
transversely movable portion 114. With reference to FIG. 3, it may be
observed that tabs 214 and 216 may be pushed inwardly to disengage arm
supports 120 and 122 from tracks 218 and 220 by the use of pivoting
latches 222 and 224. In addition, arm supports 120 and 122 include gear
wheels 226 and 228. Turning to FIGS. 1 and 3, pull rods 230 and 232 are
slidingly fastened to structural elements 234 and 236 of arm supports 120
and 122, respectfully. Such slidable fastening may include a pair of
sleeves, such as sleeves 238 and 240 with respect to arm support 122,
which are screwed to structural element 236 used in conjunction with pull
rod 232, FIG. 1. In essence, the disengagement of the end of pull rods 230
and 232 from gear wheel 226 and 228, respectively, permits arm supports
120 and 122 to pivot around pivot pins 242 and 244, depicted in phantom on
FIG. 2.
Turning to FIGS. 1 and 2, spinal surgery table 10 also includes the
provision of iliac supports 246 and 248 which are fastened to tracks 250
and 252 connected to rectangular frame member 88 by plurality of fasteners
254, FIG. 8. Iliac supports 246 and 248 may be of the type found in the
Andrews SST 3000 Spinal Surgery Table manufactured by Orthopedic Systems,
Inc., San Leandro, Calif. Supports 246 and 248 are optionally used by
surgeon to level the lumbar spine when the patient is in the prone
kneeling position on table 10.
Articulated section 102 of platform 42 includes soft pad members 254 and
256 which are attached to rotating arm 258 and movable support 260, FIG.
8. Rotating arm 258 is rotatably connected to movable support 260. Plate
100 fixed to rotating arm 258 permits the rotation thereof around pivot
104, through the motion of foot end hydraulic cylinder 94, directional
arrow 262. Soft pad 256 is intended to support the tibia of the patient.
Tibial support hydraulic cylinder 264, FIGS. 1 and 8, interconnects
rotating arm 258 and movable support 260, such that soft pad 256, and the
patient's tibia supported thereon may be raised or lowered along
directional arrow 266, FIG. 1. Seat and thigh support mechanism 268, of
conventional configuration, includes thigh support pads 270 and seat
support 272. Post 274 connects to movable support 260 which has an
extendable end portion 276. Foot cuff mechanism 278 captures the heels of
the patients legs.
Turning to FIGS. 1 and 10, it may be observed that table 10 includes a
hydraulic system 280. FIG. 10 is a schematic and partial mechanical
rendition of hydraulic system 280 in which hydraulic cylinders heretofore
described have been partially depicted. Control panel 282, FIG. 3, is
depicted as being mounted on a plate 284 with side portions 286 and 288.
System 280 includes a common reservoir of hydraulic fluid 290 depicted
schematically within box support 46. Pump 292 may of the type 100212,
manufactured by TR Engineering Inc., of Campbell Calif. As heretofore
described, pump 292 is operated by foot pedal 40. Filter 294 and overload
valve 295 regulates the hydraulic fluid passing to three way valves 296,
298, 300, 302, 304, and 306. In other words, valve 296 regulates the
Trendelenberg movement of table 10. Trendelenberg, control valve 296 would
possess the ability to adjust the table in the Trendelenberg position,
reverse Trendelenberg position, or be in the "off" position. Also torso
lift valve 300, tibial support valve 280, foot end valve 302, and table
height valve 304 would operate to move the particular hydraulic cylinders
"up" "down" or "off". Lateral tilt valve 306 operates between the "left",
"right", or "off" position. The following is a table depicting components
used in the hydraulic system 280.
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Component Model # Source
______________________________________
1. Trendelenberg
H2050225BN8FOO Lehigh Fluid
cylinder 106 Power Inc.
Lambertville,N.J
2. Torso lift
Husky BFH/3/8 .times. 3.0
Compact Air Prod.
cylinder 170 Westminster,S.C.
3. Tibial support
Husky QJ90-1122 Compact Air Prod.
cylinder 269 Westminster,S.C.
4. Foot End
H2010825BN8F8 Lehigh Fluid
cylinder 94 Power Inc.
Lambertville,N.J.
5. Table Height
2-AO-NPIN-33 Cunningham Manuf.
Cylinder 70
S-1500 Co., Seattle,WA.
6. Lateral Tilt
H2050188DN8FOO Lehigh Fluid
Cylinder 24 Power Inc.
Lambertville,N.J.
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With reference to FIGS. 12 and 13, it may be observed that the upper
portion of platform 42 may be converted into a conventional surgery table
by the use of a covered pad 310 which sits atop pad 166. Torso lift
mechanism 168 would be raised to the point depicted in FIG. 12 such that
pad 180 lies essentially flush with the top surface 312 of pad 310. With
reference to FIG. 14, it may be observed that a sling 314 is depicted as
having a widened central portion 316 and connecting bands 318 and 320.
Hook and pile closure means 322 permits sling 314 to be formed into a
loop, as depicted on FIGS. 12 and 13, which provides support for the
patient above radiolucent area 325.
Turning now to FIG. 15, patient 324 is shown in a position between the
kneeling-prone and sitting-prone configuration. Patient 324 has been moved
along directional arrow 326. The head portion 328 of patient 324 lies in a
soft support 330. Sling 314 has been placed around the hip portion of
patient 324 and is also wrapped about seat support 272 of the terminous of
seat and thigh support 268. Thigh pads 270 have been rotated rearwardly so
as to not interfere with the sling 314.
In operation, table 10 is arranged such that platform 42 and articulated
section 102, thereof, essentially lie in the same plane, FIG. 11A. The
patient is placed on platform 42 such that the patient's torso lies on
covered torso pad member 180 and the face portion lies on covered face pad
166. Arm supports 120 and 122 typically move forward such that the
patient's arms extend outwardly from the patient's torso at about ninety
degrees and downwardly. Movable support 260 is rotated ninety degrees
relative to rotating arm 258 to bend the patient's leg at the knee joint,
FIG. 11B. Seat support mechanism 268 and foot cuffs 278 are attached at
this time. Locking mechanism 188 is released to permit torso support 156
and arm supports 120 and 122 to slide laterally with transversely movable
portion 112 toward the foot end of table 10, FIG. 11C when the rotating
arm 258 pivots relative to torso support 156 on pivot 104. Sling 314 aids
in the lifting of the patient 324, FIG. 15, to prevent extension of
patient 324 into radiolucent opening 325 and to prevent the hyperextension
of the lumbar spine of patient 324. Sling 314 acts synchronously with the
gliding of the torso lift mechanism 156, and the articulation of section
102. At this point, the patient is in the kneeling prone position to
permit the surgeon or anesthesiologist to control the flexion or extension
of the lumbar spine by varying degrees. Further movement of foot end
cylinder 94 via operation of valve 302, and the upward movement of tibial
support cylinder 264 by operating valve 300 places the patient in the
prone sitting position FIG. 11D. Again, the locking mechanism 188 of the
torso support 156 would be released and subsequently locked into position
to prevent further movement in this regard. The table height cylinder 70
employing valve 304, Trendelenberg cylinder 106 using valve 296, or
lateral tilt cylinder 74 using valve 306 may be activated to achieve the
correct positioning of the patient according to the intended operative
procedure. Most importantly, the torso lift cylinder 170, employing valve
298 may also be employed to elevate the patient to provide for the correct
positioning of head/neck and arms/shoulders of the patient. Iliac crest
supports 248 and 250 may be optionally be applied when the patient is in
the kneeling prone position, FIG. 11C, in order to level the lumbar spine.
Frame member 12 permits C-arm imager 28 to easily obtain radiographic
images of the patient in the prone or kneeling prone positions. It should
be noted that connecting member 24 lies at a lower level than portions of
lateral members 20 or 22 to prevent any interference with the movable
C-arm 28.
While in the foregoing embodiments of the present invention have been set
forth in considerable detail for the purposes of making a complete
disclosure of the invention, it may be apparent to those of skill in the
art that numerous changes may be made in such detail without departing
from the spirit and principles of the invention.
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