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| United States Patent | 5473450 |
| Link to this page | http://www.wikipatents.com/5473450.html |
| Inventor(s) | Yamada; Nobuaki (Higashiosaka, JP);
Kuratate; Tomoaki (Kobe, JP);
Shinomiya; Tokihiko (Nara, JP);
Hirai; Toshiyuki (Tenri, JP);
Fujimori; Kohichi (Nabari, JP);
Kondo; Masahiko (Kitakatsuragi, JP);
Onishi; Noriaki (Osaka, JP);
Kohzaki; Shuichi (Nara, JP);
Majima; Kenji (Tenri, JP);
Awane; Katunobu (Ikoma, JP) |
| Abstract | A liquid crystal display device of the present invention includes: two
substrates facing each other, at least one of the substrates being
transparent; electrodes disposed on inside surfaces of the respective
substrates; a display medium which is provided between the two substrates
and formed of polymer walls containing a polymer as their main component
and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal as their main
component; and a plurality of pixels, wherein the liquid crystal regions
are partitioned by the polymer walls and are close to the substrates,
portions of the liquid crystal regions close to the substrates being in
parallel with the substrates, an interval a between the center of one
liquid crystal region and the center of an adjacent liquid crystal region
in a direction along the surface of the substrate is within a width of one
pixel along the direction, and 80% or more of the intervals a satisfy the
relationship: 3b/2>a>b/2, where b is an average of the intervals a. |
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Title Information  |
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Drawing from US Patent 5473450 |
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Liquid crystal display device with a polymer between liquid crystal
regions |
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| Inventor |
Yamada; Nobuaki (Higashiosaka, JP);
Kuratate; Tomoaki (Kobe, JP);
Shinomiya; Tokihiko (Nara, JP);
Hirai; Toshiyuki (Tenri, JP);
Fujimori; Kohichi (Nabari, JP);
Kondo; Masahiko (Kitakatsuragi, JP);
Onishi; Noriaki (Osaka, JP);
Kohzaki; Shuichi (Nara, JP);
Majima; Kenji (Tenri, JP);
Awane; Katunobu (Ikoma, JP) |
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| Publication Date |
December 5, 1995 |
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| Filing Date |
April 27, 1993 |
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| Priority Data |
Apr 28, 1992[JP]4-110223
Aug 07, 1992[JP]4-211846
Oct 23, 1992[JP]4-286487
Nov 18, 1992[JP]4-309082
Nov 20, 1992[JP]4-312444
Nov 25, 1992[JP]4-315419
Nov 30, 1992[JP]4-321024
Dec 07, 1992[JP]4-327037
Dec 17, 1992[JP]4-337651
Feb 19, 1993[JP]5-030996
Apr 02, 1993[JP]5-077253
Apr 05, 1993[JP]5-078378 |
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Title Information |
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Claims |
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What is claimed is:
1. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
two substrates facing each other, at least one of the substrates being
transparent;
electrodes disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates;
a display medium which is provided between the two substrates and formed of
polymer walls and liquid crystal regions partitioned by the polymer walls;
and
a plurality of pixels,
wherein an interval a between a center of one liquid crystal region and a
center of an adjacent liquid crystal region in a direction along a surface
of the substrate is within a width of one pixel along the direction, and
80% or more of the intervals a satisfy the relationship: 3b/2>a>b/2, where
b is an average of the intervals a.
2. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a
plurality of pixels, comprising the steps of:
providing a mixture containing a photopolymerizable compound and a liquid
crystal material between a pair of substrates, two substrates facing each
other, at least one of the substrates being transparent, electrodes being
disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates; and
irradiating light to the mixture with a light intensity distribution in
which light intensity of at least one portion of each pixel is 90% or less
of a maximum illuminance in a circular area which corresponds to 10 times
the pixel area and whose center is situated in a center of the pixel.
3. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 2, wherein a photomask having a pattern with regularity is placed on
the transparent substrate, and light is irradiated through the photomask
to the mixture provided between the substrates.
4. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 3, wherein the pattern with regularity is formed on the photomask,
and the pattern covers 30% or more of at least each pixel.
5. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 3, wherein the pattern with regularity is formed on the photomask, a
minimum repeating unit of the pattern has a size within a circle having a
diameter in the range of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m, and an interval between a
center of one unit and a center of an adjacent unit is in the range of 1
.mu.m to 50 .mu.m.
6. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 2, wherein the photomask having a pattern with regularity is placed
inside one of the substrates, and light is irradiated through the
photomask to the mixture provided between the substrates.
7. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 6, wherein the pattern with regularity is formed on the photomask,
and the pattern covers 30% or more of at least each pixel.
8. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 7, wherein the pattern with regularity is formed on the photomask, a
minimum repeating unit of the pattern has a size within a circle having a
diameter in the range of 1 .mu.m to 50 .mu.m, and an interval between a
center of one unit and a center of an adjacent unit is in the range of 1
.mu.m to 50 .mu.m.
9. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
two substrates facing each other, at least one of the substrates being
transparent, electrodes disposed on inside surfaces of the respective
substrates; and
a display medium which is provided between the two substrates and formed of
polymer walls containing a polymer as their main component and liquid
crystal regions containing liquid crystal as their main component;
wherein the liquid crystal regions are partitioned by the polymer walls
and are close to the substrates, portions of the liquid crystal regions
close to the substrates being in parallel with the substrates.
10. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein an
orientation direction of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules contained
in each of the liquid crystal regions is concentric along the polymer
walls within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
11. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein each of
the liquid crystal regions has a plurality of liquid crystal domains and
an orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is
concentric along the polymer walls within a plane which is in parallel
with the substrates.
12. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein each of
the liquid crystal regions has an inside liquid crystal domain situated in
a center thereof, a polymer region surrounding an outside of the inside
liquid crystal domain, and a plurality of outside liquid crystal domains
surrounding an outside of the polymer region; and the respective outside
liquid crystal domains are aligned in a radial manner within a plane which
is in parallel with the substrates.
13. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the
liquid crystal regions have a plurality of liquid crystal domains, and an
orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is different
within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
14. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the
liquid crystal regions have a polymer region positioned in the center
thereof and a plurality of liquid crystal domains surrounding an outside
of the polymer region, and the respective liquid crystal domains are
aligned in a radial manner within a plane which is in parallel with the
substrates.
15. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, comprising a
plurality of pixels, wherein the liquid crystal regions are provided in at
least one pixel.
16. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein at least
one liquid crystal region contained in the at least one pixel has a size
of 30% or more of the pixel size.
17. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein an
orientation direction of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules contained
in each of the liquid crystal regions is concentric along the polymer
walls within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
18. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein each of
the liquid crystal regions has a plurality of liquid crystal domains, and
an orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is
concentric along the polymer walls within a plane which is in parallel
with the substrates.
19. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein the
liquid crystal regions have an inside liquid crystal domain positioned in
a center thereof, a polymer region surrounding an outside of the inside
liquid crystal domain, and a plurality of outside liquid crystal domains
surrounding an outside of the polymer region; and the respective outside
liquid crystal domains are aligned in a radial manner within a plane which
is in parallel with the substrates.
20. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein the
liquid crystal regions have a plurality of liquid crystal domains, and an
orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is different
within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
21. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 15, wherein the
liquid crystal regions have a polymer region positioned in a center
thereof and a plurality of liquid crystal domains surrounding an outside
of the polymer region; and the respective liquid crystal domains are
aligned in a radial manner within a plane which is in parallel with the
substrates.
22. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, comprising a
plurality of pixels, wherein two or more of the liquid crystal regions are
entirely or partially provided in one pixel.
23. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the
pixel has a longitudinal side of 200 .mu.m or more.
24. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein an
orientation direction of a plurality of liquid crystal molecules contained
in the liquid crystal regions are concentric along the polymer walls
within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
25. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein each of
the liquid crystal regions has a plurality of liquid crystal domains, and
an orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is
concentric along the polymer walls within a plane which is in parallel
with the substrates.
26. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein each of
the liquid crystal domains has an inside liquid crystal domain positioned
in a center thereof, a polymer region surrounding an outside of the inside
liquid crystal domain, and a plurality of liquid crystal domains
surrounding an outside of the polymer region; and the respective outside
liquid crystal domains are aligned in a radial manner within a plane which
is in parallel with the substrates.
27. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein the
liquid crystal region has a plurality of liquid crystal domains, and an
orientation direction of each of the liquid crystal domains is different
within a plane which is in parallel with the substrates.
28. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 22, wherein each of
the liquid crystal regions has a polymer region positioned in a center
thereof and a plurality of liquid crystal domains surrounding an outside
of the polymer region, and the respective liquid crystal domains are
aligned in a radial manner within a plane which is in parallel with the
substrates.
29. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein a
plurality of liquid crystal molecules contained in each of the liquid
crystal regions are aligned in a helical manner along a helical axis which
is vertical with respect to the substrates.
30. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 29, wherein the
plurality of .liquid crystal molecules contained in each of the liquid
crystal regions are provided with a helical pitch of 15 .mu.m to 100
.mu.m.
31. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein
d.times..DELTA.n is in the range of 0.4 .mu.m to 1.1 .mu.m; and a distance
between the substrates is in the range of 3 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m, where d is
a thickness between horizontal portions in each of the liquid crystal
regions and .DELTA.n is anisotropy of refractive index thereof.
32. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein the
display medium has a structure in which a liquid crystalline compound is
fixed in the vicinity of an interface between the liquid crystal region
and the polymer wall.
33. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein
anisotropy of dielectric constant .DELTA..epsilon..sub.L of the liquid
crystal region and anisotropy of dielectric constant
.DELTA..epsilon..sub.p of the liquid crystalline compound have a
relationship of .DELTA..epsilon..sub.L .times..DELTA..epsilon..sub.p <0.
34. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein the
liquid crystalline compound has at least one of a fluorine atom and a
chlorine atom and the liquid crystal region is formed from a liquid
crystal material having at least one of fluorine atom and a chlorine atom
in its molecule.
35. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 34, wherein the
liquid crystalline compound has an optically active group in its molecule
and the liquid crystal region is formed from ferroelectric liquid crystal.
36. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein the
polymer walls are formed in a liquid crystal state.
37. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 36, wherein the
liquid crystal regions and the polymer walls contain a dichroic dye.
38. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 32, wherein the
polymer walls are formed in a liquid crystal state, and the polymer walls
and the liquid crystal regions are in the same orientation when no voltage
is applied to the display medium.
39. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 38, wherein at least
one of the substrates has an orientation film in contact with the display
medium, and the polymer walls and the liquid crystal regions are in the
same orientation, based on the orientation film.
40. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 39, wherein the
liquid crystal regions and the polymer walls contain a dichroic dye.
41. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein
anisotropy of dielectric constant .DELTA..sub.L of the liquid crystal
region and anisotropy of dielectric constant .DELTA..epsilon..sub.p of the
liquid crystalline compound have a relationship of .DELTA..epsilon..sub.L
.times..DELTA..epsilon..sub.p <0.
42. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein a
remaining monomer ratio obtained from infrared absorption caused by a
double bond between carbons in the polymer wall and infrared absorption
caused by a carbonyl group of an ester in the polymer wall is 10% or less.
43. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein a
light-intercepting mask is placed on one of the substrates so that
light-intercepting portions of the mask cover portions where the substrate
and the polymer walls are in contact with each other.
44. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 43, wherein the
light-intercepting mask is placed so that the light-intercepting portions
thereof cover 50% or more of the respective portions where the substrate
and the polymer walls are in contact with each other.
45. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein
orientation films are respectively formed on the electrodes mounted on the
substrates.
46. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 45, wherein the
orientation films are uniaxially aligned by an orientation treatment.
47. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 45, wherein at least
one of the orientation films contain a photopolymerization initiator.
48. A liquid crystal display device according to claim 9, wherein a
polarizing plate is provided outside of at least one of the substrates.
49. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a
plurality of pixels, comprising the steps of:
providing a mixture containing a photopolymerizable compound and a liquid
crystal material between a pair of substrates, two substrates facing each
other, at least one of the substrates being transparent, and electrodes
being disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates, thereby
forming a cell; and
irradiating the mixture with light under the condition that intensity of
light is reduced in predetermined portions of the mixture, thereby forming
a display medium between the substrates, the display medium having polymer
walls containing a polymer as their main component and liquid crystal
regions containing liquid crystal as their main component.
50. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the predetermined portions correspond to at least one
pixel, whereby the liquid crystal regions are provided in at least one
pixel.
51. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein an area of each of the predetermined portions
corresponds to 30% or more of each pixel area, whereby at least one liquid
crystal region contained in the pixel is made 30% or more of the pixel
area.
52. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein means for reducing intensity of light is a photomask,
and the photomask is placed on the side of the display medium of one of
the substrates.
53. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the mixture is irradiated with light through a
photomask, the photomask having a plurality of masking portions for
forming the liquid crystal regions and each of the masking portion having
at least one light transmission hole at least in a center thereof, whereby
liquid crystal domains are formed in a radial manner in each of the liquid
crystal regions.
54. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 53, using a photomask having masking portions for forming the liquid
crystal regions, each of the masking portions having a light transmission
hole in a center thereof and light transmission slits disposed in a radial
manner around the transmission hole.
55. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the mixture is irradiated with light while alternating a
light-irradiating period and a non light-irradiating period.
56. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the mixture further contains a compound having effects
for suppressing photopolymerization.
57. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the display medium having walls containing a polymer as
their main component and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal
as their main component is formed between the substrates by irradiating
light to all of the portions or part thereof excluding the pixels.
58. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 57, wherein light which is irradiated to all of the portions or part
thereof excluding the pixels is linear light.
59. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 57, wherein light irradiation to all of the portions or part thereof
excluding the pixels is conducted while spot light in a dot shape is
moved.
60. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein means for reducing intensity of light is an insulating
film formed on the electrode of one of the substrates, and the display
medium having walls containing a polymer as its main component and liquid
crystal regions containing liquid crystal as its main component is formed
between the substrates by irradiating light to the mixture from the side
of the substrate on which the insulating film is formed.
61. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein the step of forming a cell is conducted by attaching the
two substrates after providing the mixture on one of the substrates.
62. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 49, wherein polarizing plates are formed on external surfaces of the
two substrates.
63. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a
plurality of pixels, comprising the steps of:
forming an orientation film containing a photopolymerization initiator on
at least one of a pair of substrates, two substrates facing each other, at
least one of the substrates being transparent, and electrodes being
disposed on inside surfaces of the respective substrates;
subjecting the substrate on which the orientation film is formed to a
rubbing treatment in one direction;
providing a mixture containing a photopolymerizable compound and a liquid
crystal material between the pair of substrates after the rubbing
treatment; and
forming a display medium having polymer walls containing a polymer as their
main component and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal as
their main component by curing the photopolymerizable compound.
64. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 63, wherein the photopolymerizable compound contained in the mixture
contains a liquid crystalline compound having at least one polymerizable
functional group in its molecule.
65. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 64, wherein a compound having a polymerizable functional group, at
least one of a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom in its molecule is used
as the liquid crystalline compound, and a liquid crystal material having
at least one of a fluorine and a chlorine atom in its molecule is used for
the liquid crystal regions.
66. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 65, wherein a compound having a polymerizable functional group and
an optically active group in its molecule is used as the liquid
crystalline compound, and ferroelectric liquid crystal is used for the
liquid crystal regions.
67. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 63, wherein UV-rays are irradiated to the mixture so that portions
where the liquid crystal regions are to be formed become weak
light-irradiated regions, thereby optically polymerizing the
photopolymerizable compound.
68. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 67, wherein means for forming weak light-irradiated regions is a
photomask, and the photomask is placed on the side of the display medium
of one of the substrates.
69. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 63, wherein the step of forming a cell is conducted by attaching the
two substrates after providing the mixture on one of the substrates.
70. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 63, wherein polarizing plates are formed on external surfaces of the
two substrates.
71. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a
plurality of pixels, comprising the steps of:
forming a thin film pattern containing a photopolymerization initiator on
one surface of at least one of a pair of substrates, the substrates
respectively having electrodes and at least one of the substrates being
transparent;
providing a mixture containing a polymerizable compound and a liquid
crystal material between the pair of substrates, at least one of the
substrates having the thin film pattern, thereby forming a cell; and
forming a display medium between the substrates by curing the polymerizable
compound, the display medium having polymer walls containing a polymer as
their main component and liquid crystal regions containing liquid crystal
as their main component.
72. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 71, wherein the polymerization initiator is a photopolymerization
initiator, the polymerizable compound is a photopolymerizable compound, a
photomask allowing 50% or more of the thin film pattern to be exposed is
placed outside of one of the substrates, and light is irradiated to the
photopolymerizable initiator and the photopolymerizable compound through
the photomask to cure the photopolymerizable compound.
73. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 72, wherein the photopolymerizable compound contained in the mixture
contains a liquid crystalline compound having at least one kind of
polymerizable functional group at its molecule.
74. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display medium according to
claim 73, wherein a compound having a polymerizable functional group, and
at least one of a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom in its molecule is
used as the liquid crystalline compound; and a liquid crystal material
having at least one of a fluorine atom and a chlorine atom in its molecule
is used for the liquid crystal regions.
75. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 73, wherein a compound having a polymerizable functional group and
an optically active group in its molecule is used as the liquid
crystalline compound and ferroelectric liquid crystal is used for the
liquid crystal regions.
76. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 71, wherein UV-rays are irradiated to the mixture so that portions
where the liquid crystal regions are to be formed become weak
light-irradiated regions, thereby optically polymerizing the polymerizable
compound.
77. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 71, wherein the polymerization initiator is a heat polymerization
initiator, the polymerizable compound is a heat polymerizable compound,
and the heat polymerization initiator and the mixture are heated to cure
the heat polymerizable compound.
78. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 71, wherein the step of forming a cell is conducted by attaching the
two substrates after providing the mixture on one of the substrates.
79. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 71, wherein polarizing plates are formed on external surfaces of the
two substrates.
80. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device having a
plurality of pixels, comprising the steps of:
providing a mixture between a pair of substrates facing each other, thereby
forming a cell, at least one of the substrates being transparent,
electrodes being disposed on inside surfaces on the respective substrates,
the mixture containing a liquid crystal material, a polymerizable liquid
crystalline material having a liquid crystalline functional group in its
molecule, a polymerizable compound, and a polymerization initiator,
anisotropy of dielectric constant .DELTA..epsilon..sub.L of the liquid
crystal material and anisotropy of dielectric constant
.DELTA..epsilon..sub.p of the polymerizable liquid crystalline material
having a relationship of .DELTA..epsilon..sub.L
.times..DELTA..epsilon..sub.p <0, and
forming a display medium between the substrates by polymerizing the
polymerizable compound, the display medium having polymer walls containing
a polymer as their main component and liquid crystal regions containing
liquid crystal as their main component, providing the liquid crystalline
functional groups in the liquid crystal regions to fix a liquid
crystalline polymer on the polymer walls.
81. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 80, wherein the polymerizable compound is a photopolymerizable
compound, the polymerization initiator is a photopolymerization initiator,
and the polymerizable compound is optically polymerized.
82. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 81, wherein UV-rays are irradiated to the mixture so that portions
where the liquid crystal regions are to be formed become weak
light-irradiated regions, thereby optically polymerizing the mixture.
83. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 82, wherein means for forming the weak light-irradiated regions is a
photomask, and the photomask is placed on the side of the display medium
of one of the substrates.
84. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 80, wherein the polymerizable compound is a heat polymerizable
compound, the polymerization initiator is a heat polymerization initiator,
and the polymerizable compound is polymerized by heating.
85. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 80, wherein a compound having at least one of a fluorine atom and a
chlorine atom in its molecule is used as the liquid crystal material and
the polymerizable liquid crystalline material.
86. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 80, wherein the step of forming a cell is conducted by attaching the
two substrates after providing the mixture on one of the substrates.
87. A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to
claim 80, wherein the step of forming a cell comprises the steps of:
coating the mixture onto one of the substrates, the mixture further
containing a solvent capable of homogeneously dissolving the liquid
crystal material and the polymerizable liquid crystalline material;
removing the solvent from the mixture coated onto one of the substrates by
evaporation to provide the liquid crystalline functional groups in the
liquid crystal regions, thereby fixing a liquid crystalline compound on
the polymer walls; and
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