The present invention provides a card base which is degradable by microbes in natural environment. The card base is excellent in properties necessary for card bases, such as tensile strength, impact strength, flex temperature, heat resistance, resistance to thermal expansion and contraction, blocking resistance and humidity resistance, and has rigidity, bending resistance and durability. The card base contains, as essential components, a 3-hydroxybutylate/3-hydroxyvalerate copolymer and a lactic acid polymer, and, where necessary, a polycaprolactone or a high-molecular aliphatic polyester. The card base has a single-layer structure, or a sandwich structure further having overlay layers comprising a composition containing, as essential components, a lactic acid polymer and either or both of a polycaprolactone and a high-molecular alphatic polyester.

An energy efficient method and apparatus for manufacturing a biodegradable, compostable, liquid-impermeable lined paper bag for containing wet (i.e. food) wastes by which all adhesives used in the process are cold glues applied without using heat and are applied through an extrusion and/or metering application means. Cellulose film is advantageously used for the paper liner and a dot matrix configuration of adhesive is applied between the cellulose and paper layers to laminate them together. The matrix-defined size of spacings between the points of application of adhesive on the cellulose film is such that both loss of the permeability of the cellulose film to water vapour and oxygen and creation of stress points on the cellulose film are minimized. A second cold glue is applied to the bag bottom section by a matrix of extrusion adhesive guns and programmable controller for activating the guns whereby the guns are activated according to a program of the controller for applying the second adhesive to pre-determined, programmable areas of the bag bottom section.

An energy efficient method and apparatus for manufacturing a biodegradable, compostable, liquid-impermeable lined paper bag for containing wet (i.e. food) wastes by which all adhesives used in the process are cold glues applied without using heat and are applied through an extrusion and/or metering application means. Cellulose film is advantageously used for the paper liner and a dot matrix configuration of adhesive is applied between the cellulose and paper layers to laminate them together. The matrix-defined size of spacings between the points of application of adhesive on the cellulose film is such that both loss of the permeability of the cellulose film to water vapour and oxygen and creation of stress points on the cellulose film are minimized. A second cold glue is applied to the bottom section by a matrix of extrusion adhesives guns and programmable controller for activating the guns whereby the guns are activated according to a program of the controller for applying the second adhesive to pre-determined, programmable areas of the bag bottom section.

A memorial marker that includes a cap, that is attached to the uppermost end of a rod and is a conventionally-oriented five point star that has a pair of lowermost pointed arms that depend skewly outwardly from the rod, and which equidistantly straddle, and clear, the uppermost end of the rod, and as a result thereof, allows a left half to be releasably captured between the pair of lowermost pointed arms and the uppermost end of the rod so as to maintain the card in a closed mode thereof when a left half of the card is folded onto a right half of the card, and the card is moved vertically upwardly on the rod, and the left half of the card is flexed and engaged between the pair of lowermost pointed arms and the uppermost end of the rod.