Compositions and methods for destroying biological agents such as toxins and bacteria are provided wherein the substance to be destroyed is contacted with finely divided metal oxide or hydroxide nanocrystals. In various embodiments, the metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals have reactive atoms stabilized on their surfaces, species adsorbed on their surfaces, or are coated with a second metal oxide. The desired metal oxide or metal hydroxide nanocrystals can be pressed into pellets for use when a powder is not feasible. Preferred metal oxides for the methods include MgO, SrO, BaO, CaO, TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, FeO, V.sub.2O.sub.3, V.sub.2O.sub.5, Mn.sub.2O.sub.3, Fe.sub.2O.sub.3, NiO, CuO, Al.sub.2O.sub.3, SiO.sub.2, ZnO, Ag.sub.2O, [Ce(NO.sub.3).sub.3--Cu(NO.sub.3).sub.2]TiO.sub.2, Mg(OH).sub.2, Ca(OH).sub.2, Al(OH).sub.3, Sr(OH).sub.2, Ba(OH).sub.2, Fe(OH).sub.3, Cu(OH).sub.3, Ni(OH).sub.2, Co(OH).sub.2, Zn(OH).sub.2, AgOH, and mixtures thereof.
RELATED APPLICATION
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/824,947, filed Apr. 3, 2001 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,653,519, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/549,991, filed Apr. 14, 2000 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,417,423, incorporated by reference herein, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 09/153,437, incorporated by reference herein and filed Sep. 15, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,057,488.
