 |
Description  |
|
|
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
U.S. Pat. No. 5,223,924 relates to an improved television interface system
which accesses a downloaded TV program information database, which can be
continually updated, and which is provided either "over the air", over
cable or satellite transmission, or other "fast data" path, and which
automatically correlates the information provided thereby with the
preferences of the user, to create at least one further program
information database based upon the results of the correlation. The parent
application relates to a method and apparatus which utilizes aspects of
the correlation methodology, to determine the electronic shopping
preferences of a user.
The instant application applies the above mentioned correlation techniques
to the task of aiding the user in selecting a movie from a large database,
for example a "video on demand" type on-line movie system.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,867 describes an interface for a TV-VCR system which
enabled the user to enter information concerning the user's favorite
television programs as well as information about programs stored on video
tape. Such information can include program name, broadcast channel,
starting time, length, repeat pattern and whether the user wanted the
program recorded. The patent further describes an interface system in
which such information could be provided in an intuitive and easy manner
through the television receiver's PIP display. The teachings of this
patent are incorporated by reference herein.
Television systems utilizing downloadable information databases have been
described, for example, by Insight Telecast, Inc. and in U.S. Pat. Nos.
4,751,578; 4,706,121 and 4,977,455, which are incorporated by reference
herein. Using these systems, TV program information can be downloaded and
stored in a memory and used by a processor to control a programmable TV
tuner. U.S. Pat. No. 5,093,718 describes a system which can provide such
information, including graphics and interactive options, over a "fast
data" path which can be a cable, fiber optic or satellite system.
Interactive, or "two way" television systems permitting viewer responses
to video programming, are described for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,101,267 and 4,591,906, which are incorporated by reference herein.
Integrated data services networks (IDSN) and bi-directional cable systems
can also provide this interactivity and have been extensively discussed in
the literature. These references are incorporated by reference herein.
In the December, 1986 issue of "Communications of the ACM" (Vol. 29, No.
12, pp. 1229-1239), in an article by Stanfill and Kahle entitled "Parallel
Free-Text Search On The Connection Machine System", the method known as
"free text search" is described in the article which details one method in
which seed words are located which can be used to correlate information
provided in one or more portions of text. Another paper entitled
"Incremental Relevance Feedback" by Aalbersberg, which was published in
the Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference
on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, Jun. 21-24, 1992,
describes the use of "free text" search techniques in text information
retrieval. The teachings of these articles are specifically incorporated
by reference herein.
Pay-per-view movie selection/delivery systems are popular features of
today's cable television systems. Most of these systems feature a limited
choice of movies shown on a fixed schedule which can be viewed if
requested and paid for by the viewer. Digital television technology, which
permits rapid delivery of programming in compressed digital form, now
makes it possible for cable, DBS, ISDN and "video dialtone" services to
offer a much greater number of choices to the viewer on an "on demand" or
"near on demand" basis. Such systems might offer hundreds of different
movie titles in many different categories. The concept of "browsing" from
among so many different possible choices is usually dealt with by nesting
several different menus and thus, with time, aiding the viewer in choosing
one movie from the many offered. Selection and ordering of a chosen movie
with these new systems can therefore involve complicated menus and
selection steps.
The object of the instant invention is to simplify this browsing and
selection process.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In the near future viewers will be able to electronically "browse" through
large databases in order to select a movie for immediate viewing over
their cable, satellite, phone company, integrated data services network
(ISDN) or other video dialtone systems. The particular movie selected via
a return link to the system headend, is provided in digital form using
multiplexed data transmission methods such as those described in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,119,188 and 5,132,992 which are incorporated by reference herein.
A feature of the instant invention is to utilize the correlation
methodology described in the grandparent patent ('924) and parent
application, to enable a viewer to select a movie from a large number of
movies without having to go through numerous nested levels of menu
choices. The invention provides iteratively a first list of program titles
likely to be desired by the viewer. The viewer provides feedback on each
of the initial titles presented so that in accordance with the invention,
the system can provide the viewer with a second list which matches his
preferences even better than the first list. This process is repeated
providing subsequent, and more directed, lists of program titles to the
viewer and ends when the viewer selects a title to watch.
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises an interface system which
can be used with an interactive television transmission system carrying,
along with television programming, an updatable entertainment database
containing a large number of offered movies, television or other audio
and/or visual program category choices. The selection categories can
comprise, for example, title of the selection, featured stars, type of
program (i.e. comedy, drama, mystery, science-fiction, musical, adult,
etc.), plot summary, critical review, and still or moving audio and or
video clips from the selection.
The interface system comprises a processor which utilizes "free text"
search techniques well known to those skilled in the programming art, such
as those taught in the references incorporated herein.
A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a system and method which
also comprises means for controlling the audio/video selection, retrieving
and display of selection information as part of the television display
(for example using an overlay or PIP function).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system comprising a preferred embodiment of
the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram describing one of the RF decoders shown in FIG.
1;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the processor shown in FIG. 1; and
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram illustrating viewer directed automatic browsing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
The embodiment of the invention described herein provides many of the
features first described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,047,867 which is owned by the
assignee of the instant application and which has common inventorship with
the instant application. The '867 patent describes the manner in which
portions of memory can be used to store various categories of programming
information. For example, a first memory portion can store, in the form of
a database, information related to future television programs, as well as
information concerning those programs which are preferred by the user. By
accessing this database, the user can display "Future Programs" as well as
"Favorite Broadcast Programs" using a system of advanced menus and
displays incorporating PIP, and an expanded channel ring. The techniques
for providing information from specific databases to the user, described
in the '867 application can be readily adapted to the display requirements
of the instant invention and are incorporated by reference herein.
FIG. 1 describes in block diagram form, a preferred embodiment of the
invention. In this embodiment, it is assumed that a large database
containing a list of programming selections (e.g. pay-per view movie
selections) is available to the viewer via his cable, DBS, Telco, ISDN or
other online program delivery service. The database comprising this list
of titles and other descriptive information about the programming
selections will be referred to hereinafter as "DOP" (descriptions of
programming). The database which includes both the listing of available
movies as well as the movies themselves are provided, for example, via a
digital transmission system which carries compressed audio/video
programming data (for example in using the MPEG and MUSICAM formats). This
information can be updated periodically.
The arrangement described in FIG. 1, is for example only and it should be
understood that the various block elements can be separate, or integrated
into larger apparatus as shown, and still be within the province of the
invention. The DOP is provided in digital form at input 2. This data can
be provided as an RF signal either "over the air" or by one way or
interactive (two way) cable, fiber optic, satellite, telco or other
appropriate means of delivery for such information. For purposes of this
description, we will assume that the digital data is provided by a
wideband or "fast digital" data channel thereby permitting DOP which can
include text and pictorial information related to movies and other
programming selections offered to the viewer.
In the embodiment of the invention shown, a cable or phone company (telco)
interface 5 is used in conjunction with a television receiver/display 40.
The interface 5 comprises a processor 35, an RF/digital decoder 10, a
graphics generator 16 and an overlay circuit 15 which allows a combined
display of the A/V material as provided by RF/digital decoder 10 and DOP
text information. Such circuits are known to those skilled in the art and
may be replaced by PIP circuitry and/or be switchably connected in the
interface 5 so that the viewer could choose to view only the A/V material
or the DOP information. The DOP information can include preview "clips" as
well as information which can be used with graphics generator 16.
Remote control 42 is used by the viewer to control the interface 5 and
television receiver/display 40 in the known fashion, and also provides
input keys with which the viewer can indicate "liked" or "disliked" items
of the DOP during the browsing mode described below, and can choose the
input to television receiver/display 40 to show only A/V material, only
DOP information, or program material "overlayed" with the DOP graphics
from graphics generator 16 or DOP information presented as a PIP display.
Decoder 10 functions to demodulate and decode or otherwise process the A/V
material and DOP information, as described in more detail below. Decoder
10, separates the DOP information provided by the RF signal input 2 from
the A/V material and provides the DOP data to processor 35. The A/V
material from decoder 10 can be passed directly to receiver/display 40 or,
as shown, via the switchable overlay unit 15. Although not shown, the
overlay unit 15 could be replaced by a PIP display generator (as described
in the parent application). The DOP data is processed by processor 35, as
described in detail below, in conjunction with graphics generator 35, to
provide a text output which can be combined with the A/V material in
receiver/display 40.
FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram of RF/digital decoder 10. In a fast
data channel, data including the DOP can be provided in the form of
packets comprising A/V data in compressed form. The DOP can comprise audio
and full motion video display of "clips" of each offered program
selection, as well as text summary descriptions of each selection which
would comprise information about the plot, featured stars, category
(comedy, drama, musical etc.) and critic's review information.
The RF signal upon which the digital data is modulated, for example, is
provided to tuner and demodulator 6 which demodulates and separates the
packets. Packet selector 7, separates the A/V material packets from the
DOP packets, using techniques well known in the digital signal processing
art, and provides the compressed program data packets to data decompressor
8 and DOP data packets to buffer 9. Decompressor 8 decompresses the
program data to provide audio and video television programming via buffer
9, to overlay circuit 15. It should be stated here that although the
program data is presented in this example as being digital in form, it
could also be analog information, thus eliminating the need for the packet
selector (except to separate the DOP packets) and the data compressor. If
the DOP information contains any compressed image data, another data
decompressor could be used to process that data.
Processor 35 is shown in more detail in FIG. 3. It comprises a CPU 50,
programmed to perform memory addressing functions necessary to set up and
control read/write instructions to volatile memory configured into three
sections, to contain respectively a first database 52, a second database
54 and a third database 56. CPU 50 also is programmed to accept positive
and negative feedback from the viewer via remote control 42, and use this
feedback in conjunction with one or more of the databases 52, 54, and 56,
as described below. In addition, CPU 50 is programmed to perform "free
text" search operations as described, for example, in the references
incorporated herein, on one or more of the databases 52, 54 or 56.
Database 52 is used to store the DOP data downloaded from, and periodically
updated by, the headend of the online programming service. In other words,
the DOP data for all (or a preselected group) of the available "on demand"
programs is provided to database 52 (hereinafter referred to as DB1).
Database 54 is used to store records selected from those stored in DB1
which are indicated as "liked" by the user or "disliked" by the user. In a
simplified embodiment, the viewer make only one judgment about a
particular DOP selection. In a more complex embodiment the user would be
able to specifically indicate more than one opinion about what is "liked"
or "disliked" about the DOP selection, for example by moving a viewer
controlled cursor to the name of an actor or director or to a keyword in
the DOP data before pressing the "like" or "dislike" button.
The '867 patent describes the use of an expanded channel ring and display
system to allow a user to browse through a group of records. These
techniques can also be used in conjunction with the databases 52, 54 and
56, to display the information stored therein.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart which describes the browsing/selection process. The
"liked" or "disliked" indications can be made in several ways. The
browsing sequence begins 100 when the viewer presses a "start" or "movie"
button on remote control 42 which directs CPU 50 to begin addressing the
DB1 (i.e. memory section 52).
In a manner similar to the display processes described in the '867 patent,
the DOP information from DB1 for a current hit movie H is provided as
record N 105 and the information, either in text, video "clip" and/or
audio form, is displayed for review by the viewer 110. The overlay circuit
30 can also be controlled in known fashion by the viewer using remote
control 42 and the chosen data record can be displayed as text or graphic
information superimposed over the pictures provided by the A/V material
provided by decoder 10. These modifications are to be understood as
variations of the invention as described herein.
Upon viewing the DOP record N, the viewer can then register whether or not
he "likes" or "dislikes" the displayed selection 115. Although not shown,
it is to be understood that remote control 42 can have "like" and
"dislike" buttons. The other buttons of the remote control 42 could be
programmed to register "like" and "dislike" as well, for example choosing
"channel up" in response to a particular selection could register
"dislike". Known systems exist for use with such systems to select "pay
per view" movies and can easily be adapted to use as a mechanism for
indicating an item for purchase.
By inputting a "like" responses a flag is set in the record N and then
stored, along with that record, in memory section 54 (hereinafter referred
to as DB2) 116. A negative response by the viewer can similarly be made by
pressing a button on the remote control 42 marked "dislike" which would
set a corresponding flag in the record which is stored with the record N
in DB2 120. The viewer can see a selection on which he has previously
given his opinion by pressing "back" 118.
After registering "like" or "dislike" for record N=H, the processor 35
correlates DB2 with DB1 125 in order to create a third database stored in
memory 56 (hereinafter referred to as "DB3") which represents a
personalized information database made up of only those selections from
DB1 which strongly correlate to "liked" and "disliked" records stored in
DB2.
In the correlation step 125, the DOP information field containing the text
summary of each record stored in DB2 is analyzed in accordance with the
"free text" search techniques described and the references incorporated
herein. This text summary would typically describe details about the
corresponding program selection such as category (e.g. drama, comedy,
musical), featured stars, plot summary, etc. Unimportant words like "a",
"the" etc are removed The remaining words are reduced to their stems (i.e.
prefixes and suffixes are removed). Each stem in each "liked" record is
given a positive weight. Each stem in each "disliked" record, which is not
simultaneously a stem in a "liked" record is given a negative weight. With
these stems and weights a "simple query" is performed over all of the DOP
data records in DB1, i.e. the downloaded DOP database.
In the "simple query" every record in DB1 is scored (for potential
retrieval value) by adding up the weights for the word stems it contains.
The total score is then normalized with respect to the length of the
respective text record. Additional techniques can be used to speed up this
query, in particular, the "surrogate coding" described in the Stanfill &
Kahle reference incorporated herein. Different weight values could also be
assigned for different types of viewer "like" inputs. Those records are
sorted according to their respective retrieval values (i.e. weights) and
are stored in order according to retrieval value (highest values are
first).
After duplicate records stored in DB3 are removed 126, N is set to the
record in DB3 having the highest score and offered as the next selection
to the viewer 127, 110. DB3 represents an iteratively generated
personalized version of the downloaded DOP database DB1 which is
continually updated via steps 115 to 127, until a selection is chosen for
viewing 121.
As described in FIG. 4, only the highest scoring DOP record is presented to
the viewer for judgment. The system could be made more complex by
presenting several of the highest scoring selections to the user for
judgment. Keywords of each of the DOP records could also be judged by the
viewer.
DB2 represents a "mood profile" which represents a highly up to date
interest profile of the viewer. Rather than describing the viewer's
general interests, DB2 represents the viewer's programming preference
during the current program selection process. This preference is highly
dependent on his current mood. For example, although the viewer might in
general like science fiction movies, at any given time he might be in the
mood for a comedy. By indicating "liked" for several offered comedy
selections during a particular browsing session, his "mood profile", as
reflected in DB2, would be dominated by comedy selections. Thus, the
invention provides a method for allowing the user to correlate his or her
preferences, in an automatic fashion using, for example, "free text"
searching techniques, in order to generate iteratively a personalized DOP
database from which to choose a program selection.
The invention avoids the use of a complicated network of nested menus by
correlating all of the possible program selections with the "past history"
of preferences previously registered by the viewer and stored in DB2, and
offering to the viewer ONLY those which correlate with those preferences.
The compilation of DB2 (the "mood profile") terminates when a programming
selection is chosen for viewing. DB2 is cleared and reset each time a
browsing session is started.
In case of a two-way interactive system (e.g. two-way cable, telephone
system, etc.) the processor and databases of FIG. 3 can be located at the
headend (cable company or telephone company), or be distributed between
the headend and the TV set.
While the invention has been described in its preferred embodiment, it is
to be understood that the words which have been used are words of
description rather than of limitation and that changes within the purview
of the appended claims may be made without departing from the true scope
and spirit of the invention in its broader aspects.
* * * * *
|
|
 |
|
 |
Description |
|
