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Description  |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is in the field of network information services
including data gathering and transmission over wired and wireless network
connections and pertains more particularly to methods and apparatus for
monitoring changes to aggregated data in real time and notifying
user/subscribers of such changes over user-prescribed mediums and
connected devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The information system known in the art as the Internet, and the Internet
subset known as the World Wide Web (WWW), is the largest publicly
accessible source of information in the world. Anyone with an
Internet-capable appliance and an Internet connection can navigate the Web
to access virtually any type of data that may be held in any one of
millions of network-connected servers adapted for the purpose.
The most usual network appliance used for navigating the Web and
downloading data therefrom is the personal computer (PC). More recently
however, a host of other electronic communication devices have been
adapted for network connection and navigation on the Internet. Some of
these better known devices include cellular telephones, personal digital
assistants (PDA's), pagers, and notebook and laptop computers. Some types
of these appliances access the Internet via wireless connection. In other
cases, data from the Internet is transmitted to such devices through a
gateway to a network specific to the device. An example would be that of a
cellular phone or pager capable of accessing e-mail and other Internet
accounts information.
The Internet operates under a shared bandwidth protocol wherein data
packets are transmitted. Each transmission competes with all other current
transmissions for available bandwidth resources. The total amount of
bandwidth resource available to network appliances accessing the Internet
is a function of network traffic, reliability and capability of lines,
power of appliance processor, nature of intermediary network, and a host
of other variables. It is not always possible to maintain an Internet
connection for any reliable length of time considering all of these
variables. Sometimes, there are periods when a device simply cannot gain
access at all. In other cases physical connection is only possible on a
periodic basis, and an appliance is therefore only intermittently
connected.
Even with the more powerful and traditional PCs and notebook computers
there may be times when available bandwidth suddenly drops resulting in a
disconnect or "moof" as it is often termed. If a moof occurs when
attempting to download data, another attempt must be made to reaccess the
network, re-navigate to the data source, and attempt a retry of the data
download. This can be frustrating for users operating such devices as cell
phones, pagers or PDA's which are already operating on high latency and/or
low bandwidth connections.
Administrators of network equipment and connection architecture as well as
companies that host such as WEB-based information services and the like
are improving aspects of communication with various portable network
devices by upgrading lines and equipment, developing better data
compression and bandwidth reservation techniques and lobbying for more
bandwidth for wireless intermediary networks. However, one area that has
been largely overlooked is the very format and structure of data that is
transmitted. For example, HTML or XML-scripted content is largely
unsuitable for transmission under low bandwidth conditions to small
portable devices. As a result, such devices having lower memory and
operating under lower bandwidth resources are limited to certain types of
data such as only e-mail or voice mail.
A system known to the inventor and listed under the Cross-Reference to
Related Documents section provides a capability of automated login and
navigation to Internet or other network-connected sources for the purpose
of retrieving and presenting WEB summaries to subscribers according to
client/enterprise directives. This service uses scripted templates
prepared by knowledge workers using known site logic to enable navigation,
not just to the site, but to specific content posted on the site. A
parsing method is then used to identify appropriate data based on the
provided script directives.
The data obtained by the above-described method is stored in a
server-accessible data repository for user access (via PC), or pushed to a
user (PC or alternate appliance) according to enterprise rules. The data
is typically presented in the form of a WEB page made accessible to a user
having suitable equipment for retrieving and viewing such a page. However,
in another embodiment, the data is re-formatted for transmission to a
user-specified Internet appliance such as a cell phone, laptop, PDA, etc.
The user must typically first access the service using a device that
supports a browser interface. Data is then forwarded to alternative
devices only on user request, and assuming the user has configured his or
her alternative device for the service. In order to receive some types of
data, special software and/or hardware changes must be made to the
alternative appliances.
The above service does not support independent device access to the
Internet (except for devices already capable of browser navigation), nor
can it deliver certain content retrieved in a format that is not readily
convertible to a format specific to the software running on such
alternative devices. Moreover much content that would be convertible may
still overload the memory of certain alternative devices, such as pagers
or cell phones, if additional data restructuring and synchronization steps
are not taken.
It will be appreciated that there is a growing variety of existing and new
portable-type devices that are being adapted for Internet access. Most of
these devices communicate according to device-specific protocol and are
unable to receive and disseminate certain other types of data under normal
circumstance. Furthermore, low bandwidth connection states and limited
memory provisions preclude many of these devices from broad Internet
navigation capabilities and limit download capability in terms of time and
type of data content that may be received.
A system known to the inventor and described in the cross-referenced patent
application entitled "Method and Apparatus for Restructuring of
Personalized Data for Transmission from a Data Network to Connected and
Portable Network Appliances" allows data aggregated on a user's behalf to
be restructured for delivery to varied portable devices by either a push
or pull method. The data is restructured such that it may be easily stored
and displayed according to specific device protocol. User/subscribers may
elect to pre-configure a number of devices to the service. Once configured
to the service, such devices may be used to synchronize with the
aggregated data source maintained by the service on behalf of the user.
A possible problem with this system is that a user must periodically log-on
and attempt synchronization with the aggregated data source to see if any
new data has arrived. If new data is pushed to a user, it may happen at an
inconvenient time such as when a user is engaged in some other important
activity with a designated receiving device. In one aspect user
notification of new data is posted on a WEB page such as a user's home
page. However, a user must access the page with an
Internet-navigation-capable device in order to see if there is any new
data.
What is clearly needed is a method and apparatus allowing a user/subscriber
to specify events and event triggers that may occur in data specific to
the user and maintained for the user at specified Web sites, and for
monitoring changes to such data on behalf of the user, and then notifying
to the user of the occurrence of such data changes and events over any
user-selected and defined medium and communication device. Such a system
would be a convenience to a user in that he or she would be conveniently
made aware of the existence of new aggregated data and/or specific and
user-defined events in data, before having to log on to the service to
check for new data, or having other important work interrupted by an
unscheduled data-push to an otherwise engaged peripheral device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention an Internet subscription
system for alerting subscribers to changes in data maintained at Internet
sites is provided, comprising an input interface for a subscriber to
specify a data condition to be monitored and a condition for notification;
a gatherer for gathering data changes from one or more Internet sites; a
guard for comparing data changes with the condition for notification; and
a notification alert system for notifying the subscriber of a change that
meets the condition for notification.
In various embodiments of the system of the invention the condition for
notification comprises data changes at two or more sites (metadata
changes). In some embodiments there is a user-amendable time function to
control frequency of access by the gatherer to Internet sites. Also in
various the alert system sends an alert by the Internet network to a
client's Internet-connected device. Such an alert may or may not include
specific data from the sites in addition to the alert. Alerts may be by
the Internet, by message systems to which a user subscribes, or by
wireless network to devices not enabled for Internet connection, such as
pagers and cell phones.
The system of the invention and methods of practicing the invention are
taught in enabling detail below, and provide for the first time a way for
subscribers to monitor a very broad range of data, and to configure
sophisticated conditions for a service to compare and notify the
subscriber of changes in data over multiple sites.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
FIG. 1 is a basic overview of a communication network wherein a data
aggregation and tunneling service is hosted and operated according to an
embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hierarchy existing
between various components of the data aggregation and tunneling service
of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary client request/result
loop progressing through the various process phases attributed to the
service of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating integration of various components of
the monitoring and notification software of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method and
apparatus is provided that allows virtually any Internet-based data to be
accessed, restructured, and then transmitted to a wide variety of
network-capable appliances without requiring special software or hardware
additions to the receiving devices, and in a form that the receiving
device may display the data using an existing application on the device
typically used for an entirely different purpose and function. Such method
and apparatus is described in enabling detail below.
FIG. 1 is a basic overview of a communication network 9 wherein a data
aggregation and tunneling service is hosted and operated according to an
embodiment of the present invention. Communication network 9 comprises a
data packet network 11, which is the well known Internet in this example,
an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 15, and at least one exemplary wireless
data network 13.
Network 11 may be another type of data packet network instead of the
Internet such as perhaps a private or corporate wide area network (WAN) as
long as Transfer Control Protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) or other
suitable network protocols are supported. Network 11, hereinafter referred
to as Internet 11 for example purposes, is exemplified herein as a
preferred embodiment because of the large public accessibility to the
network. Such public accessibility lends to a preferred embodiment for
hosting a large data-information service such as the service described in
the cross-referenced application 09/323,598.
Internet 11 may comprise any geographical portion of the global network
including such as data sub-networks connected thereto. Internet 11 has an
Internet backbone 19 distributed throughout, which represents the many
lines and connections making up the wired Internet. Three data servers 21,
23, and 25 are illustrated within Internet 11 and connected to backbone
19.
Servers 21-25 are, in this embodiment, file servers known in the art for
serving data in such as hypertext markup language (HTML), XML, or other
suitable languages associated with electronic information pages known as
WEB pages in the art. It should be noted here that servers 21-25 are not
limited to only serving WEB pages. In some embodiments, other data such as
E-commerce data associated with on-line forms, digital authorization
certificates, secure digital signature forms and the like, may also be
held in such servers. Moreover, any one of servers 21-25 may be adapted as
an E-mail server or may be subject to any other adaptation for serving
data.
ISP 15 is adapted, in this example, for providing Internet connection
services as known in the art. Illustrated within ISP 15 are a main
connection server 33, a mass data-repository 31, and a modem bank 29. Main
server 33 is directly connected to Internet 11 as shown. Main sever 33 is
adapted to perform normal Internet service routines as known in the art,
and is additionally enhanced via a unique software instance 51 for
enabling practice of the present invention.
In one embodiment, an additional server may be provided for executing
software 51 and enabling practice of the present invention in conjunction
with main server 33. In another embodiment, more than one such server may
be provided and adapted to execute individual instances of software 51.
The inventor illustrates just one server 33 and SW 51 for the purpose of
simplifying illustration and deems it sufficient for the purpose of
explaining the present invention.
Main server 33 is connected to a data center 37 by a data link 35. Data
center 37, among other tasks, provides an ISP (Internet) interface to
server 33 for various wireless data networks represented by network 13.
Network 13 is further characterized by the illustration of a communication
satellite 17, which provides satellite rebroadcast of uplinked data
streams from data center 37 and a backlink to data center 37 as
illustrated by a dotted double arrow. As previously described, network 13
may be plural in the sense that plural wireless data networks common to
certain communication devices may accomplish an interface to ISP 15
(server 33) through such as satellite 17 or another type of wireless
transceiver/receiver and data center 37.
Within network 13 a variety of Internet-capable appliances are illustrated.
As examples there are a pager 39, a notebook computer 41, and a cellular
telephone 43. In this example, appliances 39-43 broadcast data, which is
picked up by satellite 17 and relayed to data center 37. Similarly, data
arriving to satellite 17 from data center 37 is broadcast to and received
by appliances 39, 43, and 41 as illustrated herein with dotted double
arrows representing respective two-way communication links. In the case of
appliances 39 and 43, network 13 might be a cellular network typically
implemented for those devices. In the case of notebook 41, network 13 may
be a wireless Internet service using cellular or other suitable wireless
technologies.
As previously described, main server 33 is also connected to modem bank 29
as is known in the art of landline Internet access through an ISP. A
personal computer (PC) 45 operated by a user/subscriber to the service of
the present invention is illustrated as connected to modem bank 29 by an
Internet connection line 49. Line 49 may be a conventional telephone line,
an integrated digital services network (ISDN) connection line, or any
other suitable wired connection such as ADSL. A PDA 47 is illustrated by a
dotted double arrow as having a wireless communication link to PC 45 as is
common in the art of computer peripherals.
In the example of a subscriber service, data repository 31 would contain
data about individual subscribers to the service of the present invention
(user profiles and other user-specific records). Repository 31 may be an
optical storage facility or any other convenient facility that is adapted
for storing large amounts of data. Repository 31 is illustrated as
connected to main server 33 by a data connection 27. In this example,
repository 31 is considered an off-line storage facility that is
accessible to server 33. In another embodiment repository 31 may be a part
of server 33, or in any other network-connected location such as on-line,
or on a connected local area network (LAN). In addition to holding data
specific to individual subscribers such as account information, address
parameters, user ID and authorization data, repository 31 may also hold
data gathered from such as Internet 11 before being delivered to or being
accessed by users.
SW 51 executing on server 33 is provided, for the purpose of enabling a
unique data-gathering and tunneling service that allows users operating
such as appliances 39-43, and 47 to have structured access to data such as
may be sourced in one of servers 21-25; and, to have the data restructured
in an intelligent fashion for delivery to a specific Internet appliance
that may not be normally adapted for receiving and displaying the data.
Software 51 provides, in this case, a unique subscriber service hosted by
ISP 15 in which the service may be accessed and utilized by using any
lnternet-capable appliance . For the purpose of discussion, an
Internet-capable appliance shall include any electronic communication
device capable of a direct or indirect (through a connected network)
connection to a data packet network such as Internet 11. Such devices may
also include devices that may only receive data from such as Internet 11
as long as a separate device is used to access the service and upload a
data request.
In practice of the present invention, a user operating such as cellular
telephone 41, for example, accesses ISP 15 from anywhere in network 13
through a wireless path, exemplified herein by satellite 17 to data center
37, and registers a request for data. The data request in some cases may
be manually initiated by a user, and in other cases automatically
initiated on a periodic basis while the device is connected to the
Internet. In some cases a request will he automatically initiated when the
device connects to the Internet.
The nature of a request may vary under a broad set of rules set-up by a
hosting enterprise (ISP 15) for types of requests. For example, one
request may be for a data result of a site-specific search according to
defined parameters such as was described in the characterization of a WEB
summary disclosed in application Ser. No. 09/323,598. Another type of
request may be for information about departure/arrival parameters and gate
instructions associated with purchased airline tickets. Still another type
of request may include a desire to access only the existing incoming mail
from a certain individual or individuals. There are many possibilities. In
a preferred embodiment a script for data requests may be a part of a user
profile, and a single generic request from a user may trigger a variety of
data searches and retrievals from Internet 11 on behalf of the user.
Data center 37 processes requests from network 13 and forwards them to main
server 33 where they implemented. Various technological enhancements may
be implemented in data center 37 to facilitate communication and interface
capability with various portable appliances such as appliances 39-43. One
example would be to provide an interactive voice response (IVR) unit (not
shown) that may take a vocal or touch-tone initiated request originating
from such as cell phone 43. Such an IVR may be included in data center 37
as a client interface.
The nature and content of a request from cell phone 43, for example, is
analyzed and restructured into an equivalent Internet Protocol (P) request
that can be uploaded into main server 33 over data link 35. This process
is, in a preferred embodiment, performed in data center 37 with the data
center having access to a portion of software 51 dedicated to the specific
function. In another embodiment, a specific portion of software 51 may be
provided to be executable on a connected machine at data center 37 for the
purpose of analyzing requests of varied protocol and restructuring them
into requests that can be understood on server 33.
Once a request from cell phone 43 is registered in main server 33 as an IP
data request, data about the user is accessed from repository 31 for
verification and authorization purposes. A scripted template supplied by a
knowledge worker (not shown) is provided for accessing site logic during
navigation and parsing as initiated by SW 51. Such knowledge workers may
be stationed at data center 37, ISP 15, or any other centralized location
that is connected to the service by network connection. The scripting,
navigating, and parsing technology is fully explained and detailed in the
co-related application Ser. No. 09/323,598. However, further innovation is
required in order to accomplish the goal of the present invention, which
is the intelligent restructuring of data coming into and leaving from the
service of the present invention.
In the present example a ready request is queued for execution by SW 51
according to on-demand or in a scheduled fashion. Server 33, upon
executing the request, navigates to one or more of servers 21-25 (for
example, as representative of plural servers in the Internet) holding the
requested data. The location of the data is then identified according to
site logic provided in the scripted template. Located data is then parsed
for specified content to be returned. The resulting data is aggregated in
repository 31 if the request has a scheduled delivery or user-access time.
If the return data follows an on-demand criteria, then it is immediately
processed and delivered over data link 35 to data center 37 for further
processing before being broadcast over network 13 to a user operating such
as cell phone 43.
In another aspect of the present invention, requests and return data may be
registered and received by a user operating a PDA such as PDA 47, which is
a peripheral to PC 45 illustrated as wired to Internet 11. In this
embodiment, a user operating PDA 47 registers a request to PC 45. The
request is analyzed and uploaded to server 33 under control from PDA 47.
Additional processing concerning obtaining and returning information is
the same as with previously described embodiment except that instead of
using data center 37 as an interface, PC 45 acts as the interfacing
machine. If requested data arrives to PC 45 in a format that is not
discernable to PDA 47, then data restructuring may be performed in PC 45
by a provided instance of SW 51 that is dedicated to the purpose. PDA 47
would require no modification in either hardware or software. In yet
another embodiment the client machine may be PC 45.
The method and apparatus of the present invention provides a unique
capability of restructuring data in an intelligent way. That is, instead
of simply converting one format of data into another, a first data set is
analyzed and understood so that an alternate data set in a format specific
to applications executable on a receiving device may be created that
reflects the desired content and function of the first data set. More
detail about how this is accomplished is provided below.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary hierarchy and data
transformation and flow existing between various components of the data
aggregation and tunneling service of FIG. 1. The service of the present
invention in a preferred embodiment comprises three basic component
layers. These component layers are illustrated herein as layer 53, layer
55 and layer 57. Layer 53 is best described as a source-data interface
layer. This portion of the service is dedicated to navigating to and
obtaining data from Internet-connected data sources. Data sources (S1-n)
are analogous to servers 21-25 of FIG. 1. It will be appreciated that the
number of data sources that are available on a network such as Internet 11
(FIG. 1) is vast. Data collected from S1-Sn is continually aggregated into
such as repository 31 (FIG. 1) as indicated by the bi-directional arrows
linking each S1-Sn to aggregation service 54. Aggregated data is tagged
according to requesting user and target receiving device.
Layer 53 includes all of the means and processes required for locating and
parsing user-requested data according to site-specific scripting
techniques and funneling the collected data back to aggregation for
storage under a user-specific ID parameters. Most, if not all of the data
retrieved in layer 53 will be in the form of HTML, XML, or a similar
protocol. Other than XML types of data may include various multimedia
types associated with audio and video data, animated graphic data, or
still graphic data. All data requested by any one user is aggregated under
that user's ID parameters.
Data stored in aggregation is forwarded to layer 55 according to a
pre-assigned schedule for processing. Layer 55 provides an internal
process comprising data restructuring and primary interface capabilities.
Data processing is the first phase of layer 55 as illustrated by process
56. It is in the main the data processing phase that is unique and
distinguishes the present invention from that disclosed in the copending
and referenced application Ser. No. 09/323,598.
Instead of simply converting data from one language or format into another
in an attempt to render it usable to a specific Internet appliance, the
present invention seeks to rewrite original data in an alternate format or
language that accurately represents the data presented in the original
format in terms of content and function. Data expressed in this alternate
format (standardized) is then restructured into the appropriate
device-specific format for transmission.
To accomplish the above-described task, it is required that data obtained
in layer 53 be at least machine-legible in its given language or format
and understood by software 51. SW 51 must also know parameters
encompassing the formats and data presentation schemes of various software
routines used in various Internet-capable appliances. For example, an HTML
description of a flight reservation and gate instruction as presented on
an information page (WEB page) would not be expressed as a text block in
such as an electronic calendar, or a PDA. Rather, the same information
would have to be restructured and expressed as a series of entries
expressing time and date functions associated with the particular flight
schedule.
In a preferred embodiment, an algorithm is employed as part of software 51
that can take information from provided input data-templates and
restructure the information to fit pre-designed and associated output
data-templates. For example, an input template is created for one or more
records of network-based data. The input template renders the original
data into a proprietary language similar to HTML and XML. The proprietary
language or code expresses the original data in a standard format that may
then be manipulated by algorithm. The input template holds the rendered
data according to mapped slots.
An output template is created that is generic to the parameters and
presentation scheme associated with a specific Internet-capable appliance
that will receive the data record or records. The output template holds
the specific slots wherein data will be rendered by the algorithm. The
algorithm uses provided data-restructuring rules to identify data
contained in an input data template and re-map it by matching the data to
appropriate data-slots presented in an output data template. As a result,
one or more input records (parsed and rendered data) will produce one or
more output records (data remapped by algorithm).
Data templates as described above, are not analogous to logic templates
described in the co-related application Ser. No. 09/323,598. Data
templates work in conjunction with scripted logic-templates used to find
and parse the requested data. Input templates are request-generic while
output templates are device-generic. For example, there are many
variations of data formats and languages that can be used when presenting
data on a WEB page. Therefore, an input template should be modeled to
facilitate the specific data fields, language, and format in which
requested data is expected to be found. In some cases, an input template
may be enhanced to support a variety of differing formats and or
languages, and be made to hold more slots for data not necessarily
requested. The output template is device generic and contains only usable
data-slots that may be presented on its associated device.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a knowledge base (not shown)
could be provided as part of SW 51 and used to equate data parameters
associated with frequently requested data types from a network to data
parameters that are generic to various network appliances. In this method,
categories and titles describing oft-requested data records such as flight
reservations, account balance information, order status information, and
the like are created, coded and stored in the knowledge base.
Device-specific equivalents described as rules for presenting the type
data to each specific model device are also stored in the knowledge base
and equated.
When a data request comes in, a runtime engine (software application) takes
the input data and finds the category and subtitle that matches it. Then
the data presentation rules concerning the specific receiving device are
matched from the knowledge base. In this way, appropriate output records
may be created that are specific to the type and model of device that is
targeted to receive the data.
In one embodiment, the knowledge base method is used in conjunction with
the template/algorithm method. As use of the service progresses, the
knowledge base is updated with new categories and subtitles associated
with repetitive requests. The knowledge base may also be updated to
reflect parameters associated with new types and models of network capable
devices. There are many such possibilities.
Component layer 55 includes an interfacing data center such as data center
37 represented in FIG. 1 and a desktop PC such as PC 45 of FIG. 1. Output
templates contain device specific data that is ready for transmission to
target devices such as devices 39-47 of FIG. 1. As output templates are
completed, they may be held for requesting users at a storage facility
(not shown) held in a data center, or pushed to requesting users based on
the original request. Similarly, output records destined for such as
Internet-connected PCs may be held therein for remote access, or pushed to
requesting users operating peripherals such as PDA 47 of FIG. 1.
Component layer 57 represents various network capable appliances as
described above and their associated transmission networks. Illustrated
within layer 57 is a PDA with a remote (wireless) link to PC in layer 55
as shown by double-arrow connecting line. Also illustrated within layer 57
is a pager, a notebook, and a mobile phone, all having remote (wireless)
connections to the data center represented in layer 55 as shown by the
double-arrow connecting lines. The PC illustrated in layer 55 may be a
desktop PC operated by one or more users. In another embodiment, it may be
a powerful workstation shared by many users. The represented data center
has all of the interface means required to bridge the appliances of layer
57 to the service.
It will be apparent to one with skill in the art that knowledge workers
associated with creating input and output templates may perform their
services from anywhere in a connected network without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present invention. In one embodiment, input
templates are supplied by knowledge workers associated with the service,
while output templates are created by knowledge workers that are
associated with various network hosting entities.
In another embodiment, the service of the present invention may be provided
as a turnkey package wherein companies may set-up their own specific
information services using the implements of the present invention.
It will also be apparent to one with skill in the art that an intermediary
language derived in part from HTML and XML languages may be proprietary in
nature and used as an intermediary data-conversion language between such
as pure HTML and device specific protocol without departing from the
spirit and scope of the present invention. Codes specific to such an
intermediate language may be licensed to entities wishing to recreate the
service for their own purposes.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating client request/result loop
progressing through the various process phases of the service of the
present invention in a preferred embodiment. In step 57 a client
(user/subscriber) initiates a request for data. Such a request may be
initiated from a network capable appliance like appliances 39-43 of FIG.
1. A client may also initiate a request from a standard PC such as PC 45
of FIG. 1, or a PDA such as PDA 47 of FIG. 1. Browser software of any sort
is not required for a device to access the service. In this way, a low
bandwidth device may be used to practice the present invention without
depending on a parent or associated machine. For example, devices not
having IP capability or navigational software would interface with such as
data center 37 of FIG. 1 in order to gain access. Appropriate equipment
and means for bridging networks is made available in data center 37. An
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