A process is provided which includes the steps of providing a CO-SER unit, feeding a feed gas of an equimolar mix of CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2 with a slight excess of CO.sub.2 to the CO-SER unit to produce a CO-SER product gas of CO, a small amount of CO.sub.2, and substantially no H.sub.2 at high pressure, providing a TSA unit having a plurality of adsorber vessels, each adsorber vessel having an adsorbent capable of selectively adsorbing CO.sub.2, the adsorber vessel being at high pressure and ambient temperature, and feeding the CO-SER product gas to one of the adsorber vessels in the TSA unit to selectively remove CO.sub.2 gas to produce a TSA product gas that is of high purity and of high pressure. The feeding continues to the one adsorber vessel until a point prior to CO.sub.2 breakthrough occurring. The process further includes regenerating any adsorber vessels having adsorbent that is substantially spent.

The present invention involves a process for the co-production of ammonia and urea in which two parallel gasifiers are utilized so as to optimize the H.sub.2 /CO.sub.2 ratio in the combined syngas product, thereby maximizing the ammonia and urea production. In a first gasifier, solid and/or liquid hydrocarbon materials are partially oxidized in the presence of an oxygen-rich gas in the presence of a temperature moderator, thereby generating a first synthesis gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. In a second gasifier, natural gas is partially oxidized in the presence of an oxygen-rich gas, thereby generating a first synthesis gas mixture comprising carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Because natural gas has a lower C/H ratio than the solid and/or liquid hydrocarbon materials, insufficient CO.sub.2 is produced in the natural gas gasifier for urea production when only natural gas is used to produce syngas. Conversely, the high C/H ratio of the solid and/or liquid hydrocarbon materials produces an excess amount of CO.sub.2 -much more than is needed for urea production-and thus a large portion of the CO.sub.2 is vented when only solid and/or liquid hydrocarbon materials are used to produce syngas. By running two gasifiers in parallel on the separate feeds, the feedrate to each gasfier can be adjusted to optimize to maximize the H.sub.2 /CO.sub.2 ratio in the combined syngas product stream, resulting in an elimination or minimization of CO.sub.2 emissions from the integrated gasification, ammonia and urea production facility.

A method of gasifying organic materials (carbonaceous compounds) such as coal, shredded waste tire or waste oil into gaseous fuel, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and an apparatus therefore are provided. The method comprises the steps of supplying initial fuel gas and oxygen into a gasification reactor to produce water and carbon dioxide, supplying the organic materials into the reactor and reacting them with the water and carbon dioxide to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas, discharging the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas from the reactor, recycling a part of the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas discharged from the reactor into the reactor, and reacting the carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas supplied into the reactor with oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. The method facilitates the control of temperature in the gasification reactor as well as produces fuel gas of high quality by increasing the concentration of hydrogen.

A control scheme is set forth for conversion of variable composition synthesis gas to liquid fuels in a three-phase or slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR). The control scheme allows one to achieve constant or optimum liquid fuel production and constant or limited purge gas flow with highly variable synthesis gas feed condition. This is accomplished by adjusting one or more of the following independent variables: recycle ratio, water addition, and bypass flow.

A process (44) for the production of pulp and paper (28), recycling of cooking chemicals (3, 29), combustion of biomass (30, 37) and generation of heat and electric energy (27, 40) comprising a pulp and paper mill (28), in that the part of the process which is recycling cooking chemicals is adjusted from combustion (29) to gasification (3) to generate synthesis gas (14); and that biomass is added (33, 39) in an amount sufficient for compensating of the decrease in heat and electricity generation as a consequence of the generation of synthesis gas (14).