An electromagnetic relay has low heat transmission from the electromagnetic block to the contacts and a conductive circuit would have low electrical resistance. In the relay, a movable contact terminal is caulked to a yoke with a flat protruding segment between them to act as a spacer to reduce the heat transmission. The relay may also have a movable contact terminal and a movable hinged spring fixed to the yoke of the electromagnetic block. The hinged spring may then be directly electrically connected to the movable contact terminal which is fixed to the yoke to lower the electrical resistance.
A small-sized electromagnetic relay which can afford high current and dissipate generated heat efficiently is disclosed. A plate section 18c for coupling to one side of a yoke 14 is formed on a movable contact terminal 18. Countersunk rivet features at three or more positions which are not aligned on a line on the plate section 18c couple the movable contact terminal 18 to the yoke 14. A base end 16b of a movable contact spring 16 is coupled to the surface of the plate section 18c opposite to the yoke 14 to support the movable contact spring 16. In the countersunk rivet feature, each protrusion 14a formed on the yoke 14 is inserted into the corresponding countersunk hole 18d formed on the plate section 18c, respectively, and the tops of the protrusions 14a are crushed to expand its diameter so as to sandwich the plate section 18c against the yoke 14.
An electromagnetic relay and method of fabrication, in accordance with the present invention, include a base defining a bottom plane, a motor assembly mounted on the base, the motor assembly including a bobbin, a core with at least one winding about the core and an electrical component for electrically coupling to the at least one winding, the electrical component having leads configured to relieve stress in the at least one winding at coupling portions to the at least one winding. An armature is supported to be movable about a predetermined point for movement between two contact operating positions. At least one contact assembly for selectively providing one of an open and closed circuit is included. At least one terminal member is mounted on the base having a distal end for electrically connecting an end of the winding with a source of energy, and a proximal end is formed by at least one depending leg to define a slot for receiving at least one lead of the electrical component.
A relay is provided that has a base, connecting elements, a magnet system with a coil, a core arranged within the coil, an L-shaped yoke, and a plate-shaped armature, wherein the axis of the coil extends parallel to the first yoke leg, and a second yoke leg is connected to the first end of the core farthest from the base, and wherein the armature is pivoted on the first yoke leg and forms a working air gap with a second end of the core facing the base. A contact system has a contact spring that is fastened to the armature and carries a movable contact, and at least one fixed contact carrier that carries a fixed contact and is anchored in the base. The open end of the first yoke leg is supported on the upper surface of the base with two fork-shaped end sections, while the open end of the second yoke leg is likewise supported on the upper surface of the base by a yoke support parallel to the first yoke leg. The armature is pivoted on a pivot edge formed between the two end sections of the first yoke leg and is fastened to the outer side of the first yoke leg facing away from the coil via a return spring which engages between the end sections.
A CMOS device fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator structure and including circuitry and methods in a first embodiment dynamically shifts the threshold voltage of the CMOS device in a receiver to provide improved noise margin and in a second embodiment dynamically matches the threshold voltages in a differential amplifier to correct for manufacturing offset. To dynamically shift the threshold voltage for noise immunity, the back gate or bulk nodes of the devices is shifted through two similar circuits comprised of npn inverters with clamping devices. The back gate of the n device is biased at 0 volts for the maximum Vth and is biased at +1 threshold for the minimum Vth of the device. Only the back gate of the p device is biased at Vdd for the maximum Vth of the device and is biased at 1 Vth below Vdd for the minimum Vth of the device. The Vth of the n device and the p device should be less than the forward bias of the respective source volt junctions to prevent unwanted bipolar currents. By driving the back gates in opposite direction and in phase with the input to the receiver circuit, the threshold voltage of the receiver is moved away from ground (GND) when the input is at a logical "0" and way from Vdd when the input is at a logical "1" which raises the noise immunity of the receiver and speeds the response of the receiver to a desired signal To dynamically match a differential pair for offset correction, a feedback circuit performs a Fast Fourier Transformer analysis of the output signal to determine the presence of even harmonics. A feedback voltage is generated representative of the even harmonics and applied to the back bias contacts of the CMOS devices to correct the effects of the threshold mismatch in the differential pair.
An automotive relay and electrical connector box in which relays provided in the connector box do not include an integrated resistor, but provide for the attachment of a resistor only when a relay is connected to a circuit requiring resistance. When a common relay which does not include an internal resistor parallel-wired to the coil therein requires the connection of a resistor, both leads of a lead-type resistor are welded to terminals that project from the relay body.
