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Claims  |
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We claim:
1. A cement additive comprising a crosslinked polymer in which, between main chains having a water-soluble polymer structure of a weight average molecular weight from 500 to 100,000, a
bond having as a structural unit at least one divalent group having the following formula (I) is formed ##STR29## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR30## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required
if R.sup.2 is ##STR31## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5, said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of
20.degree. C.,
wherein said main chains comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR32## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is 0 or 1;
M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 1 to 5;
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said main chains further comprise at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of ##STR33## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10; q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.sup..crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that, when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 groups may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and with the provision that when q is an integral number of from 1-100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and may be regular or irregular,
and wherein q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2, respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular
or irregular,
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
2. A method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by combining water-soluble polymers having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 to one another by using a crosslinking agent which has a
structural unit or is capable of forming at least one divalent group having the following formula (I): ##STR34## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR35## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required
if R.sup.2 is ##STR36## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5,
said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR37## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is 0 or 1;
M is at least one member of the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group, and an organic amine group,
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 1 to 5,
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular, and
wherein the water-soluble polymer further comprises at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of ##STR38## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10, q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.sup..crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that, when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
with the proviso that when q is an integral number of from 1 to 100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and may be regular or irregular,
with the proviso that when q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2, respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement
may be regular or irregular,
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
3. A method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by combining water-soluble polymers having a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 to one another by using a crosslinking agent which has a
structural unit or is capable of forming at least one divalent group having the following formula (I): ##STR39## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR40## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required
if R.sup.2 is ##STR41## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5,
said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises --COOM and
--COO--(R.sup.5 O).sub.u --R.sup.10
wherein M is at least one member of the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group, and an organic amine group,
R.sup.5 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
u is an integral number of 1 to 100; and
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5,
with the proviso that when u is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
wherein the water-soluble polymer is derived from a (poly)alkyleneglycol mono(meth)acrylate monomer (xiv) in an amount of 1 to 99.9% by weight and a (meth)acrylic monomer (i) in an amount of 99 to 0.1% by weight wherein the total (xiv) and (i) is
100% by weight and the crosslinking agent has a functional group capable of reacting with at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group being contained in the water-soluble polymer, and the
crosslinking agent and the water-soluble polymer are used in a molar ratio range of 0.001 to 1.0 between a functional group of said crosslinking agent and a functional group of said water-soluble polymer wherein said monomer (i) has the structure:
##STR42## wherein M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
and R.sup.3 denotes H or CH.sub.3 ;
wherein said monomer (xiv) has the formula: ##STR43## wherein u is the integral number of 1 to 100; with the proviso that, when u is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are
different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
4. A method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by a polymerization reaction of a monomer (e), which has at least two polymerizable double bonds and has as a structural unit at least one divalent group
having the below-described formula (I) between the double bonds, with a monomer (f), which has one polymerizable double bond capable of copolymerizing with the double bond in (e) and is able to form a main chain structure capable of leading to a
water-soluble polymer of a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 ##STR44## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR45## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required if R.sup.2 is ##STR46##
and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5, said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR47## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is0 or 1;
M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different, and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
and wherein the water-soluble polymer further comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR48## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10; q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.sup..crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and with the proviso that when q is an integral number of from 1-100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and may be regular or irregular;
and with the proviso that when q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2 respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their
arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
5. A method for producing a cement additive as claimed in claim 3, wherein the crosslinking agent is a polyvalent glycidyl compound.
6. A method for producing a cement additive as claimed in claim 2, in which the crosslinking agent has a weight average molecular weight of 100 to 5,000.
7. A method for producing a cement additive as claimed in claim 4, which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by reacting a monomer (e) in an amount of 0.1 to 50% by weight, with a monomer (xiv) in a series of (poly)alkyleneglycol
mono(meth)acrylates present in an amount of 1 to 98.9% by weight, and a monomer (i) in a series of (meth)acrylic monomers present in an amount of 1 to 98.9% by weight such that the total amount of (e), (xiv) and (i) is 100% by weight wherein said monomer
(i) has the structure: ##STR49## wherein M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group; R.sup.3 denotes H or CH.sub.3 and
wherein said monomer (xiv) has the structure: ##STR50## wherein u is an integral number of 1 to 100; R.sup.3 is defined above; R.sup.5 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4; R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5,
such that when u is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular.
8. A method for producing a cement additive as claimed in claim 4, in which a monomer (e) is at least one member selected from the group consisting of
A product from a reaction of at least one compound selected from monoester diols and polyester polyols with a polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of reacting with a hydroxy group in said diols and polyols,
A product from a reaction of at least one compound selected from monoester dicarboxylic acids and polyester polycarboxylic acids with a polymerizable monomer having a functional group capable of reacting with a carboxyl group in said acids,
A product from a reaction of at least one compound selected from polyols and polyepoxy compounds with a polymerizable monomer having a carboxyl group separated from a polymerizable double bond by at least one carbon atom,
A product from a reaction of at least one compound selected from polycarboxylic acids with a polymerizable monomer having a hydroxyl group or an epoxy group separated from a polymerizable double bond by at least one carbon atom, and,
A product from a reaction of at least one compound selected from monoester polyepoxy compounds and polyester polyepoxy compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the epoxy group in said polyoxy compound.
9. A cement composition comprising cement, water and a cement additive comprising a crosslinked polymer in which, between main chains having a water-soluble polymer structure of a weight average molecular weight from 500 to 100,000, a bond
having as a structural unit at least one divalent group having the following formula (I) is formed ##STR51## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of: ##STR52## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required if
R.sup.2 is ##STR53## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5, said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree.
C.,
wherein said main chains comprise at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR54## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is 0 or 1;
M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 1 to 5;
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said main chains further comprise at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of ##STR55## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10; q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that, when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 groups may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and with the provision that when q is an integral number of from 1-100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and may be regular or irregular,
and wherein q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2, respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular
or irregular,
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
10. A cement composition comprising cement, water and a cement additive obtained from a method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by combining water-soluble polymers having a weight average molecular
weight of 500 to 100,000 to one another by using a crosslinking agent which has a structural unit or is capable of forming at least one divalent group having the following formula (I): ##STR56## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from
the group consisting of: ##STR57## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required if R.sup.2 is ##STR58## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5,
said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR59## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is 0 or 1;
M is at least one member of the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group, and an organic amine group,
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 1 to 5,
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular, and
wherein the water-soluble polymer further comprises at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of ##STR60## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10, q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.sup..crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that, when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
with the proviso that when q is an integral number of from 1 to 100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and max be regular or irregular,
with the proviso that when q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2, respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement
may be regular or irregular,
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
11. A cement composition comprising cement, water and a cement additive obtained from a method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by combining water-soluble polymers having a weight average molecular
weight of 500 to 100,000 to one another by using a crosslinking agent which has a structural unit or is capable of forming at least one divalent group having the following formula (I): ##STR61## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from
the group consisting of: ##STR62## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required if R.sup.2 is ##STR63## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5,
said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises --COOM and ##STR64## wherein M is at least one member of the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group, and an organic amine group,
R.sup.5 denotes an alkylene group of carbon number 2 to 4;
u is an integral number of 1 to 100; and
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5,
with the proviso that when u is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
wherein the water-soluble polymer is derived from a (poly)alkyleneglycol mono(meth)acrylate monomer (xiv) in an amount of 1 to 99.9% by weight and a (meth)acrylic monomer (i) in an amount of 99 to 0.1% by weight wherein the total (xiv) and (i) is
100% by weight and the crosslinking agent has a functional group capable of reacting with at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group being contained in the water-soluble polymer, and the
crosslinking agent and the water-soluble polymer are used in a molar ratio range of 0.001 to 1.0 between a functional group of said crosslinking agent and a functional group of said water-soluble polymer wherein said monomer (i) has the structure:
##STR65## wherein M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
and R.sup.3 denotes H or CH.sub.3 ;
wherein said monomer (xiv) has the formula: ##STR66## wherein u is the integral number of 1 to 100; with the proviso that, when u is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are
different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
12. A cement composition comprising cement, water and a cement additive obtained from a method for producing a cement additive which comprises obtaining a crosslinked polymer by a polymerization reaction of a monomer (e), which has at least two
polymerizable double bonds and has as a structural unit at least one divalent group having the below-described formula (I) between the double bonds, with a monomer (f), which has one polymerizable double bond capable of copolymerizing with the double
bond in (e) and is able to form a main chain structure capable of leading to a water-soluble polymer of a weight average molecular weight of 500 to 100,000 ##STR67## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently are selected from the group consisting of:
##STR68## with the proviso that R.sup.1 is not required if R.sup.2 is ##STR69## and wherein R and R' independently denote an alkyl group of carbon number of 1 to 5, said crosslinked polymer having a maximum viscosity of 100,000 cps in a 20% by weight
aqueous solution or dispersion at a temperature of 20.degree. C.,
wherein the water-soluble polymer comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR70## wherein m is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 50; n is 0 or 1;
M is at least one member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a monovalent, divalent or trivalent metal group, an ammonium group and an organic amine group;
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently denote an alkylene group of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.7 denotes an alkylene group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
with the proviso that when m is at least 2, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different, and when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular,
and wherein the water-soluble polymer further comprises at least one group selected from the group consisting of ##STR71## wherein p is an integral number of 1 to 10; q is 0 or an integral number of 1 to 100;
r and s are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 3;
t and u are, respectively, an integral number of 1 to 100;
A.sup.1 is a straight chain divalent or branched trivalent ring-opened group of an alkyleneimine of 2 to 4 carbon atoms;
R.sup.8 denotes CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.9 denotes H, CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ;
R.sup.10 denotes H or an alkyl group of carbon number 1 to 5; and
X.sup..crclbar. denotes an anionic pair ion,
with the proviso that when p is at least two, a plurality of A.sup.1 may be the same or different and, when a plurality of A.sup.1 are different from one another, their arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and with the proviso that when q is an integral number of from 1-100, the arrangement of A.sup.1 and R.sup.5 O may be normal or reverse and may be regular or irregular;
and with the proviso that when q is at least 2, when t is at least 2, and when u is at least 2 respectively, a plurality of R.sup.5 O may be the same or different and, when a plurality of R.sup.5 O are different from one another, their
arrangement may be regular or irregular;
and wherein said crosslinked polymer is capable of forming a water-soluble polymer by cleavage of the divalent group in an alkaline medium.
13. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving the cement additive of claim 1 into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
14. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 6, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
15. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 7, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
16. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 8, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
17. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 2, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
18. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 3, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
19. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 4, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
20. A method for dispersing cement, comprising:
dissolving a cement additive, obtained according to the method of claim 5, into water; and
mixing a hydraulic material with said water in which said cement additive is dissolved.
21. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive as described in claim 1;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
22. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 6;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
23. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 7;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
24. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 8;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
25. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 2;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
26. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 3;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
27. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 4;
water; and
a hydraulic material.
28. A method for dispersing cement, comprising mixing the following materials:
a cement additive obtained according to the method of claim 5;
water; and
a hydraulic material. |
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