The subject invention pertains to liquid fire starter compositions and methods of making and using the fire starter compositions. The liquid fire starters comprise mineral oil and an alcohol. Mineral oil makes up approximately 80-98% volume to volume (v/v) of the fire starter composition while the alcohol comprises approximately 2-20% (v/v) of the composition. A preferred embodiment comprises about 95% mineral oil and about 5% ethanol. The starter can be shaken, applied to a combustible, then lighted to ignite charcoal or other flammable materials. The fire starter compositions of the invention are odorless and safe for indoor as well as outdoor use.
This invention relates to an ultra-low sulphur fuel composition comprising (A) a major amount of a base fuel having (a) no more than 50 ppm by weight of sulphur, (b) no more than 10% by weight of olefins and (c) no more than 10% by weight of an ester and (B) at least 1% by weight based on the total fuel composition of an oxygenate selected from its group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, ketone having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s) and having no other oxygen atom in its structure. These specific oxygenates further reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of engines powered by ultra-low sulphur diesel fuels which fuels are already known to generate low particulate emissions. These oxygenates are capable of an impressive performance with respect to particulate emissions over a broad range of vehicles and driving cycles when compared with the performance of oxygenates used hitherto.
This invention is a method of reducing particulate matter emission from internal combustion engines which use a diesel fuel composition comprising a major amount of a diesel fuel having a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, by admixing said fuel with greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 4 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons and mixture of said alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduce particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.
This invention is a fuel composition for use in internal combustion engines comprising a major amount of a base fuel which contains no more than 10% by weight of olefins and no more than 10% by weight of esters, and greater than 5% by weight based on the total composition of an oxygenate selected from the group consisting of a saturated, aliphatic monohydric alcohol having on an average from 8 to 20 carbon atoms, one or more ketones having on an average 5 to 25 carbons, and mixtures of the alcohol(s) and ketone(s). The amount of the oxygenate in the fuel composition is sufficient to provide the fuel with at least 0.5% by weight of oxygen. The oxygenate significantly reduces particulate emissions from the exhausts of diesel powered engines.
