A bandgap reference circuit utilizes chopper stabilization to reduce reference voltage variation caused by, for example, offset voltage and 1/f noise within an associated amplifier. The input signal of the amplifier is modulated using a high frequency modulation signal. The modulated signal is then amplified and demodulated. In one embodiment, a single-ended chopper amplifier having integrated amplification/demodulation functionality is provided.

A circuit for providing a reference voltage that includes a chopping circuit for generating a voltage level, a converter coupled to the chopping circuit for converting an input voltage into a digital output based on the voltage level, and generating a first output in a predetermined period, and a second output in a subsequent second predetermined period, a controller for controlling the chopping circuit such that the chopping circuit generates the voltage level in a same period as the predetermined period, a first register coupled to the converter for storing the first output, a second register coupled to the converter for storing the second output, and a combiner for combining the first and the second outputs.

A band-gap reference circuit with offset cancellation is provided that includes a differential amplifier circuit. The differential amplifier circuit includes a first input node and a second input node. The first input node is operable to receive a first input signal. The second input node is operable to receive a second input signal. The band-gap reference circuit is operable to alternate between a first state and a second state based on a specified duty cycle. The first input node is an inverting node and the second input node is a non-inverting node in the first state, and the first input node is a non-inverting node and the second input node is an inverting node in the second state. The differential amplifier circuit is operable to generate an output signal based on a difference between the first and second input signals.

A method for transmitting data includes arranging a predetermined quantity of the data together with one or more overhead bytes in an overhead frame and dividing the overhead frame into equal segments, each of the segments including a number of bits that is not an integer multiple of eight. Each of the segments is encoded as a symbol for transmission over a communication channel.

A device and method for correcting the baseline wandering of transmitting signals are disclosed. The present method and device are used to correct the baseline wandering of the first output terminal and the second output terminal of a receiver as a result of induction effect of the transformer. The present device comprises a compensation current source including a first compensation output terminal and a second compensation output terminal which are respectively connected to the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the receiver. The device further includes a voltage signal generator for generating a control voltage to control the compensation current source. The voltage signal generator employs the voltage difference of the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the receiver and a reference voltage to control the control voltage. Thereby, the compensation current value of the compensation current source is supplied to the first output terminal and the second output terminal of the receiver and is used to correct the baseline wandering.