A combinatorial chemistry bead that includes an electromagnetic spectral emitter that radiates a distinct electromagnetic code for each bead that uniquely identifies each bead, a terminal apparatus for receiving the electromagnetic code from each bead, and a method for performing combinatorial synthesis using a bead that transmits a distinct electromagnetic code. The invention includes a large number of spectrally narrowed light emitting mechanisms for generating distinct optical codes.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No. 08/879,298, filed Jun. 19, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,096,496 allowed, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention is a cost-effective and compact micro-spectrometer for rapid detection of chemical compounds in the low concentration limit. The invention provides for significantly higher sensitivity compared to conventional spectroscopy techniques (continuous wave and Fourier transform methods) by placing the sample within a high Finesse etalon cavity. An Optical Spectrum Analyzer (OSA) built on either continuous wave (CW-SPEC), or Fourier Transform Absorption Spectroscopy (FT-SPEC) is used to monitor the spectrum from the etalon cavity/sample combination during tuning of the etalon cavity.about.this information is then used to reconstruct the absorption spectrum.
A radio frequency (RF) device (or "tag") for containing specific information relating to a particular good being shipped from one location (e.g., warehouse) to another (e.g., customer). The device includes a circuitized substrate (e.g., a printed circuit board), a semiconductor chip, an antenna and a power regulator, and is designed in one embodiment to be partly inserted within a good (e.g., a cardboard box) containing one or more of the goods being shipped and tracked. Alternatively, the device may be attached by other means (e.g., adhesive). A shipper can simply track the goods containing such devices using wireless communication devices (e.g., satellites) to quickly and readily ascertain the specific location of the goods at any time as well as the appropriate desired information relating to such goods (e.g., quantity, weight, type, etc.).
A focusable flashlight comprising of enlarged head and tail section designed to have substantially the same diameter as a means to facilitate solid and secure gripping and to facilitate rapid, secure stowage of the invention during highly stressful environments, such as combat, law enforcement, night watch, home guard, underwater diving and other situations where the user of a flashlight requires a high level of situational awareness and while in need of operating a flashlight with one hand without distraction. An optional lanyard and holster are designed to work with the flashlight.
A structure including a grating and a semiconductor nanocrystal layer on the grating, can be a laser. The semiconductor nanocrystal layer can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals including a Group II-VI compound, the nanocrystals being distributed in a metal oxide matrix. The grating can have a periodicity from 200 nm to 500 nm.
A structure including a grating and a semiconductor nanocrystal layer on the grating, can be a laser. The semiconductor nanocrystal layer can include a plurality of semiconductor nanocrystals including a Group II VI compound, the nanocrystals being distributed in a metal oxide matrix. The grating can have a periodicity from 200 nm to 500 nm.
