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Description  |
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FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to the art of pressure molding ultra high molecular
weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) to molecularly bond the UHMWPE to an article,
such as a bolt, screw, plate, and reinforcing member.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, herein identified as UHMWPE, is a
thermoplastic having advantageous characteristics including high abrasion
resistance, low coefficient of friction and exceptional toughness. UHMWPE
is used in a number of applications in various industries which require
abrasion resistant and low coefficient parts. The average molecular weight
of UHMWPE is from 4 to 5 million. The plastic polymer is made up of long
branch free chains, and when compression molded, gives a material of
impact strengths at room temperature greater than other thermoplastics.
The structure of UHMWPE makes it highly resistant to repeated stress,
impact and abrasion. The use of UHMWPE is limited due to difficulties in
its processing. The high melt viscosity of UHMWPE limits its processing to
presses and screw or ram extruders. The formed pieces are machined to
desired shapes. Examples of processes for molding UHMWPE are disclosed in
U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,400,094; 3,847,888; 3,975,481 and 5,453,234.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention comprises a method for making solid articles by and
molecularly bonding to metal and other materials and the completed
articles, such as a bolt having a UHMWPE cap, a socket having an UHMWPE
jacket, and an UHMWPE product having a reinforcing member encapsulated
within the product. The method for making UHMWPE articles uses a
compression molding machine equipped with a male and female mold assembly.
The female mold has at least one cavity having the size and shape of the
completed UHMWPE article. The male mold has a plunger that fits into the
cavity to apply substantial pressure to particulate or powdered UHMWPE
located in the cavity when the female mold is moved relative to the male
mold. The female cavity is open to a bolt retaining opening used to
position the head of the bolt in the cavity. The particulate UHMWPE is
subjected to a large compression force to purge the particulate UHMWPE of
air and force UHMWPE under the head of the bolt and densified the UHMWPE
around the head of the bolt. An alternative female mold has a boss on the
bottom wall of the cavity for accommodating the socket of a socket head
cap screw. A collar of UHMWPE is molecularly bonded to the head of the cap
screw. A reinforcing member, such as a metal plate, fabric, or glass
fibers, is incorporated in the UHMWPE by compressing particulate UHMWPE
about the reinforcing member and molecularly bonding the UHMWPE to the
reinforcing member. The compressed particulate UHMWPE is heated to a
temperature of between 250 and 350 degrees F. to molecularly bond the
UHMWPE to the part, such as the head of the bolt, socket, and reinforcing
member located in the mold cavity. The male and female molds are heated.
The heat is transferred by the mold to the compressed UHMWPE and sustained
for a time to ensure that the UHMWPE is totally sintered and molecularly
bonded to the article located in the mold. The pressure on the heated
UHMWPE is maintained during the heating process. Upon completion of the
heating process the mold and UHMWPE is allowed to cool. A cooling liquid
is used to enhance the cooling rate of the UHMWPE and article. The
pressure on the UHMWPE is maintained during the cooling duration. The
cooled combined UHMWPE and article is removed from the female mold by
releasing the pressure on the UHMWPE and retracting the cavity from the
plunger of the male mold. Air under pressure may be used to separate the
UHMWPE and article from the female mold.
The invention includes the combined UHMWPE and article, such as the head of
a bolt, a socket, a cap screw, and a reinforcing member. The bolt has a
head enclosed within a UHMWPE cap or body with the UHMWPE molecularly
bonded to the top, side and bottom surfaces of the head of the bolt. The
socket is a hand tool having a cylindrical body. A UHMWPE jacket is
molecularly bonded to the outside of the cylindrical body. The cap screw
has a head having a socket in its outer end and an outer surface. A collar
of UHMWPE is molecularly bonded to the outer surface and end of the head.
The reinforcing member, such as a metal plate, metal member, fabric, fiber
member or a glass fibers, is located within a body of UHMWPE with the
UHMWPE bonded to the reinforcing member to increase the strength of the
body of UHMWPE.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an elevator bolt having a head with a
UHMWPE cap;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view thereof;
FIG. 3 is a top plan view thereof;
FIG. 4 is an end elevational view of the left or outer end thereof;
FIG. 5 is an end elevational view of the right or inner end thereof;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along the line 6--6 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a modification of the elevator bolt of FIG.
1 having a head with a UHMWPE cap;
FIG. 8 is a side elevational view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a top plan view of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is an end elevational view of the left end of FIG. 7;
FIG. 11 is an end elevational view of the right end of FIG. 7;
FIG. 12 is a sectional view taken along the line 12--12 of FIG. 8;
FIG. 13 is a perspective view of UHMWPE combine skid show;
FIG. 14 is a top plan view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 15 is a side elevational view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 16 is a front elevational view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 17 is a rear elevational view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 18 is a bottom plan view of FIG. 13;
FIG. 19 is a top plan view of a portion of the whole of FIG. 13 having a
head bocated in the body of UHMWPE;
FIG. 20 is a front elevational view of FIG. 19;
FIG. 21 is a sectional view taken along the line 21--21 of FIG. 19;
FIG. 22 is a sectional view taken along the line 22--22 of FIG. 21;
FIG. 23 is a perspective view of a socket tool having a jacket of ultra
high molecular UHMWPE;
FIG. 24 is a side elevational view of FIG. 23;
FIG. 25 is a top plan view of FIG. 24;
FIG. 26 is a bottom plan view of FIG. 24;
FIG. 27 is an enlarged sectional view taken along line 27--27 of FIG. 25;
FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a first UHMWPE member;
FIG. 29 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken along line 29--29 of FIG.
28;
FIG. 30 is a top plan view, partly sectional, of the member of FIG. 28;
FIG. 31 is a perspective view of a second UHMWPE member;
FIG. 32 is an enlarged cross sectional view taken along the line 32-32 of
FIG. 31;
FIG. 33 is a top plan view, partly sectional, of the member of FIG. 31;
FIG. 34 is a front elevational view of a UHMWPE molding machine having a
UHMWPE compression mold;
FIG. 35 is a sectional view of a portion of the mold shown in FIG. 34 with
a bolt positioned in the mold;
FIG. 36 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 35 with particulate UHMWPE
located in the mold;
FIG. 37 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 36 with UHMWPE plastic
compressed about the head of the bolt;
FIG. 38 is a sectional view of a portion of a mold similar to FIG. 35 with
a bolt of FIGS. 21 and 22 positioned in the mold;
FIG. 39 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 38 with particulate UHMWPE
located in the mold;
FIG. 40 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 39 with particulate UHMWPE
compressed about the head of the bolt;
FIG. 41 is an exploded sectional view of a mold for a socket head cap
screw;
FIG. 42 is a sectional view of the mold of FIG. 41 with particulate UHMWPE
plastic located in the mold;
FIG. 43 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 41 with UHMWPE plastic
compressed about the head of the cap screw;
FIG. 44 is a top plan view of the cap screw with UHMWPE ring joined to the
head of the cap screw;
FIG. 45 is a perspective view of a cap screw having a head with a UHMWPE
cap;
FIG. 46 is a side elevational view of FIG. 45;
FIG. 47 is a top plan view of FIG. 45;
FIG. 48 is a sectional view taken along line 48--48 of FIG. 47;
FIG. 49 is a top plan view of FIG. 45;
FIG. 50 is a bottom plan view of FIG. 45;
FIG. 51 is a perspective view of a combined metal and UHMWPE plate;
FIG. 52 is a sectional view taken along line 52--52 of FIG. 51;
FIG. 53 is a transversely sectioned top plan view of FIG. 51;
FIG. 54 is a bottom plan view of the plate of FIG. 51 bent to a
longitudinal channel shape; and
FIG. 55 is a sectional view taken along line 55--55 of FIG. 54.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Referring to FIGS. 1 to 6, an elevator bolt 40 has a cylindrical body or
stem 41 with external helical threads for accommodating a nut (not shown).
Body 41 is joined a square neck 42 adapted to fit into a square hole to
prevent rotation of bolt 40 when used with elevator paddles. Neck 42 is
connected to a circular head 43 having a flat top surface and an outwardly
tapered inner surface. A cap of UHMWPE indicated generally at 44 surrounds
head 43. The plastic is a high density polyethylene having a very high
molecular weight, herein identified a UHMWPE, characterized as having high
abrasion resistance, low coefficient of friction and exceptional
toughness. Other plastic materials, such as nylon, mylatron, acetel, and
phenolis, can be used to mold cap 44 around head 43. UHMWPE is preferred
for uses of bolt 40 that require high abrasion resistance properties. Cap
44 has circular top 46, a cylindrical side wall 47 and an inwardly
directed annular lip 48. Top 46 has a flat outer circular surface parallel
to the flat top surface of head 43 and a uniform thickness over the entire
top of head 43. Side wall 47 extended around the outer peripheral edge of
head 43 is joined to lip 48. Top 46, side wall 47 and lip 48 are
molecularly attached to or bonded to the adjacent surfaces of head 43. The
thickness of the UHMWPE can be increased to molecularly bond the UHMWPE to
the neck 42 to assist in preventing rotation of the head 43 relative to
cap 44.
A modification of the elevator bolt indicated generally at 49 shown in
FIGS. 7 to 11, have threaded body or stem 51, a cylindrical neck 52, and a
cylindrical head 53. Cap 54 has a flat top 56 joined to an annular side
wall 57 that surrounds the outer peripheral edge of head 53. An annular
lip 58 joined to side wall 57 extends under head 53. Top 56, side wall 57
and lip 58 are molecularly attached to or bonded to the adjacent surfaces
of head 53.
The heads 43 and 53 of bolts 40 and 49 have circular or round with
outwardly tapered bottom surfaces. Bolts having heads with other shapes,
such as square, hexagonal, screw slot, and carriage heads, can be provided
with UHMWPE caps. The shape of caps 44 and 54 are flat and cylindrical.
Caps having other shapes, such as square, oval, rectangular and
triangular, can be molecularly attached to the heads of the bolts.
Referring to FIGS. 13 to 22, a UHMWPE member 59, shown as motor support and
skid shoe, is attached to a bolt 60 and 61 extended downwardly from the
bottom of member 59. A reinforcing sheet member 92, such as fabric, is
located within UHMWPE member 59 to increase its bending strength. Bolts 60
and 61 are identical. The following description is limited to bolt 61.
Bolt 61 has a threaded body or stem 62 joined to a circular head 63. Head
63 located below the top or outer surface of member 59 does not interrupt
the flat, smooth, and abrasion resistant properties of member 59. As shown
in FIGS. 21 and 22 head 63 has downwardly directed extensions or bosses
64, 65, 66 and 67 located around body 62 and projected toward bottom
surface 68 of body 59. Member 59 can have other shapes, such as round,
cylindrical, oval, arcuate and triangular and support a plurality of bolts
with heads embodied in the UHMWPE member. Member 59 has an elongated
curved top surface 200 extended from a front transverse lip 201 to a rear
L-shaped flange 202. The bottom of member 59 has shoulder or stepped
portion 203 having UHMWPE material for anchoring bolts 60 and 61. The head
63, projections 64-67 and a portion of body adjacent head 63 are
molecularly attached to UHMWPE member 59. The process of making the UHMWPE
member 59 is shown in FIGS. 38 to 40.
A socket tool 69, shown in FIGS. 23 to 27 has a UHMWPE jacket 79. Tool 69
has a metal cylindrical body 71 having square hole 72 open to a socket
cavity 73. Cavity 73 has a cross sectional area larger than the cross
sectional area of hole 72. Twelve V-shaped ridges 75 circumferentially
located around cavity are adapted to grip the square and hexagonal heads
of nuts and bolts. The inside of cavity 73 can have other shapes to
accommodate specific shapes of the heads of nuts and bolts. The size of
cavity 73 can vary to fit different sizes of the heads of bolt and nuts.
Body 71 has a cylindrical outside wall 74, a flat top wall 76, and an
annular flat bottom wall 77. Top wall 76 surrounds the open end of square
hole 72. Bottom wall 77 surrounds inwardly tapered portions 78 of the
V-shaped ridges 75 which aid in inserting tool 69 on a nut or head of a
bolt. UHMWPE jacket 79 has side wall 81 surrounding cylindrical wall 74 of
body 71, on annular top wall 82 located on top wall 76 of body 71 and a
bottom wall 84 covering bottom wall 77 of body 71. Circular chambers or
tapered surfaces 83 and 86 are located at opposite ends of side wall 81.
The side wall 81, top end wall 82, and bottom end wall 84 are molecularly
attached or bonded to adjacent walls 74, 76 and 77 of body 71. Jacket 79
having low coefficient of friction properties does not mar, scuff, abrade
nor scrape recessed surfaces surrounding the heads of bolts and nuts. An
example of nuts located in pockets having recessed surfaces are lug nuts
used to attach the wheels of automobiles to brake drums. Ratchet wrenches,
air wrenches, and turning tools having square drive members are used with
socket tool 79 to turn nuts and heads of bolts. The socket tool having an
UHMWPE jacket can be joined to the end of a tire iron used to remove and
attach lug nuts from threaded studs that hold a vehicle wheel.
Proceeding to FIGS. 28 to 30, there is shown a UHMWPE member 89 illustrated
as a flat plate having a body 88 with flat upper and lower surfaces 89 and
91. A mat or layer of reinforcing material 92 is encapsulated within body
88 to increase the bending strength of member 89. The reinforcing material
can be a fabric, glass fibers, plastic fibers, a sheet of metal screen, a
plastic mesh member, canvas, cloth, or a metal sheet or plate. The layer
of material 92 is located along the middle of body 88 with generally equal
amounts of UHMWPE above and below the layer of material 92. The opposite
side edges of the layer of material 92 can be inwardly from the opposite
sides of body 88 and along the length of body 88. The UHMWPE is
molecularly attached or bonded to the opposite sides of the layer of
material 92. The layer of material 92 reduces stresses in body 88. Body 88
can have shapes other than a flat plate, such as a U or horseshoe shape or
the shapes of skis, snow boards, air boat pontoons, dock fenders and
vehicle parts. The reinforcing material bonded within the UHMWPE increases
the bending strength of the plastic and inhibits the bending strength of
the plastic and inhibits sagging and drooping of the body of plastic when
subjected to the weight of a heavy object, such as an internal combustion
engine. The UHMWPE also absorbs vibrations and sounds.
As shown in FIGS. 31 to 33, a UHMWPE article or member 93, shown as a
plate, has a body 94 with flat upper and lower surfaces 96 and 97. Body 94
can have a curved or an arcuate shape. A reinforcing metal plate 98 having
a plurality of holes 99 is embedded within body 94 to increase the bending
strength of body 94. As shown in FIGS. 26, plate 98 is located in the
middle section of body 94 with about equal thickness of plastic above and
below plate 98. Plate 98 can be located adjacent one of the surfaces 96 or
97 of body 94. A second plate (not shown) can be incorporated within body
94. One plate can be located adjacent surface 96 and the other plates
located adjacent surface 97. The member 93 can be bent or curved after the
plate 98 has been bonded to the UHMWPE.
The method of making the UHMWPE article having a reinforcing member such as
members 92 and 98, uses a mold having a cavity with a shape that defines
the shape and size of the article. A plunger is forced into the cavity to
compress the UHMWPE. A first layer of particulate UHMWPE is deposited into
the cavity. The reinforcing member is placed in the cavity on top of the
first layer of UHMWPE. The reinforcing member is then covered with a
second layer of particulate UHMWPE by depositing additional UHMWPE into
the cavity. The particulate UHMWPE is a powdered UHMWPE having an average
particle size between 100 to 400 .mu.m. The plunger is used to compress
the particulate UHMWPE to increase the density and cohesion of the
particulate UHMWPE. The compression of the UHMWPE also expells air from
the particulate plastic. An example of a compression molding machine is
shown in FIG. 34. The layers of particulate UHMWPE and reinforcing member
is subjected to a pressure of about 1500 to 6000 psi. Other pressures can
be applied to the layers of particulate UHMWPE as required by the size and
geometry of the molded article. The pressure is adjusted to ensure
substantially uniform pressure on the particulate UHMWPE located in the
female mold cavity and penetration of the UHMWPE into the reinforcing
material. The compressed layers of particulate UHMWPE are heated to a
temperature in the range of 250 to 350 degrees F. The pressure on the
layers of UHMWPE is maintained during the heating of the UHMWPE and for a
duration sufficient to sinter the UHMWPE and molecularly attach the UHMWPE
to the reinforcing member. The UHMWPE is then cooled to a temperature
below the melting temperature of UHMWPE with the pressure material on the
UHMWPE. The duration of cooling of the UHMWPE is adjusted to ensure
complete cooling of all of the UHMWPE. The cooled UHMWPE is removed from
the mold cavity as a completed article.
A compression molding machine 100, shown in FIG. 34, is used in the process
of making a UHMWPE cap on the head of a bolt and a jacket on a cylindrical
member. Compression molding machines are also used to make UHMWPE parts
reinforced with materials and metals. Machine 100 has a base 101 enclosing
a hydraulic cylinder, a pump, and controls for operating the machine. A
bed 102 mounted on cylindrical rods 106 and 107 supports a table 103. A
cross head 104 is attached to the upper ends of rods 106 and 107. A mold
assembly, indicated generally at 108, has a female member 109 mounted on
table 103 and male member 110 mounted on cross head 104 above female
member 109. An upright cylinder 111 mounted on base 101 is used to move
bed 102 toward and away from the cross head 104 to operate mold assembly
108.
Mold female member 109 has a number of cavities 112 and bolt retaining
openings or holes 113 for holding bolts. One cavity 112 and bolt retaining
hole 113 is shown in FIG. 35. The remaining cavities and holes have the
same shapes as cavity 112 and hole 113. Cavity 112 has a cylindrical shape
and a flat bottom. Mold 109 has an annular shoulder or wall 114 at the
bottom of cavity 112 surrounding bolt retaining hole 113. Hole 113 has a
square cross section to accommodate the square neck 42 of bolt 40 and hold
bolt 40 in an upright position. The head 43 of bolt 40 is located in
cavity 112. The inside portion of the bottom of head 43 rests on the wall
114 around hole 113, when neck 42 is in hole 113. Mold heating rods or
elements 116 and 117 located in member 109 adjacent cavities 112 heat
member 109 and particulate UHMWPE located in cavities 112. Heating
elements are electric heating members connected to a source of electric
power. Other types of heating devices can be used to heat mold members 109
and 110. Member 109 has passages 120 and 125 for accommodating cooling
liquids to cool mold member 109.
Mold member 110 has a number of plungers 118 operable to compress
particulate UHMWPE located in cavities 112. Plungers 118 are downwardly
directed cylindrical members having diameters slightly less than the
diameter of the cylindrical cavities 112. Plungers 118 have a close
sliding fit with the cylindrical walls of member 109. Electric heating
elements or rods 119 and 121 located in member 110 adjacent each plunger
118 are operable to transfer heat to plungers 118 and UHMWPE located in
cavities 112.
As shown in FIGS. 35 to 37 a UHMWPE cap is molded on bolt head 43. Bolt 40
is inserted into cavity 112 to place neck 42 in the square hole 113. Neck
42 located in hole 113 retains bolt in an upright position with the axis
of bolt 40 aligned with the axis of cavity 112. The bottom of head 43
adjacent neck 42 rests on shoulder 114. The outer peripheral edge or rim
of bolt 40 is spaced inwardly of the cylindrical wall of cavity 112 and
above shoulder 114. As shown in FIG. 36, particulate UHMWPE 124 is
deposited in cavity 112 around and above head 43. The thickness of the top
of the cap 44 on head 43 is related to the amount of particulate UHMWPE
placed in cavity 112. The volume of particulate UHMWPE is about 2 to 2.5
times the volume of the part or cap manufactured from it. the particulate
UHMWPE is a powdered linear polyethylene having an average particle size
from 100 to 400 .mu.m. The particulate UHMWPE in cavity 112 is compressed
around head 43, as shown in FIG. 31, by moving plunger 118 into cavity
112. Cylinder 111 is expanded to move bed 102 and cross head 104 toward
each other as shown by arrows 122 and 123 to move plunger 118 into cavity
112. The particulate UHMWPE is subjected to a pressure of about 1500 to
6000 psi. Other pressures can be used to compress the particulate UHMWPE.
The pressure applied to the particulate UHMWPE depends on the amount of
UHMWPE to be processed and the geometry of the molded part. Higher
pressures are used for larger amounts of particulate UHMWPE and for shapes
which have different wall thicknesses. The compression of the particulate
UHMWPE increases the density and cohesion of the particulates and expels
gases from the particulate mass. The compressed UHMWPE is heated to a
temperature in the range of 275 to 350 degrees F. with heating elements
116, 117, 119 and 121. The pressure on the compressed UHMWPE is maintained
during the heating of the male and female mold members 109 and 110 and the
transfer of heat to the compressed UHMWPE. The heat subjected to the
compressed UHMWPE is at temperatures above the crystalline melting point
of UHMWPE for a time sufficient to sinter the UHMWPE and molecularly
attach the UHMWPE to head 43 of bolt 40. The temperature is preferably
between 300 to 320 degrees F. The time that the UHMWPE is subjected to
heat is a duration that ensures that all parts of the compressed UHMWPE is
within the sintering temperature ranges of the UHMWPE in cavity 112. The
increase in pressure of the heated UHMWPE in addition to the pressure
applied with plunger 118 increases the densification of the UHMWPE and
molecular attachment of the UHMWPE to all areas of head 43 located in the
cavity 112. The annular lip 48 located under head 43 is firmly attached to
the bottom of head 43. The mold assembly 108 is kept in its closed
position applying pressure of the UHMWPE as it is cooled to external
environmental temperature. Cooling occurs by heat transfer to surrounding
metal members 109 and 111 and air. Coolants, such as air or water in the
male and female members 109 and 110 flow through passages 120 and 125 to
increase the rate of cooling of the UHMWPE in the mold cavity 112. The
cooling time depends on the size of the molded part and the method used to
transfer heat from the male and female members 109 and 110. The cooling
duration is adjusted to allow all the UHMWPE to attain a generally uniform
temperature below the melting temperature of UHMWPE. The pressure on the
UHMWPE is removed after the cooling is completed. The mold assembly 109 is
expanded to withdraw plunger 118 from cavity 112. The UHMWPE cap 44
attached to head 43 of bolt 40 is then removed from female member 109. Air
under pressure in opening 113 can be used to expel bolt 40 out of cavity
112.
Referring to FIGS. 38 to 40, there is shown a female mold member 126 of a
mold assembly including a male member having a plunger 134. Member 126 has
a cavity 127 and a downwardly extend bolt retaining opening or hole 128
open to the bottom of cavity 127. Cavity 127 has the shape of member 59.
The shape and size of cavity 127 conforms to the shape of the completed
part, such as a motor support or plate. Opening has a diameter slightly
less than the diameter of body 62 of bolt 61. Body 62 fits into opening
128 and engages the cylindrical wall 130 of member 126 surrounding opening
128 to retain bolt 61 in an upright position and stabilize bolt 61 on mold
member 126.
Mold member 126 has a flat annular wall or shoulder 132 at the bottom of
cavity 127 surrounding opening 128. Heating elements or rods 129 and 131
are located in member 126 adjacent wall 132. Heating elements 129 and 131
are electric heating members coupled to a source of electric power
operable to heat member 126 which conducts heat to particulate UHMWPE
located in cavity 127. Other types of heating devices can be used to heat
member 126 or subject particulate UHMWPE to a selected temperature range.
A UHMWPE member 59 is attached to head 63 and projections 64-67. Additional
bolts, such as bolts, 60 and 61, can be attached to member 59 currently
with bolt 61. Mold member 126 can have additional bolt retaining openings
for accommodating additional bolts. The bolt 61 is placed in cavity 127
with body 62 located in opening 128. Projections 64-67 have lower ends
that engage wall 132 and space the bottom of head 63 above wall 132. As
shown in FIG. 39, particulate UHMWPE 133 is deposited in cavity 127 above
and around head 63. The selected thickness of plate 59 or size and shape
of the completed object determines the amount of particulate UHMWPE placed
in cavity 127. The average particle size of the particulate UHMWPE is in
the range described herein with reference to particulate UHMWPE 124.
Female member 126, shown in FIG. 40, moves up into plunger 134 to subject
particulate UHMWPE to pressure to increase the density of the particles
and reduce gas and voids in the mass of particulate UHMWPE. The compressed
particulate UHMWPE is heated under pressure with heat conducted from
heating elements 129 and 131 and heating elements in the male member of
the mold assembly. The pressure, heating temperature range, cooling, and
removal of completed plate is the same as herein described with reference
to FIGS. 35 to 37.
A mold assembly 137 for a socket head cap screw 144 shown in FIGS. 41 to
43, has a female member 138 and a male member 150 operable to attach a
UHMWPE sleeve or ring on the head of a screw 144. Member 138 has an inside
cylindrical wall 139 and a flat bottom wall 141 surrounding a cavity 142.
A hexagonal boss or short shaft 143 secured to the center of bottom wall
141 retains cap screw 144 in an upright position in cavity 142. The axis
of cap screw 144 coincides with the upright axis of cavity 142. Cap screw
144 has a threaded body or stem 146 joined to a cylindrical head 147
having a hexagonal socket or recess 148. Socket 148 fits over boss 143 to
hold cap screw 144 on member 138. Boss 143 extends upwardly from a
cylindrical member 145 joined to bottom wall 141. Member 145 spaces the
outer end of head 147 above bottom wall 141. A tubular member or sleeve
149 surrounds the entire length of body 146, as shown in FIGS. 42 and 43.
The male member 150 is a tubular cylindrical plunger having an axial
center passage or bore 151 having a size to slidably fit over sleeve 146.
The inside diameter of sleeve 146 slidably accommodates body 146 of cap
screw 144 whereby plunger 151 telescopes over sleeve 149 to maintain cap
screw 144 in its upright position during compression of particulate UHMWPE
152 in cavity 152 around the sides and top of head 147.
The process of molecularly attaching a UHMWPE collar or ring 152, as shown
in FIG. 43, on cap screw 147 is commenced by placing head 147 of cap screw
144 on hexagonal boss 143 to locate cap screw 144 in cavity 142 with the
outer end of head spaced above bottom wall 141. Sleeve 149 is placed over
body 146 of cap screw 144. As shown in FIG. 42, particulate UHMWPE is
deposited in cavity around the sides and outer end of head 147 and sleeve
149. The amount of particulate UHMWPE deposited in cavity 142 is dependent
upon the size and shape of the collar bonded to head 147. Plunger 151 is
moved down into cavity 142 to apply pressure to the particulate UHMWPE
152. Heating elements 154 and 156 are operational to heat member 13.8
which transfers heat to the compressed UHMWPE. The pressure on the UHMWPE
is maintained during the heating stage. After the heating cycle, the mold
138, compressed UHMWPE and cap screw are cooled with a cold liquid flowing
through passages 157 and 158. The duration of the cooling cycle is
adjusted to insure that all the UHMWPE is cooled to a generally uniform
temperature below the melting temperature of UHMWPE. The cap screw joined
to the UHMWPE is then removed from the mold. The heating temperature
range, cooling, and removal of the completed combined cap screw and UHMWPE
collar is the same as herein described with reference to FIGS. 35 to 37.
A modification of the cap screw 249 with a UHMWPE cap 254 is shown in FIGS.
45 to 50. Cap screw 249 has a threaded body or stem 252 and a cone shaped
head 252 with a hexagonal socket 253. A cap 254 comprising UHMWPE is
molecularly bonded to head 252 and an annular washer 259 surrounding the
head 252. Washer 259 engages the tapered inside wall of head and provides
a large annular surface to anchor the UHMWPE and prevent cap 254 from
being pulled off head 252. Cap 254 has a flat top surface 256, a
cylindrical side wall 257 and an inside wall 258. Wall 258 is located
below washer 259. The molding process shown in FIGS. 41 to 43 is used to
mold the UHMWPE cap 254 on head 252 and washer 259.
A combined metal and UHMWPE plate 300, shown in FIGS. 51 to 55, has a metal
sheet or layer 301 and a generally flat body 304 of UHMWPE joined to metal
sheet 301. Sheet 301 smooth metal member having uniform thickness with
generally flat upper and lower surfaces 302 and 303. Sheet 301 can be
steel, aluminum or other metals. A rubber-like chemical locking adhesive
layer 306 located between metal sheet 301 and UHMWPE body 304 joins sheet
301 to body 304.
The combined metal and UHMWPE plate 300 is made by cleaning the surface 303
of metal sheet 301 with sandblasting the entire surface 303 and etching
surface 303 with a liquid etching chemical. The adhesive layer 306 is
applied to the etched surface 303. A pressure m | | |
