A preferred In Orbit Transportation & Recovery System (IOSTAR.TM.) (10) includes a space tug powered by a nuclear reactor (19). The IOSTAR.TM. includes a collapsible boom (11) connected at one end to a propellant tank (13) which stores fuel for an electric propulsion system (12). This end of the boom (11) is equipped with docking hardware (14) that is able to grasp and hold a satellite (15) and as a means to refill the tank (13). Radiator panels (16) mounted on the boom (11) dissipate heat from the reactor (19). A radiation shield (20) is situated next to the reactor (19) to protect the satellite payload (15) at the far end of the boom (11). The IOSTAR.TM. (10) will be capable of accomplishing rendezvous and docking maneuvers which will enable it to move spacecraft between a low Earth parking orbit and positions in higher orbits or to other locations in our Solar System.

A preferred In Orbit Transportation & Recovery System (IOSTAR.TM.)(10) includes a space tug powered by a nuclear reactor (19). The IOSTAR.TM. includes a collapsible boom (11) connected at one end to a propellant tank (13) which stores fuel for an electric propulsion system (12). This end of the boom (11) is equipped with docking hardware (14) that is able to grasp and hold a satellite (15) and as a means to refill the tank (13). Radiator panels (16) mounted on the boom (11) dissipate heat from the reactor (19). A radiation shield (20) is situated next to the reactor (19) to protect the satellite payload (15) at the far end of the boom (11). The IOSTAR.TM. (10) will be capable of accomplishing rendezvous and docking maneuvers which will enable it to move fully deployed spacecraft between a low Earth parking orbit and positions in higher orbits or to other locations in our Solar System.

A propellant depot (40, 150) includes a utility box (42, 42') that has space flight equipment. A propellant cartridge adaptor (95) is coupled to the utility box (42, 42') and to an exchangeable propellant cartridge system (41). The propellant depot (40, 150) also includes a docking adaptor (44) for coupling to an approaching spacecraft (24). A controller (66) controls the transfer of propellant from within the exchangeable propellant cartridge system (41) to the spacecraft (24). A method of providing propellant to a spacecraft in space includes launching an orbital propellant depot (40, 150) into space. The spacecraft is docked to the orbital propellant depot (40, 150) in space. Propellant is transferred to the spacecraft. The spacecraft is separated from the orbital propellant depot (40, 150).

An aerospace frame accommodates propellant tanks for facilitating propellant operations in space. The frame includes at least two plates for supporting the propellant tanks; at least one brace supporting the plates; and a cavity between two plates that accommodates a removable propellant tank.