A fuel cell array apparatus and method of forming the fuel cell array apparatus including a base portion, formed of a singular body, and having a major surface. At least two spaced apart membrane electrode assemblies formed on the major surface of the base portion. A fluid supply channel is defined in the base portion and equally communicating with each of the at least two spaced apart membrane electrode assemblies for supplying a fuel-bearing fluid to each of membrane electrode assemblies. An exhaust channel is defined in the base portion and equally communicating with each of the membrane electrode assemblies. Each of membrane electrode assemblies and the cooperating fluid supply channel and cooperating exhaust channel forms a single fuel cell assembly. There is additionally included a top portion characterized as providing for the exposure of a portion of each fuel cell assembly to ambient air and a plurality of electrical components for electrical integration of the plurality of formed fuel cell assemblies.

A structure for a fuel cell comprising at least one cell formed by first and second electrodes separated by a an electrolyte, the cell being disposed between first and second interface elements for feeding the electrodes of the cell with reagent and for collecting the electric current it produced. Each interface element comprises a distributor element of insulating material including distribution channels at least in its face facing one of the electrodes for the purpose of diffusing a reagent, and at least one collector element of conductive material interposed between the electrode and the elements made of insulating material. The collector element presents perforations so as to enable the reagent to diffuse between the channels of the distributor element and the electrode facing it.

A plurality of single cells 10a to 10d, each being packaged by laminate films 12 and 13, are attached onto one surface of a flexible printed circuit board 20, in a state of being interconnected in series to each other, by the use of a double faced tape. Single cells 10a' to 10d' are attached in a similar way onto the other surface of the flexible printed circuit board 20. Each group of the cells on the both surfaces of the flexible printed circuit board 20 are interconnected in parallel. Voltage detection lines 30a to 30e are wired on the flexible printed circuit board 20. Positive and negative electrode tabs 14 and 15 of the respective single cells are connected to the respectively corresponding voltage detection lines 30a to 30e through connection terminals 31a to 31e provided on the flexible printed circuit board 20.

Apparatus for delivering ions to a mass analyzer. The apparatus includes a time of flight ion guide, a pulsing device for receiving a continuous ion stream containing ions of different atomic mass and for delivering pulses of ions to the ion guide wherein ions in each of the pulses of ions exit the ion guide in ascending order of their atomic mass, and a gating device at the exit end of the ion guide for allowing ions of a predetermined atomic mass to pass to the mass analyzer.

A bipolar plate has a multi-layered structure including an inner metallic layer and at least one outer metallic, corrosion-resistant layer splatted, embedded, diffused and interlocked into the inner metallic layer.