The present invention relates to materials which comprise a surface having pendant groups of formula (I), in which the groups --B-- are the same or different, preferably the same, and each is --CH.sub.2 -- or --C(.dbd.O)--, preferably --CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 is hydrogen alkyl of 1 to 12, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or a group capable of bonding to, or bonded to, a ligand or R.sup.1 is a polymerisable, preferably ethylenically unsaturated, group and Z is a zwitterionic group. Usually both groups B are the same and are joined to identical groups so that the compound of formula (I) is achiral. New compounds are achiral glyceryl phosphatidyl choline analogues. Surfaces having the groups (I) at their surface have improved biocompatibility, and show reduced fibrinogen absorption, reduced platelet activation, reduced microorganism adhesion and are useful in the production of implants or prostheses, for extra-corporeal circuitry for body fluids, for treating membranes of various type, for contact lenses. The compounds may also be used to form liposomes.
The present invention provides improved processes for purifying polymer preparations by removing contaminants, such as metal contaminants. The present invention also provides improved processes for producing phosphopolymers, which can yield improved polymers in terms of molecular weight, homogeneity, consistency and purity. Polymers and polymer preparations also are provided. The present invention is time, labor and energy efficient, and thus marks an improvement over past approaches.
The present invention relates to new biopolymer resistant coatings for materials that come in contact with such molecules in solution. Additionally, the present invention discloses a process for the fabrication of these coatings, under mild and scaleable reaction conditions, from simple, low molecular weight molecular components. Furthermore, the present invention teaches a general conceptual strategy for the design of additional protein resistant coatings.
A zwitterion containing an adduct having the formula (I) wherein Z is a zwitterionic group; X is an electron withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of carbonyl and sulphone groups, sulphonium and phosphonium salts; R is a difunctional organic group; A is O or NR.sup.6 where R.sup.6 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl groups; and R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an organic group; R.sup.4 is an organic group, preferably an optionally substituted alkyl group, an organopolysiloxane group, an organosilyl group or an oligo alkoxyalkyl group. The invention additionally provides processes for the production of such an adduct, polymers formed therefrom, coating processes and compositions comprising an adduct or polymers produced therefrom. ##STR1##
A silicon containing adduct having the formula (I) wherein X is an electron withdrawing group selected from the group consisting of carbonyl and sulphone groups, sulphonium and phosphonium salts; R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyalkyl, oligoalkoxyalkyl, di-alkylaminoalkyl, N-aryl-N-alky-laminoalkyl, hydroxyalkoxy, alkoxy, alkenyloxy, alkynyloxy, cycloalkoxy, cycloalkenyloxy, cycloalkynyloxy, aralkoxy, alkoxyaryloxy, alkoxyalkoxy, oligoalkoxyalkoxy, di-alkylaminoalkoxy, N-aryl-N-alkylamino-alkoxy, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl, N-diacyl-iminoalkyl groups, organosilane, organosiloxane, hydroxyaryl, hydroxyalkenyl, hydroxyalkynyl and hydroxy groups and any of the above groups substituted with one or more hydroxyl or xzwitterionic group Z, or R--X-- is a nitrile group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, linear and branched alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl groups, aryl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, haloaryl, haloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, alkoxyaryl, alkoxyalkyl, oligoalkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, mono- and di-alkylaminoalkyl, arylaminoalkyl, N-aryl-N-alkylaminoalkyl and -aminoaryl, acyloxy, acyloxyalkyl, acylaminoalkyl, N-diacyl-iminoalkyl groups, alkylaminocarbonyl, oxacycloalkyl, oxacycloalkenyl, organosilane and organosiloxane groups and any of the above groups substituted with a zwitterionic group Z, a hydroxyl group or an isocyanate group; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are individually selected from hydrogen and C.sub.1-12 alkyl groups; and at least one of groups R, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 contain an organosiloxane group Y and/or an organosilane group U. The invention additionally provides processes for the production of such an adduct, polymers formed therefrom, coating processes and compositions comprising an adduct or polymers produced therefrom ##STR00001##
