An improved, adaptive optics control system is disclosed. The system comprises a wavefront corrector, a wavefront sensor, a wavefront reconstructor and a wavefront controller. The wavefront corrector has a surface controlled by a plurality of actuators. The wavefront slope sensor has a subaperture separation mechanism for defining a plurality of subapertures through which the distorted wavefront can pass, each subaperture corresponding to an actuator of the wavefront corrector. The wavefront slope sensor produces a wavefront sensor output signal for each subaperture indicative of the distortion of the wavefront. The wavefront reconstructor is adapted to receive the wavefront sensor output signals and calculate corresponding phase estimates based thereon, each phase estimate having a signal-to-noise ratio. The wavefront reconstructor generates a plurality of correction signals to be applied to each of the actuators of the wavefront corrector, each correction signal having a bandwidth. The wavefront controller is adapted to selectively adjust the bandwidth of each correction signal based at least in part on at least one of the signal-to-noise ratio of the corresponding phase estimate of the actuator to which it is to be applied, the fraction of each subaperture that is illuminated by the distorted optical wavefront, and the signal level of the at least one pixel within each subaperture. A method of optical wavefront distortion correction is also disclosed.

An adaptive optics system is provided. The system includes a light source, a pair of deformable mirrors and a detection module. The light source is configured to provide an outgoing beam. The outgoing beam has an amplitude and a phase. The first deformable mirror is configured to reflect the outgoing beam and adjust its associated amplitude. The second deformable mirror is configured to reflect the outgoing beam reflected from the first deformable mirror and adjust its associated phase. The detection module is configured to detect an incoming beam and the reflected outgoing beam from the second deformable mirror and generate certain signals. The signals are used to control the first and second deformable mirrors such that the amplitude of the outgoing beam is the same as that of the incoming beam and the phase of the outgoing beam is opposite that of the incoming beam.

An incoming laser beam is relayed to a steering mirror and a phase correction device. The beam is relayed from the phase correction device to a focal plane array and to a wavefront sensor (WFS). Low order steering mirror tilt corrections can be based on data from the focal plane array. The WFS outputs data on multiple channels to a field programmable gate array (FPGA), with each of the WFS channels corresponding to a subaperture of the beam wavefront. The FPGA calculates phase corrections for each of the subapertures and forwards those corrections to the phase correction device. The FPGA also calculates tilts for the steering mirror based on the WFS output data, which tilts can be used instead of tilts based on focal plane array data. The phase corrections may be based on modulo 2.pi. phase error calculations and/or modal phase error calculations.

A closed loop compensation system including a deformable mirror including an array of spaced actuators. An array of spaced sensors is mapped in optical space to reside between pairs of actuators. A lens system receives a wavefront from the deformable mirror and focuses sub-apertures of the wavefront onto individual ones of the spaced sensors. A sequencer addresses each actuator and associated sensor in the arrays. A compute unit is configured to respond to the sequencer to set a first actuator to an adjusted stroke position and then adjust the stroke of subsequent actuators to locate, to a pre-established position, the focused sub-aperture on a sensor in the pathway between each particular subsequent actuator and a neighboring previously adjusted portion of the mirror to compensate for sub-aperture tilt while maintaining relative phase between sub-apertures.

A system and method for imaging one or more objects in the presence of unknown phase and amplitude aberrations is described. Multiple images are collected so as to have measurement diversity and processed using a model-based approach to estimate the aberrations. An incoherent imaging model may be constructed to estimate the dependence of the imagery upon the object and the optical system, including the aberrations. A probability density function may then be calculated using the estimated model. Next, a maximum-likelihood estimate may be calculated and optimized, thus yielding a close approximation of the phase and amplitude aberrations. The estimates may then be used to estimate an image of the object or correct the system for future imaging.