A spectrometer with the basic optical elements is described which scans the spectrum electronically rather than by mechanical manipulation or use of image tubes. The detecting elements are light sensitive charge coupled device detector arrays.

A receiver of thermal radiation of thin film deposit material of high temperature coefficient of electrical resistance having surface absorptive characteristics.

The invention constitutes a method of and apparatus for measuring the absolute wavelength of a source of unknown frequency radiation through directing radiant energy of known frequency against a diffraction grating of predetermined pattern so as to image a calibrated scale on a suitable screen or the like, and then directing the radiant energy from the unknown frequency source along the same path to the diffraction grating and onto the screen, where a visually available easy-to-read measurement ...

A photometric calibrator is disclosed wherein a known and continuously vable amount of light flux received at a detector is linearly proportional to the inverse fourth power of the optical path length between the detector and a primary, quasi-point source of the light flux. The calibrator includes a secondary, quasi-point light flux source wherein the total flux emitted thereby is proportional to the flux received thereby over a quasi-point detecting area located at some distance, d, from the pr...

This invention provides different length glass fibers for providing a broad range of optical time delays for short incident chromatic light pulses for the selective spatial and frequency analysis of the light with a single light detector. To this end, the frequencies of the incident light are orientated and matched with the different length fibers by dispersing the separate frequencies in space according to the respective fiber locations and lengths at the input terminal of the glass fibers. Thi...

The sensing device is a light level indicator that comprises a light sensitive element such as a photo resistor, associated detection circuitry and "go" and "no go" indicator lights which determine whether the level of illumination is above or below a predetermined acceptable level for a given area being tested. The device may be constructed with two light sensitive elements one for sensing direct light and the other for sensing reflected light, or alternatively, the device may have only either ...

A method of measuring the absorptivity or emissivity factor of a sample at ambient temperature comprises maintaining a thermopile at a constant temperature substantially above ambient temperature and exposing the sample to radiation exclusively from the thermopile. The voltage across the thermopile is measured and provides a measure of the absorptivity or emissivity factor. The thermopile may be disposed in a temperature-controlled furnace extending into a conical cavity.

A high efficiency laser spectrum conditioner for generating a collinear parallel output beam containing a predetermined set of frequencies from a multifrequency laser. A diffraction grating and spherical mirror are used in combination, to disperse the various frequencies of the input laser beam and direct these frequencies along various parallel lines spatially separated from one another to an apertured mask. Selection of the desired frequencies is accomplished by placement of apertures at locat...

In the double-beam spectrophotometer, two light beams, a reference beam and a sample beam, are used. Optical signals in the light beams are converted into electrical signals. The magnitudes of a reference signal and a sample signal are compared. A voltage to be applied to a photoelectric converting means is adjusted on the basis of the difference signal between the larger signal of the compared signals and a reference voltage so that the magnitude of the larger signal is substantially constant. ...

A protection device for an electro-optical detector used in systems for making far field diagnostic measurements of a high energy laser beam comprises a solid silicon cone having a truncated apex which functions as the pin hole aperture for the detector. The large end of the cone has a surface defined by the radius drawn from the cone axis at the truncation. This surface is coated with a reflective attenuation layer which reflects a high percentage of the energy of the incident laser beam enteri...