Modulation of the activity of the insulin receptor, enhancement of glucose uptake by cells, and other effects significant in the control and management of diabetes are accomplished using compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein each Ar is independently an aromatic moiety; each A is independently a proton-accepting substituent; each R is independently a noninterfering substituent; m is 0 or 1; n is 4-6; and each linker is independently an isostere of --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH-- or --NCHO--. Compounds in the genus of Formula (1) can also be used for structure activity studies to identify features responsible for the relevant activities.

Surface regeneration of affinity biosensors and characterization of biomolecules associated therewith by multivariate technique employing cocktails of regeneration agents to optimize regeneration of biosensor surface and/or characterize biomolecules associated therewith. Kits and stock solutions for use in the context of this invention, as well as associated computer algorithms are also disclosed.

Compounds, compositions, and methods for inhibiting the glycine transporter 2 and for inhibiting glycine transporter mediated neuronal activity. These compounds are particularly useful for treating diseases of the nerve and muscle, including psychoses, pain, epilepsy, neurodegenerative diseases, stroke, head trauma, multiple sclerosis and the like, and of muscle disorders, including diseases or conditions associated with increased muscle contraction, such as spasticity and myoclonus. In addition, the compounds may be used to discover other agents with improved activity in assays in which the compounds of the invention are active.

A system for producing substantially identical specific binding ligand (e.g., nucleic acid) probe arrays, for instance, by preparing and replicating an original master array and/or by providing a reusable assay array that is capable of being regenerated. In one embodiment the system includes the preparation and use of a) a master array surface having address sequences immobilized in the form of a patterned, and optionally random, array, b) a multi-ligand conjugate having a binding domain complementary to an address sequence, a binding domain complementary to a target sequence, and a third ligand for use in forming (e.g., by binding or polymerization) the conjugates into or onto the surface of assay array, which can be used with or upon disassociation of the address and its complementary sequences.

This invention provides methods of retentate chromatography for resolving analytes in a sample. The methods involve adsorbing the analytes to a substrate under a plurality of different selectivity conditions, and detecting the analytes retained on the substrate by desorption spectrometry The methods are useful in biology and medicine, including clinical diagnostics and drug discovery.