A technique for flattening architectural register windows into flattened space depending on a current window pointer to a register window is provided. The technique involves converting an n-bit value of a particular register in a register window to an x-bit value dependent on the current window pointer, where x is greater than n, and where the x-bit value is used for register dependency checking among a plurality of instructions.

For use in a wide-issue pipelined processor, a mechanism and method for reducing pipeline stalls between nested calls and supporting early prefetching of instructions in nested subroutines and a digital signal processor (DSP) incorporating the mechanism or the method. In one embodiment, the mechanism includes: (1) a program counter (PC) generator that generates return PC values for call instructions in a pipeline of the processor and (2) return PC storage, coupled to the PC generator and located...

In lieu of branch prediction, a merged fetch-branch unit operates in parallel with the decode unit within a processor. Upon detection of a branch instruction within a group of one or more fetched instructions, any instructions preceding the branch are marked regular instructions, the branch instruction is marked as such, and any instructions following branch are marked sequential instructions. Within two cycles, sequential instructions following the last fetched instruction are retrieved and mar...

In order to overcome the problem that conditionally executed instructions are executed as no-operation instructions if their condition is not fulfilled, leading to poor utilization efficiency of the hardware and lowering the effective performance, the processor decodes a number of instructions that is greater than the number of provided computing units and judges their execution conditions with an instruction issue control portion before the execution stage, Instructions for which the condition ...

In one particular embodiment, a processor receives and processes a plurality of instruction from a single instruction register. The processor loads the plurality of instructions into a single register and determines the number and size of instructions while the instructions are in the register. Each of the plurality of instructions is then simultaneously presented to the decoder. The decoder then decodes a first of the plurality of instructions and determines whether any additional instructions ...

A method and apparatus for public key certificate updates is accomplished when a user of a secured communications system provides, from time to time, a public key certificate update subscription update to a server. The public key certificate update subscription information identifies at least one subscriber subject (i.e., another end-user) that the user desires to obtain real time public key updates when they occur. In response to the subscription information, the server monitors public key cert...

An authentication method and schemes using a block cipher to protect data integrity (authenticity) during communication over insecure channels and during data storage on insecure media. The authentication method and schemes of this invention allow, in a further aspect, message and data signing and verification in parallel or pipelined manners, in addition to sequential operation, without requiring twice as many block enciphering operations as the number of input plaintext blocks. The present inv...

A microfluidic device provides separation of particles in a liquid sample, particularly, separation of a sample of whole blood into its components for further analysis. Separation into red blood cells and plasma occurs within a few seconds after the blood sample has been transferred into a separation chamber with the application of centrifugal force of less than about five times gravity. With the application of greater force measurement of hematocrit is possible.

The essence of the invention is in that when making a digital blind RSA-signature a new technique for blinding an initial data by a RSA-encryption and corresponding technique for unblinding the signed blinded data are employed, which gives the possibility to use an unlimited number of kinds of the signature in electronic systems of the mass scale service. The untraceability is ensured by a corresponding choice of the randomized exponent R, RSA-key used in RSA-encryption the initial data, and by ...

An improved method of optimizing the instruction set of a digital processor using code compression. In one embodiment, the method comprises obtaining an assembly language program to be used for the optimization process; calculating the static frequency of each instruction type from the base instruction set; sorting the instruction types by frequency; determining the number and type of instructions necessary for correct program execution; creating a compressed instruction set encoding; re-evaluat...