A method of correcting an error in an ECC protected mechanism of a computer system, such as a cache or system bus, by applying data with a number of bits N to an error correction code (ECC) matrix to yield an error detection syndrome, wherein the ECC matrix has a plurality of rows and columns with a given column corresponding to a respective one of the data bits, and selected bits are set in the ECC matrix along each column and each row such that encoding for the ECC matrix allows N-bit error correction and (N-1)-bit error detection. In the illustrative embodiment, the ECC matrix has an odd number of bits set in each row thereof. In the case of an ECC protected mechanism such as a memory device, these properties facilitate the use of an inversion bit for correcting hard faults in the stored data. When an error is detected and after it is corrected, the corrected data is inverted and then rewritten to the cache array. The corresponding inversion bit for this entry is accordingly set to indicate that the data as currently stored is inverted. Thereafter, the data is re-read from the array, and if the error was due to a hard fault (stuck bit), it will appear correct (after applying the polarity indicated by the inversion bit), since the inversion will have changed the value of the defective bit to the stuck value. The inversion bit may be part of the data itself. In this case, one of the columns in the ECC matrix corresponds to the inversion bit, and each bit in that column of the matrix is set. In the case of an ECC protected mechanism such as a system bus, once a stuck bit condition is detected, the sending device can elect to send data such that the polarity of the data for that bit is always flipped to match the logic level of the stuck value on the wire. This approach allows for full single-bit correct, double-bit detect even in the presence of a stuck bit.
A method of handling a stuck bit in a directory of a cache memory, by defining multiple binary encodings to indicate a defective cache state, detecting an error in a tag stored in a member of the directory (wherein the tag at least includes an address field, a state field and an error-correction field), determining that the error is associated with a stuck bit of the directory member, and writing new state information to the directory member which is selected from one of the binary encodings based on a field location of the stuck bit within the directory member. The multiple binary encodings may include a first binary encoding when the stuck bit is in the address field, a second binary encoding when the stuck bit is in the state field, and a third binary encoding when the stuck bit is in the error-correction field. The new state information may also further be selected based on the value of the stuck bit, e.g., a state bit corresponding to the stuck bit is assigned a bit value from the new state information which matches the value of the stuck bit.
