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Claims  |
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I claim:
1. A truss, comprising:
a plurality of truss cords;
a hinge provided on at least one truss cord of said plurality of truss
cords, said at least one truss cord having a plurality of hinge segments
and a hollow center throughout;
a pin inserted through said hollow center, said pin being attached to a
first group of hinge segments from said plurality of segments, such that
said first group of hinge segments is capable of rotating with respect to
a second group of hinge segments of said plurality of hinge segments, said
first group of hinge segments being different than said second group of
hinge segments;
a first connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a second
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said first connector
connecting to said first group of hinge segments; and
a second connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a third
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said second connector
connecting to said second group of hinge segments.
2. A folding truss, comprising:
a plurality of truss cords;
a hinge provided on at least one truss cord of said plurality of truss
cords, said at least one truss cord having a plurality of hinge segments
and a hollow center throughout;
a pin inserted through said hollow center, said pin being attached to a
first group of hinge segments from said plurality of hinge segments, such
that said first group of hinge segments is capable of rotating with
respect to a second group of hinge segments of said plurality of hinge
segments, said first group of hinge segments being different than said
second group of hinge segments;
a first connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a second
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said first connector
connecting to said first group of hinge segments;
a second connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a third
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said second connector
connecting to said second group of hinge segments;
wherein the folding truss is capable of occupying a first position where
said second and third truss cords are substantially spaced from each
other, and wherein the folding truss is capable of occupying a second
position where said second and third truss cords are substantially
adjacent to each other, said hinge permitting movement of the folding
truss between said first and second positions.
3. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, further comprising a bracket
mounted around said second truss cord and said third truss cord for
securing the folding truss in said first position.
4. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, wherein said plurality of truss
cords comprise three truss cords.
5. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, wherein said plurality of truss
cords comprise four truss cords having a first pair of diametrically
opposed truss cords and a second pair of diametrically opposed truss cords
with a footprint substantially forming a parallelogram.
6. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, wherein the plurality of truss
cords are made of steel.
7. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, wherein the plurality of truss
cords are made of aluminum.
8. A folding truss as recited in claim 2, wherein the plurality of truss
cords are made of plastic.
9. A folding truss as recited in claim 1, wherein said first connector
comprises webbing extending between said first group of hinge segments and
said second truss cord.
10. A folding truss as recited in claim 1, wherein said second connector
comprises webbing extending between said second group of hinge segments
and said third truss cord.
11. A folding truss as recited in claim 1, wherein said first group of
hinge segments comprises odd hinge segments of said plurality of hinge
segments, odd hinge segments being every other hinge segment starting with
a first hinge segment at one end of said at least one truss cord.
12. A folding truss as recited in claim 11, wherein said second group of
hinge segments comprises even hinge segments of said plurality of hinge
segments, even hinge segments being every other hinge segment starting
with a second hinge segment immediately adjacent said first hinge segment
at said end of said at least one truss cord.
13. A folding truss as recited in claim 3, wherein said bracket comprises a
bar member matingly connected to said second truss cord and said third
truss cord by an affixing member on each end of said bar member.
14. A folding truss as recited in claim 3, wherein said bracket comprises
an oblong member having ends which fit around said second truss cord and
said third truss cord.
15. A folding truss as recited in claim 3, wherein said bracket comprises a
substantially C-shaped member matingly connected to said second truss cord
and said third truss cord by an affixing member on each end of said
substantially C-shaped member.
16. A folding truss as recited in claim 5, further comprising a bracket for
securing the folding truss in said first position.
17. A folding truss as recited in claim 5, wherein said bracket is affixed
to diametrically opposed sides of the folding truss in said first
position.
18. A folding truss, comprising:
a plurality of truss cords, said plurality of truss cords having a
footprint substantially forming a parallelogram;
a hinge provided on at least two truss cords of said plurality of truss
cords, said at least two truss cords having a plurality of hinge segments
and being immediately adjacent to each other;
said at least two truss cords having said plurality of hinge segments
including a first group of hinge segments and a second group of hinge
segments, wherein said first group of hinge segments comprises odd hinge
segments, said odd hinge segments being every other hinge segment starting
with a first hinge segment at one end of at least two truss cords, and
said second group of hinge segments comprises even hinge segments, said
even hinge segments being every other hinge segment starting with a second
hinge segment immediately adjacent said first hinge segment at said end of
said at least two truss cords;
a first connector connecting a first hinge truss cord of said at least two
truss cords having said plurality of hinge segments and a second hinge
truss cord of said at least two truss cords having said plurality of hinge
segments, said first connector connecting to said first group of hinge
segments on said first hinge truss cord and connecting to said second
group of hinge segments on said second hinge truss cord;
a second connector connecting said first hinge truss cord to a third truss
cord of said plurality of truss cords; and
a third connector for connecting said second hinge truss cord to a fourth
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords.
19. A folding truss as recited in claim 18, wherein a bracket is mounted
around said third truss cord and said fourth truss cord of said plurality
of truss cords in an open position.
20. A folding truss, comprising:
a plurality of truss cords;
a hinge provided on at least one truss cord of said plurality of truss
cords, said at least one truss cord having a plurality of hinge segments;
a first connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a second
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said first connector
connecting to a first hinge segment at one end of said at least one truss
cord and skipping at least two hinge segments, then connecting at least
two consecutive hinge segments;
a second connector connecting said at least one truss cord with a third
truss cord of said plurality of truss cords, said second connector
connecting to a second hinge segment immediately adjacent said first hinge
segment at said end of said at least one truss cord and connecting a next
hinge segment immediately adjacent said second hinge segment, and skipping
at least two hinge segments;
wherein no single hinge segment is attached to both said first connector
and said second connector, and wherein the folding truss is capable of
occupying a first position where said second and third truss cords are
substantially spaced from each other, and wherein the folding truss is
capable of occupying a second position where said second and third truss
cords are substantially adjacent to each other, said hinge permitting
movement of the folding truss between said first and second positions. |
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Claims |
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Description |
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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to truss structures, and in particular to a
truss structure which provides rigid structural support when in an open
position, and which may be folded into a compact, closed position for easy
and inexpensive transport.
2. Description of the Related Art
Public presentations, such as for example trade shows and theatrical or
musical performances, typically make use of trusses as support structures
for equipment and/or decorative facades. Trusses are conventionally
shipped in preassembled sections, and are widely used for temporary
constructions due to their relative lightweight and structural stability,
and ease with which structures and/or frames may assembled and
disassembled therefrom. For example, to construct a trade show booth, the
truss sections may be quickly and easily joined to each other in any
desired configuration to provide a support for equipment and/or as a frame
for the booth. Upon completion of the trade show, the truss structure may
then be quickly and easily broken down and transported elsewhere.
An example of a typical truss comprises three elongate rods, referred to
herein as truss cords, and webbing attached between the three respective
rods to fix the structure in a permanent triangular configuration.
Conventional trusses may also have greater than three sides.
A disadvantage to conventional trusses is that they are relatively bulky
despite being comprised of relatively few members and little material.
This bulk has made trusses difficult and expensive to ship. As trusses are
frequently shipped from one location to another, the difficulty and
expense of shipment becomes significant. One known prior art system
attempting to address this problem is available from Display Structures,
Inc., Steamboat Springs, Colo. 80477. That system discloses truss sections
which collapse along their length (i.e., the dimension defined by the
length of the truss cords) when not in use. However, such a system is
practically limited with regard to the length of each truss sections, and
alternative, more versatile solutions are needed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an advantage of the present invention to provide a
lightweight and stable truss capable of supporting objects and/or
providing a frame for temporary or permanent constructions.
It is a further advantage of the present invention to provide a truss which
may be folded into a compact configuration which may be easily and
inexpensively transported.
It is a still further advantage of the present invention to provide a truss
which may be easily and quickly assembled into a rigid and stable
structure, and easily and quickly disassembled and folded into a compact
structure.
These and other advantages are accomplished by the present invention which
in a preferred embodiment relates to a foldable truss comprising three
truss cords and webbing connecting two of the three truss cords. The one
central truss cord includes hinge segments which allow the truss to occupy
a closed position, in which the truss is folded for transport, and an open
position, in which the truss is expanded into a stable triangular
configuration for supporting objects and/or providing a frame. The present
invention may further include various configurations of a bracket for
securing the truss in the rigid and stable open position. Although a
preferred embodiment of the invention comprises three sides, the truss
according to the present invention may include greater than three sides in
alternative embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings
in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a folding truss according to the present
invention in an open position;
FIG. 2A is a side view of a folding truss according to the present
invention;
FIG. 2B is a side view of a folding truss according to an alternative
embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 3A and 3B are top views of a folding truss according to the present
invention in opened closed positions, respectively;
FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a truss according to the present
invention;
FIG. 5 is a top view of a folding truss also showing a bracket securing the
truss in an open position;
FIGS. 6A-6C are top views of alternative embodiments of brackets for use
with the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a folding truss according to an alternative
embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 8A and 8B are top views of a folding truss according to the
embodiment of FIG. 7 in open and closed positions, respectively;
FIG. 9 is a top view of a folding truss according to the embodiment of FIG.
7 showing a bracket securing the truss in an open position; and
FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a folding truss according to an
alternative embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1-10;
which in general relate to a truss capable of folding into a compact
configuration which may be easily and inexpensively transported. In a
preferred embodiment, the truss may be used for public presentations, such
as for example trade shows and theatrical or musical performances.
However, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to
such public presentations, and may be used in any application for which
conventional trusses are presently used. Additionally, although the truss
according to the present invention may advantageously be quickly and
easily assembled and disassembled, it is understood that the present
invention may be used in permanent as well as temporary constructions.
Referring now to FIGS. 1-2B, there is shown a folding truss 20 comprising a
pair of unitary truss cords 22a and 22b and a central, hinged truss cord
24. Folding truss 20 further includes webbing 26a attached between the
hinged truss cord 24 and unitary truss cord 22a, and webbing 26b attached
between the hinged truss cord 24 and unitary truss cord 22b. Hinged truss
cord 24 may be comprised of a plurality of hinge segments, such as for
example segments 24.sub.1 through 24.sub.7. In the embodiment shown in
FIGS. 1-2B, each of the even hinge segments (24.sub.2, 24.sub.4, and
24.sub.6) are coupled to each other via webbing 26a. Similarly, each of
the odd segments (24.sub.1, 24.sub.3, 24.sub.5, and 24.sub.7) are coupled
to each other via webbing 26b. It is understood that the number and length
of each hinge segment on truss cord 24 may vary in alternative
embodiments.
The hinged truss cord 24 preferably includes a hollow center into which is
received a pin 28 (FIG. 4), which pin is then suitably fastened within the
center of the hinged truss cord 24. For example, once pin 28 is inserted
through the center of the hinged truss cord, a hole may be drilled through
the hinged truss cord and into the pin 28, and thereafter filled with
solder or the like to thereby fasten the hinged truss cord and pin 28
together. The pin may be fastened to the hinged truss cord at more than
one location, with the provision that the attachment points are located in
hinge segments that are each affixed to webbing 26a, or alternatively, in
hinge segments that are each affixed to webbing 26b. Attached in such a
manner, the even hinge segments are capable of rotating with respect to
the odd hinge segments along the hinged truss cord 24. In a preferred
embodiment, the webbing 26a and unitary truss cord 22a are attached to the
even hinge segments, and the webbing 26b and unitary truss cord 22b are
attached to the odd hinge segments. As webbing 26a and webbing 26b are
never attached to a common hinge segment, the webbing 26a and unitary
truss cord 22a are capable of rotating with respect to webbing 26b and
unitary truss cord 22b about an axis of rotation defined by the hinged
truss cord 24.
Although a preferred embodiment of the invention utilizes a pin through the
center of the hinged truss cord to provide hinged, rotational movement
between the hinge segments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that
other known mechanisms may be provided on or between adjacent hinge
segments to allow adjacent hinge segments to rotate with respect to each
other about a central axis through hinged truss cord 24.
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2A, in a preferred embodiment of the invention,
webbing 26a is attached to every other hinge segment, and webbing 26b is
also attached to every other hinge segment, with no single hinge segment
being attached to both webbing 26a and 26b. In alternative embodiments of
the invention, it is understood that the webbing 26a, 26b may be affixed
to the hinged truss cord 24 in configurations other than that shown in
FIGS. 1 and 2A. For example, as shown in the alternative embodiment of
FIG. 2B, webbing 26a or 26b may be attached to immediately adjacent
segments of the hinge segments 24.sub.1-7, and the webbing 26a or 26b may
have more than one segment between its attachment points with the hinged
truss cord 24. In each alternative configuration, what is required is that
no single hinge segment 24.sub.1-7 be attached to both webbing 26a and
26b.
Additionally, although a preferred embodiment of the invention illustrates
webbing 26a, 26b as extending diagonally in a zig-zag pattern between the
unitary truss cords and the hinged truss cord, those skilled in the art
will appreciate that the webbing may attach the unitary truss cords to the
hinged truss cord in other ways. For example, the webbing may extend
perpendicularly between the unitary truss cords and the hinged truss cord.
Other configurations of webbing are contemplated, with the provision that
no single hinge segment 24.sub.1-7 is attached to both webbing 26a and
26b.
In a preferred embodiment, the unitary truss cords 22a and 22b and the
hinged truss cord 24 are formed of 18 gauge steel tubing having a diameter
ranging between one-half inch and three-quarter inches. The webbing 26a,
26b is preferably formed of steel rods having a diameter ranging between
one-eighth inch and one-half inch. It is understood, however, that both
the size and type of materials used for the truss cords and webbing may
vary in alternative embodiments of the invention. For example, it is
understood that the diameter of the truss cords may be less than one-half
inch or greater than three-quarter inches, and that the diameter of the
webbing may be less than one-eighth inch or greater than one-half inch, in
alternative embodiments of the invention. Moreover, it is understood that
any of several rigid, high modulus materials may be used instead of steel.
For example, aluminum and/or plastic may be used as the truss cords and/or
webbing. Further still, although an embodiment of the truss cords utilizes
18 gauge tubing, it is understood that the wall thickness of the tubing
may vary in alternative embodiments. Additionally, as opposed to tubing,
the truss cords could alternatively be formed of rods having a solid
cross-section. Where the truss cords are comprised of a solid
cross-section, it may be preferable to use a more lightweight material
such as aluminum or plastic.
Referring now to FIGS. 3A and 3B, the hinged configuration of the folding
truss 20 as explained above allows the truss 20 to be positioned in an
"open position" shown in FIG. 3A, where the truss provides a rigid and
stable support structure. The truss 20 may also be folded into a "closed
position" shown in FIG. 3B, where the truss has a minimum footprint (i.e.,
the dimension of the truss viewed from a plane perpendicular to the length
of the truss cords). The closed position may be used when the truss is
being transported, or otherwise not in use as a structural support.
As shown in FIGS. 5-6C, in order to secure the truss 20 in a fixed and
repeatable position when in the open position, the present invention may
further include a bracket 30 which may be mounted around unitary truss
cords 22a and 22b. In a preferred embodiment, bracket 30 has a length so
as to space apart unitary truss cords 22a and 22b a fixed distance, which
distance is substantially equal to the distance between unitary truss cord
22a and hinged truss cord 24, and also equal to the distance between
unitary truss cord 22b and hinged truss cord 24. Thus, in a preferred
embodiment, upon fastening of the bracket 30 onto the truss 20, the truss
has a footprint substantially forming an equilateral triangle. It is
understood that the length of bracket 30 may vary with respect to the
distance between unitary truss cords 22a, 22b and hinged truss cord 24 so
as to vary the angle .theta.. It is further contemplated that the distance
separating the unitary truss cord 22a from the hinged truss cord 24 may be
less than or greater than the distance separating the unitary truss cord
22b from the hinged truss cord 24.
Bracket 30 may be formed of the same material as the truss cords and
webbing, and, as would be appreciated by those skilled in the art, may
have various configurations allowing the bracket to be affixed over the
tops or along the lengths of the unitary truss cords. For example, as
shown in FIG. 6A, bracket 30 may comprise a bar 32 having holes formed in
opposite ends. Bar 32 fits between the unitary truss cords 22a and 22b,
and is affixed thereat by means of shackles 34 and bolts 36. The shackles
comprise substantially U-shaped members each having holes in opposite
ends, with the bolts 36 fitting through the holes in the shackles 34 and
bar 32. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 6B, bracket 30 may comprise a
substantially oblong member having ends which fit around truss cords 22a
and 22b respectively. Further still, as shown in FIG. 6C, bracket 30 may
comprise a substantially C-shaped member having aligned holes near the
ends, in juxtaposed surfaces of the bracket, for receiving a bolt 36
capable of securing the bracket 30 in position about unitary truss cords
22a and 22b. As would be appreciated by those skilled in the art, bracket
30 may be formed of other configurations in alternative embodiments of the
invention to secure the truss 20 in a fixed position.
Thus far, a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described as
having three sides. However, the present invention may include more than
three sides in alternative embodiments. For example, FIGS. 7-8B show a
folding truss 38 having four sides. Folding truss 38 preferably includes
four hinged truss cords 40a-40d, with each hinged truss cord 40a-40d being
structurally and operationally identical to hinged truss cord 24 described
with reference to FIG. 1. For example, each of the hinged truss cords may
include a plurality of hinge segments, for example, segments 40a.sub.1-7
on cord 40a. It is understood that the number and length of each hinge
segment may vary in alternative embodiments. Each hinged truss cord is
attached to two other hinged truss cords by webbing 42 extending between a
given hinged truss cord and the two adjacent hinged truss cords. Webbing
42 may attach between a given hinged truss cord and its two adjacent
hinged truss cords in various configurations, with the provision that a
segment of the given truss cord is not attached by webbing 42 to both of
the truss cords adjacent thereto. Such attachment would prevent folding of
the truss 38 according to the present invention. Folding truss 38 is
capable of being set up in an open position, where the truss provides a
rigid and stable support structure as shown in FIG. 8A. A bracket (30), as
shown in FIG. 9 may be affixed to diametrically opposed sides of the open
truss to secure the truss in the open position. The truss 38 may also be
folded into a closed position where the truss has a minimum footprint. The
closed position may be used when the truss is being transported, or
otherwise not in use as a structural support.
It is further understood that a folding truss according to the present
invention may have greater than four sides in alternative embodiments of
the invention. Additionally, the truss according to the invention may
include various combinations of unitary and hinged truss cords in
alternative embodiments. For example, a further embodiment of the
invention may include four truss cords, with two adjacent cords being
hinged truss cords as described above, and the remaining two cords being
unitary truss cords as described above. In this embodiment shown in FIG.
10, there would preferably be no webbing between the adjacent unitary
truss cords. A bracket as described above could be provided over or around
the cords. The bracket would preferably be located between the unitary
truss cords to fix the truss in an open position. The bracket may be
formed of various lengths, to thereby provide the open truss in various
configurations. It is also contemplated that the bracket be located
between a unitary truss cord and a truss cord not immediately adjacent
thereto. This latter construction would fix the truss in an open position,
with a truss cord left over, potentially to be joined to a truss cord of
an adjacent truss, or some other structure, by a second bracket. As such,
several sections of the truss may be fixedly joined side-by-side to each
other or some other structure. It is contemplated that any of the folding
trusses described above may be joined side-by-side to each other or some
other structure by the use of connecting brackets. When not in use, the
truss according to the above-described alternative embodiments may be
folded into a compact position as described above.
In operation, a truss according to the present invention may be shipped or
otherwise transported to a site in its closed position. In a closed
position, the truss occupies a minimum of space, thereby facilitating ease
and efficiency of transport. Additionally, as volume of a shipped article
is generally a factor in determining shipping or transport costs,
transporting the truss in a closed position reduces expenses as compared
to conventional trusses. Upon reaching the site, the truss may be
unfolded, and secured into a rigid and fixed structure by mounting a
bracket 30 thereon. As would be appreciated by those skilled in the art,
several trusses according to the present invention (each such truss
referred to herein as a truss section) may be mounted on top of each
other, or side-by-side, to form a truss structure of variable length and
size. Each individual truss section may have a length of approximately six
feet or smaller, and optimally about three to five feet. However, it is
understood that the length of a truss section is not critical to the
present invention, and may vary in alternative embodiments. An end of each
truss cord may be fit with a pin which protrudes approximately 2-4 inches
above the truss cord. These pins are received within and mate with truss
cords of an adjacent truss section, so that the truss sections may be
stacked on top of each other, or otherwise joined. It is understood that
pin 28 through the center of hinged truss cord 24 may protrude above the
top of truss cord 24 to serve as such a stacking pin. It is further
contemplated that truss sections according to the present invention may be
used with conventional trusses. When it is time to disassemble the truss
structure, the individual truss sections may be separated from each other,
the brackets removed, and the trusses folded into a closed position for
transport to the next site.
Although the invention has been described in detail herein, it should be
understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments herein
disclosed. Various changes, substitutions and modifications may be made
thereto by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or
scope of the invention as described and defined by the appended claims.
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