In order to quantitatively evaluate actual circulation quantity of bed material extremely simply and to enhance accuracy of comparison of results of thermal balance examined through simulation or the like with actual operation results, time is measured which is required for bed material in a downcomer 5 to reach an upper predetermined height H.sub.1 from a lower reference height H.sub.0 during stopped feeding of fluidizing air to an external heat exchanger 7; a flow rate of the bed material as c...

A fluidized bed reactor in which a heat exchanger is located adjacent the reactor with each enclosing a fluidized bed and sharing a common wall including a plurality of water tubes. A mixture of flue gases and entrained particulate materials from the fluidized bed in the reactor are separated and the separated particulate material is passed to the fluidized bed in the heat exchanger. Coolant is passed in a heat exchange relation with the separated materials in the heat exchanger to remove heat f...

A continuous steam generator with a circulating atmospheric fludized-bed chamber is defined by encircling walls essentially on all sides, comprised of gas-permeable tubular walls provided with essentially vertical tubes, and comprises at least one funnel in its lower region. The turbulence combustion chamber has at one essentially vertically arranged heating surface provided with vertical tubes, said heating surface comprises of a welded tube-web-tube combination, and a water/steam working mediu...

A pressurized combustion chamber assembly wherein a fluidized bed extends in a longitudinal direction through an elongated, cylindrically shaped outer casing. A multi-stage cleaning plant is positioned within the casing, whereby a plurality of cleaning devices are each connected in parallel to an outlet of the fluidized bed and a plurality of second stage cleaning devices are each connected to an outlet of one of the first stage cleaning devices, respectively. The combustion chamber assembly is ...

A boiler suitable for catalytic combustion of fuel comprises a pilot burner and at least two sections comprising a fuel injector, a catalytic combustor and a heat exchanger. The catalytic combustor may comprise a monolith support for the catalyst. Combustion of the fuel takes place in stages with intermediate abstraction of heat, combustion being completed in the final catalytic combustor in which the oxygen content preferably is reduced substantially to zero.

This invention relates to power sources which may be used underwater and to such sources in which catalytic combustion of the fuel takes place. The power source according to the invention includes two or more catalytic combustors each comprising a fuel injector, a supported catalyst having a ceramic or metallic support, a high surface area refractory metal oxide coating on the support and a catalytic layer on the coating the catalytic layer comprising a platinum group metal selected from the gro...

The invention relates to a boiler for the production of steam, the boiler having a maximum capacity of 100 ton/hr or more and comprising a furnace having a substantially constant rectangular cross-section and a back pass with a substantially constant rectangular cross-section. The furnace and the back pass are mounted close to each other and means are provided for superheating the steam. The steam superheating means are positioned within the back pass, so that no superheater is positioned within...

A low-temperature steam generating device comprises a pressure reducing unit 2 that lowers the pressure of steam to below atmospheric pressure by means of a vacuum pressure reducing valve 3 and a cooling unit 4 that changes steam with reduced pressure into saturated steam by lowering the temperature of the steam. The vacuum pressure reducing valve 3 is controlled based on the pressure and temperature of the steam with reduced pressure, whereas the cooling unit has a spray nozzle 5 that sprays co...

A frame structure is provided for a bed vessel in an energy plant with higher or lower pressure in the bed vessel in relation to the surrounding space. The walls of the bed vessel are stiffened by surrounding horizontally extending, continuous frames with stiff corners, beams in the frames are built up from rolled standard beams and each individual frame is supported and guided by devices applied to the bed vessel wall. The devices make possible axial movements of the frame beams in relation to ...

A fluidized bed reactor, comprising a furnace, a heat exchange chamber, a substantially vertical discharge channel connected to the lower part of the heat exchange chamber for removing particulate material from the heat exchange chamber to the furnace, and a substantially vertical auxiliary channel for transferring particulate material from the heat exchange chamber to the furnace and from the furnace to the heat exchange chamber, the lower part of said auxiliary channel being provided with nozz...