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Description  |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
This invention concerns a device to transfer information in motor vehicle
traffic between a transmitter-building element associated with a roadway
and receivers arranged in motor vehicles of a type in which the
transmitter-building element transmits a coded information signal and
receivers in the motor vehicles receive and analyze the information
signal.
An information system for use by vehicles in a roadway is described in
German Offenlegungsschrift DE 36 36 258 A1. With this system, driver
information concerning a particular stretch of roadway, for example a
speed limit, is suggested to be clearly brought before the eyes of drivers
in interiors of vehicles. To accomplish this, traffic indication
transmitters are appropriately arranged whose transmitted signals are
received and evaluated by vehicles driving past. It is disadvantageous
that such transmitters require their own power supplies. Thus, such
transmitters require continuous maintenance.
German Offenlegungsschrift DE 39 11 916 A1 describes a process to recognize
traffic indications. The apparatus described therein works with a
transmitter and a signal identification generator. Each of these is
supplied with current by means of a solar generator with a charging
regulator and auxiliary battery. In addition to the solar generator a wind
generator can be provided. Such an apparatus is quite expensive. Further,
structural signal shielding is necessary to guide an information signal to
only one vehicle.
In European patent application EP 0 521 846 A1 a wireless signaling system
for motor vehicles is described. Also here a dedicated power supply is
described for a transmitter. Further, shielding from other vehicles is
necessary.
In a publication by the firm AEG, Elektronische Identifikation, a
transponder and a read-out device arranged therewith are described. In
this device objects in which such transponders are mounted are moved past
the read-out device in order to identify the objects. The transponder is
provided with a coil to receive a changing magnetic field for creating a
changing, or alternating, voltage. The changing voltage provides energy to
an integrated circuit in the transponder. The integrated circuit contains
a fixed-code in memory as well as logic and a control component. When
activated by a magnetic changing field the transponder sends the stored,
or memorized, fixed code as a digital code signal. The changing magnetic
field is created by a sensing apparatus which is stationary.
In German patent DE 40 03 410 C2 transponders are described for marking, or
identifying, animals, for automated production, for cashless payment, and
for motor vehicle identification.
According to the state of the art, such transponders are built into a
non-stationary part of an information transmittal system.
It is an object of this invention to provide apparatus of the type set
forth in the opening paragraph above in which provision of energy to the
transmitter-building element is uncomplicated, for which construction
costs of the transmitter-building element are low, and for which it is not
necessary to employ shielding measures for transmitting signals.
SUMMARY
According to principles of this invention, a transmitter-building element
is built into pavement forming a roadway and loop antennas are arranged in
floor areas of vehicles driving over the transmitter-building element for
transmitting energy to the transmitter-building element.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is described and explained in more detail below using the
embodiments shown in the drawings. The described and drawn features, in
other embodiments of the invention, can be used individually or in
preferred combinations. The foregoing and other objects, features and
advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following more
particular description of a preferred embodiment of the invention, as
illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which reference characters
refer to the same parts throughout the different views. The drawings are
not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating
principles of the invention in a clear manner.
FIG. 1 is a partially schematic, partially block diagram of a transponder
of this invention along with an antenna and read-out device;
FIG. 2 is a partially cross-sectional, schematic, view of a roadway having
a transponder built into pavement thereof, with a motor vehicle driving
thereon receiving a traffic indication, or signal, from the transponder;
FIG. 3a is a view similar to FIG. 2 with only a segment of the receiving
vehicle being shown and a segment of a following vehicle being shown when
the transponder is providing a spacing warning;
FIG. 3b is a block diagram of a portion of an embellished transponder
including a counter;
FIG. 4a is a view similar to FIG. 2 when an indication of street condition
is provided; and
FIG. 4b is a block diagram of a portion of a transponder of this invention
having a temperature sensor and a moisture sensor combined therewith.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
A transponder 1 has a transmit-receive coil 2 with a condenser 3 connected
in parallel therewith. A resonance frequency of this oscillating circuit
is tuned to a transmitting frequency of a read-out device 4. This
transmitting frequency lies under 150 KHz according to postal regulations
of Germany as well as in those of other countries.
In the transponder 1, a voltage supply circuit 5 is arranged which is fed
via the coil 2 from transmitted energy of the read-out device 4, and the
entire circuit of the transponder 1 is supplied with energy therewith. The
transponder 1 is provided with a clock circuit 6 and a sequence-control
element 7 which addresses a memory 8. The memory 8 can be a ROM, PROM or a
EEPROM. The memory 8 stores respectively necessary information data. The
memory 8 is connected to the transmit-receive coil 2 via a data decoder 9
and a modulator 10 as well as a condenser 11. The oscillating circuit of
the transponder 1, formed by the coil 2 and the condenser 3, is tuned by
means of the parallel connected condenser 11. The read-out device 4
recognizes a changed resonance of the oscillating circuit 2, 3 and in this
manner accepts coded data of the memory 8 sent by the transponder 1.
Alternatively, the transponder can be provided with two oscillating
circuits having different resonance frequencies. Such a transponder
distinguishes the received frequency, with which energy is transmitted
from the readout device 4 to the transponder 1, from a transmission
frequency of the transponder.
Other known transponders can be used in the described apparatus for
transmitting information.
The transponder 1 is built into a driving-lane pavement 12 of a street as a
building element, or part thereof. Because of the small size of the
transponder 1, only a simple bore in roadway pavement 12 is necessary for
this. The transponder 1 is mounted at a place in the roadway pavement
which is usually driven over by vehicles 13 so that the transponder 1 is
driven over by vehicles 13. For wide, multi-lane roadways, a plurality of
transponders with the same information are built into roadway pavement in
adjacent lanes for a driving direction. A spacing arrangement used for
this prevents one from simultaneous driving over a plurality of
transponders. A frame antenna, or a coil antenna, 14 is arranged in a
floor of a vehicle 13 which is coupled to the read-out device 4 mounted in
the vehicle 13.
The coil antenna 14 has, for example, a length in a driving direction of
around 1.5 meters. At a maximum vehicle speed of 250 km/h, i.e., 70 m/s,
the transponder 1 remains in an area of the coil antenna 14 around 21 ms.
Assuming that the memory 8 is arranged to hold at least 32 bytes, or for a
more expensive system 64 bytes, and that with each second complete wave of
frequency of the transmission system a bit is transmitted, then it is
necessary for the transmitter transmission frequency to be greater than 50
KHz. This lies in a range of known transponders for which transponder
transmitting frequencies are around 64 KHz and read-out device
transmission frequencies are around 128 KHz.
The read-out device 4 which is arranged in the vehicle 13 is coupled to an
analyzing circuit 15 which controls a display, or indicating, device 16.
An electrical voltage U which comes from the voltage supply of the vehicle
13 is applied to the analyzing circuit 15. Energy from the energy supply
of the vehicle is transmitted, or transferred, through the read-out device
4 and the coil antenna 15 to the transponder 1.
Further, the analyzing circuit 15 receives additional vehicle data D, for
example travel signals, such as vehicle speed and steering deviation,
blinker confirmation signals, characteristic data of the vehicle
(passenger vehicles or trucks) or navigational data for a travel path, and
possibly other data.
According to the embodiment of FIG. 2, the transponder 1 is built into a
roadway pavement 12 near a speed limit traffic sign 17. Information
corresponding to that of the traffic sign 17 is stored in the memory 8 of
the transponder 1. If a vehicle 13 with a coil antenna 14 drives over the
transponder 1 then energy is transferred to the transponder 1 via the coil
antenna 14 so that it, the transponder, is activated and sends out its
stored, or memorized, information as a digital code signal. This energy
transfer can be caused by a changing magnetic field at the transponder.
The transponder information is received by the coil antenna 14 so that,
via the read-out device 4 and the analyzing circuit 15, the information of
the traffic sign 17 is shown on the indicating device 16. Preferably, the
indicating device 16 maintains this condition until the vehicle 13 drives
over a further transponder 1' which corresponds to a speed limit
terminating traffic sign. Via this transponder 1' the indication of the
speed-limit is cleared. The driver can thereby, during the entire
effective time of the speed limit, see it on the indicating device 16.
In order to protect a driver from stimulation overload due to indications
of superfluous information, it can be provided that the analyzing circuit
15 monitors the respective driving speed and displays it only if a legal
speed limit is exceeded.
If the traffic sign 17 is a passing-forbidden sign it can be continuously
indicated, in the same manner as a speed limit indication, during its
validity. It is, however, also possible to only display the mandated
passing-forbidden sign if a blinker arm is manipulated in a passing (to
the left) direction. As a further criteria for determining if passing is
taking place, it can be determined if a driving speed is not reduced.
Correspondingly, a course-changing driving direction traffic sign can be
continuously provided or can be provided only when there is a movement of
steering and/or a manipulation of a blinker arm which does not correspond
to a predetermined driving direction.
An indication of a distance traffic sign can, for example, be controlled by
route signals of motor vehicles.
For a vehicle sign which is valid for only special vehicles, such as
trucks, and not passenger vehicles, or height or weight limitations, these
areas of validity, or areas of limitation, can be stored in the memory 8.
Further, the vehicle-specific data can then be fed to the analyzing
circuit 15. In this case, for example, a speed limit valid for a truck
will not be displayed by an indicating device 16 of a passenger vehicle.
Accordingly, height limitations and speed limitations will not be
displayed in a vehicle that does not exceed these limitations. By these
means it is achieved that the driver is not distracted by superfluous
information.
Traffic signs are used which are valid only in particular situations, for
example, speed limits which exists only when the roads are wet. With the
device of this invention this additional information can also be
translated into various foreign languages. An appropriate catalog for
translating such additional information will, preferably, be provided in
the analyzing circuit 15. This simplifies the understanding of additional
information for drivers in foreign countries. It is, however, also
possible for such traffic signs, which are only effective during limited
additional conditions, for example "when wet", to only be displayed when
the appropriate atmospheric conditions are actually present. The
transponder 1 can then be provided with an appropriate sensor for
monitoring an actual condition of the roadway, in a manner as is described
below in relation to FIG. 4.
When the traffic sign is to be changed, the transponder arranged therewith
can be disabled by destruction thereof, because, normally, it is easier to
do this than to remove the transponder from the roadway pavement. For
programm-able transponders, the data of the memory 8 can be erased and
data corresponding to a new traffic sign, can be stored in the memory 8 in
a contactless manner. Read-out, or programming, devices are made available
to agencies responsible for maintaining roads with which functions of
installed transponders are controllable. They should have input/read-out
devices available with which programmable transponders can be adapted to a
new traffic situation.
There are also changing traffic signs which are controlled, according to
traffic situations, from a central traffic control office. In order to
adapt transponders corresponding to such changeable traffic signs the
transponders are programmed over connecting cables, or through wireless
signals.
To display the driving of a vehicle in a direction opposite to a mandated
direction, for example on one-way streets or on limited-access highway
entrances, a transponder pair is built into a roadway pavement, in series
in a driving direction, with the transponders of the pair giving off
different signals so that the analyzing circuit 15 can determine if the
proper first transponder is first driven over, followed by the second
transponder, or vice versa. If the transponder pair is driven over in an
improper direction, an optical and/or acoustical warning signal is
provided by the indicating device 16. A second transponder pair can also
be provided in the driving direction. If also then the second transponder
pair is driven over, an automatic intervention into motor electronics of
the vehicle 13 can take place via the analyzing circuit 15, which can lead
to a turning-off of the motor so that the vehicle 13 can no longer be
driven in the improper direction. The vehicle can then only be driven from
the driving area in reverse. If the transponders are driven across in the
correct direction then the above mentioned condition is erased.
At the same time that the indicating device 16 provides a visible warning
of the improper direction, the warning blinkers and/or the illumination of
the vehicle can be turned on by the analyzing circuit 15 in order to warn
other traffic participants.
Independently of, and in addition to, the above described functions of the
transponder 1 that is built into the roadway pavement 12, it can also be
used as a spacing warning apparatus for displaying in a following vehicle
13' a spacing A between it and a leading vehicle 13 (see FIG. 3a). The
transponder 1 is provided with a counter 18 controlled by the clock
circuit 6 (see FIG. 3b). When the coil antenna 14 of the leading vehicle
13 leaves the transponder 1 then the counter 18 begins to count. To do
this it is powered by the voltage supply circuit 5 which has stored a
remaining, or residue, energy from the transmission of the leading vehicle
13. When the following vehicle 13' drives over the transponder 1, a count
corresponding to the spacing A is transmitted via its coil antenna 14 to
its read-out device 4. The analyzing circuit 15 of the following vehicle
13' calculates from the transmitted count the spacing A and can also
reference this to a driving speed. The spacing and/or a deviation from a
minimum spacing for that speed is displayed on the indicating device 16.
The described apparatus for transferring information can also be used to
display road conditions. For example, a transponder 1 used particularly
for a traffic sign indicating slippery roadway (see FIG. 4a) has for this
purpose a temperature sensor 19 and a moisture sensor 20, arranged at the
surface of the roadway pavement 12, being coupled to the circuit of the
transponder 1 via an analog-digital converter 21. If the roadway is wet or
icy then the read-out device 4 receives from the transponder 1
corresponding warning information which is displayed as a warning signal
by the indicating device 16.
With other data of sensors coupled to the transponder or stored in the
memory 8 of the transponder 1 it is also possible to display a roughness
of the roadway, a curve radius, or a curve banking, on the indicating
device 16 and/or to have it operate directly on vehicle steering. For
example, it is also possible for this to operate on vehicles which have a
drivetrain, or gear, control.
The described transponders 1 which are set in the roadway pavement 12 are
suitable also for construction of a navigation system for motor vehicles
in which a predetermined route, or desired destination, is stored in a
navigation apparatus of each vehicle by means of an input device. In the
respective transponders, in this case, directional information and/or
street names, can be stored which are read by navigational apparatus of
vehicles passing over and compared with desired data.
When principles of this invention are employed, disturbing reflections of
the transmittal signal from buildings or other objects, for example, from
opposing traffic, passing vehicles or other radiation barriers, do not
appear. Particular measures for directional radiation of the transmitted
signal are unnecessary. Also, no radio-shaded areas can appear for
obstructing reception of the transmitted signal.
The fixed, constructed-in-place transmitter-building elements receive the
necessary energy from vehicles driving over them and send information back
to the vehicles. The vehicles send the energy and receive the information.
A transponder is provided as a transmitter-building element.
The transponder provides a stabile building element which can be built into
the pavement of a roadway without it being necessary that it be coupled to
an energy supply. Such transponders are comparatively inexpensive and are
suitable, therefore, to be deployed in large numbers with traffic signs.
Extremely varied information can be fixed in the transponders or can be
stored in programmable transponders.
While the invention has been particularly shown and described with
reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those of
ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail may be
made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
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