An aqueous ionomer gel having a high viscosity, particularly a proton conducting ionomer, as well as to related products incorporating such gels. Such aqueous ionomer gels are suitable for suspending catalysts for formation of catalyst inks, which in turn are suitable for screen printing on a variety of surfaces. Representative surfaces are the electrode or membrane surfaces in an electrochemical fuel cell. Methods for making aqueous ionomer gels are also disclosed.

In a gas gauge, effects due to changes in the local environment are reduced by causing a measurement nozzle and a reference nozzle to react as if they were co-located, or located at approximately the same position. This is achieved by venting the reference nozzle in very close proximity to the measurement nozzle. A reference chamber surrounding the reference plate and reference nozzle is vented at approximately the same location as the measurement nozzle. In an embodiment for use in a vacuum env...

A detection apparatus for detecting refrigerator door openings is coupled to at least one switch configured to be activated by a door opening. When the door is opened, the switch is activated and inputs a signal to the detection apparatus. The detection apparatus rectifies the signal; and phase-shifts the rectified signal so that it leads or lags the line voltage. The shifted output signal is fed to a processor that detects the opening of the door based upon the shifted signal. Signals output by...

Upward flowing water through a riser from a reservoir excites a freely suspended striker displacing it from its gravitational resting position to make chaotic contact with encircling resonating elements attached to a mounting plate in order to produce tones of random sequence and degree. The upward water flow is generated by a pump submerged in the water reservoir that is replenished by the gravity flow of water returning through an aperture in the mounting plate. The striker is freely suspended...

A door condition sensor for a safe having a door. The sensor has a housing mounted on an inside surface of the door, frame engageable means for abutting the door frame, a driver rotatably mounted in the housing, analog signal generator mounted in the housing having a rotatable part driven by the driver, and spring for extending the frame engageable means that is slideably mounted and confined to linear displacement in the housing. The driver transforms displacement of the frame engageable means ...

A signal to warn of the open condition of a sub-grade vault whose lid may be open or missing. A spring-loaded placard is held down in the vault by a closed lid and raises above the opening by its own stored energy when the lid is open or missing.

A radar device for measuring distance within short range is provided. The radar device has a first wave-detecting circuit for multiplying radio wave voltage being transmitted from a transmitting antenna by radio wave voltage being received by a receiving antenna, in addition, the device has a second wave-detecting circuit for multiplying radio wave voltage being transmitted from the transmitting antenna by radio wave voltage shifted by the shifting means from the radio wave being received by the...

A transponder having a subsystem for providing an altitude alert function signifying a deviation from a set altitude is described. The subsystem includes an input for receiving an altitude deviation limit associated with the set altitude, a CPU receiving updated altitude and determining a difference between the updated altitude and the set altitude associated with the altitude deviation limit, and a transponder subsystem output device for providing the difference between the updated altitude and...

A method for guiding text-to-speech output timing with speech recognition markers can include the following steps. First, tokens can be retrieved in a TTS system. The tokens can include words, phrase markers, punctuation marks and meta-tags. Second, phrase markers can be identified among the retrieved tokens. Third, words can be identified among the retrieved tokens. Fourth, the TTS system can TTS play back the identified words. Finally, during the TTS playback of the words, the TTS system can p...

A light-receiving member comprising a conductive substrate, and formed superposingly thereon a photosensitive layer and a surface protective layer in order. The light-receiving member has a surface roughness Ra of from 15 nm to 100 nm. Also disclosed is an image-forming apparatus having such a light-receiving member, and an image-forming method of rendering visible an electrostatic pattern formed on the light-receiving member. The light-receiving member promises stable formation of images over a...