A process for converting carbon or carbonated compounds in a plasma into carbons having a defined nanostructure consists of a reaction chamber whose head part contains three electrodes, a plasma gas supply, and a carbon or carbonated compound supply. A process for preparing carbons having a defined nanostructure. Apparatus to carry out the processes.
This invention relates to a method for producing micro-domain graphitic materials by use of a plasma process, and to novel micro-conical graphitic materials. By micro-domain graphitic material we mean fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, open conical carbon structures (also named micro-cones), preferably flat graphitic sheets, or a mixture of two or all of these. The novel carbon material is open carbon micro-cones with total disclination degrees of 60.degree. and/or 120.degree., corresponding to cone angles of respectively 112.9.degree. and/or 83.6.degree..
The invention relates to a method and a device for the continuous production of carbon black with a high fullerene content. The device essentially consists of a plasma reactor (1), a downstream heat separator (2) to separate the non-volatile constituents and a cold separator (3) attached thereto.
A method for manufacturing powders of oxides in a nanometer level through a direct current plasma thermal reaction is disclosed. The energy required is provided by the plasma that is generated in the non-transferred DC plasma apparatus. Once the solid precursors are introduced into the plasma, the solid precursors are vaporized and oxidized in the plasma reaction region of the non-transferred DC plasma apparatus continuously. Then, the oxide powders in a nanometer scale can form homogeneously and continuously. By controlling the nozzle size, the speed of the plasma can be adjusted and the coarsening and agglomeration of the nanopowders can be effectively prevented. Finally, oxide nanopowders of high-purity and high-dispersity are obtained by cooling down the plasma gas containing the vaporized and oxidized precursor through a vortical cooling-gas.
Apparatus and process for producing carbon black or carbon containing compounds by converting a carbon containing feedstock, comprising the following steps: generating a plasma gas with electrical energy, guiding the plasma gas through a venturi, whose diameter is narrowing in the direction of the plasma gas flow, guiding the plasma gas into a reaction area, in which under the prevailing flow conditions generated by aerodynamic and electromagnetic forces, no significant recirculation of feedstock into the plasma gas in the reaction area recovering the reaction products from the reaction area and separating carbon black or carbon containing compounds from the other reaction products.
The present invention provides a combustion apparatus for the production of carbon nanomaterials including fullerenes and fullerenic soot. Most generally the combustion apparatus comprises one or more inlets for introducing an oxygen-containing gas and a hydrocarbon fuel gas in the combustion system such that a flame can be established from the mixed gases, a droplet delivery apparatus for introducing droplets of a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock into the flame, and a collector apparatus for collecting condensable products containing carbon nanomaterials that are generated in the combustion system. The combustion system optionally has a reaction zone downstream of the flame. If this reaction zone is present the hydrocarbon feedstock can be introduced into the flame, the reaction zone or both.
