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Electrochemical sensor with dual purpose electrode    
United States Patent5954685   
Link to this pagehttp://www.wikipatents.com/5954685.html
Inventor(s)Tierney; Michael J. (San Jose, CA)
AbstractThe present invention provides an electrode assembly for use in a transdermal analyte sensor operating in an alternating polarity mode in which a single electrode element provides both the counter electrode and iontophoretic electrode functions. By combining both the functions of the iontophoretic and counter electrode, the surface area of the electrode with respect to each function may be made larger. In turn this increases the ability of the electrode to deliver the required electrical field over a larger area when operating in the iontophoretic mode as well as increasing the ability of the counter electrode to compensate for the larger sensing electrode facilitated by this new design.
   














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Drawing from US Patent 5954685
Electrochemical sensor with dual purpose electrode - US Patent 5954685 Drawing
Electrochemical sensor with dual purpose electrode
Inventor     Tierney; Michael J. (San Jose, CA)
Owner/Assignee     Cygnus, Inc. (Redwood City, CA)
Patent assignment
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Publication Date     September 21, 1999
Application Number     08/653,161
PAIR File History     Application Data   Transaction History
Image File Wrapper   Patent Term   Fees
Litigation
Filing Date     May 24, 1996
US Classification     604/20 600/322 600/347 600/362 600/573
Int'l Classification     A61B 001/30
Examiner     Bockelman; Mark
Assistant Examiner    
Attorney/Law Firm     Fabian; Gary R. Horne; Angela P. , McClung; Barbara G. ,
Address
Parent Case     CROSS-REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS This application is related to co-pending earlier filed application Ser. No. 08/373,931, filed Jan. 10, 1995 entitled "Iontophoretic Sampling Device with Integrated Sensor" and earlier filed application Ser. No. 08/580,212, filed Dec. 28, 1995 entitled "Continuous Monitoring of Physiological Analytes" each of which applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and which applications disclose inventions which were invented under an obligation to assign rights to the same entity as which the rights in the present invention were invented under an obligation to assign to.
Priority Data    
USPTO Field of Search     128/632 128/635 128/637 128/639 128/760 604/20 600/310 600/322 600/323 600/368 600/573 600/347 600/355 600/362
Patent Tags     electrochemical sensor dual purpose electrode
   
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 References Submit all comments and votes
 
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 U.S. References
 
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We claim:

1. An integral electrode assembly for use in a transcutaneous reverse-iontophoresis diagnostic system wherein chemical signals are extracted through the surface of a patient's skin by application of an electrical field, said assembly comprising:

(a) a pair of electrically connected iontophoretic electrodes adapted for applying electrical current to the skin to extract chemical signals therefrom;

(b) a first sensing electrode positioned adjacent one of the iontophoretic electrodes for detecting the chemical signals extracted thereby;

wherein the first sensing electrode is electrically connected with said iontophoretic electrode such that said iontophoretic electrode serves as a counter electrode therefor and defines a first sensor electrode pair.

2. The electrode assembly of claim 1 further comprising a second sensing electrode positioned opposite the first sensor electrode pair and adjacent the remaining iontophoretic electrode for detecting the chemical species extracted thereby, wherein the second sensing electrode is electrically connected to the adjacent iontophoretic electrode such that said iontophoretic electrode serves as a counter electrode therefor and defines a second sensor electrode pair.

3. The electrode assembly of claim 2 wherein the iontophoretic and sensing electrodes are located upon a planar substrate.

4. The electrode assembly of claim 3 wherein the substrate comprises a polymeric or ceramic material.

5. The electrode assembly of claim 4 wherein the substrate is a plastic film.

6. The electrode assembly of claim 2 further comprising a first and second reference electrode positioned adjacent to the first and second sensor electrode pairs, respectively.

7. The electrode assembly of claim 2 further comprising a first ionically conductive material having a first surface adapted to contact the surface of the skin and a second surface opposite the first surface which is in contact with the first sensor electrode pair.

8. The electrode assembly of claim 7 further comprising a second ionically conductive material having a first surface adapted to contact the surface of the skin and a second surface opposite the first surface which is in contact with the second sensor electrode pair.

9. A method of determining the concentration of a chemical signal in a mammalian subject using the transcutaneous reverse-iontophoresis diagnostic system of claim 22, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) contacting the first surfaces of the first and second ionically conductive materials to the skin of the mammalian subject;

(b) providing a current between the iontophoretic electrode pair to extract the chemical signal through the skin and into the first ionically conductive material;

(c) providing a potential between the first sensor electrode pair sufficient to drive an electrochemical conversion of the chemical signal contained within the first ionically conductive material and measuring the electrical current generated by this electrochemical conversion of chemical signal; and

(d) correlating the measured current in step (c) to a concentration of chemical signal in the subject.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein after step (d) the method further comprises the steps of:

(e) switching the polarity between the iontophoretic electrode pair and providing current to extract the chemical signal through the skin and into the second ionically conductive material;

(f) providing a potential between the second sensor electrode pair sufficient to drive an electrochemical conversion of the chemical signal contained within the second ionically conductive material, and measuring the electrical current generated by this e