In an electrolysis appliance or a reversible fuel cell which can be operated optionally as a fuel cell or as an electrolysis appliance, a gas reservoir is in the form of a one-piece or two-piece, tubular hollow body. The gas reservoir is open at the top and is split into a reservoir area and an expansion area by a separating plug having an immersion tube which passes through it and points downward. In a region of the reservoir area, the gas reservoirs are each fitted directly to the end plates, ...

A purge pump is arranged for removing inert gases and impurities from the reactant gases in fuel cells or fuel cell systems. Normal operation of fuel cells results in the accumulation of inert gases in the reactant gases after a period of operation, ultimately tending to blanket an electrode, causing the performance of the fuel cell to deteriorate. The purge pump, which is arranged to remove such materials at intervals, includes a housing incorporating an ion exchange membrane with electrodes on...

The invention relates to the design parameters for diaphragm type chlorine cells. Specifically, the invention relates to the discovery that, in the design of cells in which the effective electrode height is greater than 3.5 feet, it is necessary for the efficient operation of the cells both with respect to current utilization and distribution, that anolyte brine recirculation rates be employed between the bottom and top of the anode(s) such that the ratio of recirculated anolyte brine flow in a ...

A method and apparatus for centrifugal separation of hot materials such as molten metals and slag including feeding the metal and slag mixture into a rotational separator drum having a center inlet at one end and coaxial outlets at the other end, a burner shell within the center of the drum chamber having radial outlet holes and a burner therein with the flame gases flowing outwardly through the radial outlet holes and over the surface of the material being separated heating the material and the...

An assembly for use in electrolysis cells including a permanent, rigid, inert and reusable base which has the form of a square open tank with only three sidewalls; and, an anodic aggregate set down on this base without an fastening means. This aggregate is composed of graphite anodic plates, anodic bars and the fourth sidewall of the base. All metallic parts of the assembly are protected by a covering which also embodies the fourth sidewall. The tightness between the fourth sidewall and the base...

An electrolysis system to be used in a salt-water application at a predetermined depth. The electrolysis system comprises two cylindrical tanks that are connected by an ionic bridge. Enclosed within each tank are turbine assemblies attached to a generator by a shaft. An anode coil is secured to one tank near the bottom and a cathode coil is secured to the other tank near its bottom. Electricity is supplied from an external source to power said anode and cathode coils. Once electrolysis starts to...

A production apparatus of hypochlorite solution includes an electrolytic cell having a housing the interior of which is subdivided by a partition membrane to form therein anode and cathode chambers, and positive and negative electrodes respectively disposed within the anode and cathode chambers and opposed to each other through the partition membrane, wherein the positive and negative electrodes are applied with DC voltage to effect electrolysis of chloride solution such as sodium chloride solut...

A storage stable fluid delivery device including a gas generator in which moisture (water) is involved in the gas generation reaction in which moisture containment is utilized to prevent or retard water loss as disclosed. The moisture containment may be a moisture impermeable membrane as a permanent part of the device and may be utilized in conjunction with the gas generator when the membrane has high gas permeability for the gas being generated. The fluid delivered by such device is typically a...

An apparatus for the separation of components such as molten metals, compounds or metal containing slags centrifugally including a centrifugal body universally suspended including a hollow shaft with a concentric inlet opening at the bottom to be submerged beneath the surface of a liquid to be separated with the larger basket portion surrounding an upper portion of the shaft radially communicating openings and dual layered annular cooling sleeves surrounding the pipe and basket with means for co...

An diaphragm electrolytic cell for decomposing brine into free chlorine gas for distribution in a water pool against varying gas pressure. The cell has a brine inlet column, a liquid product discharge column, and a chlorine withdrawal column extending above the cell, with the brine inlet column vented to the atmosphere and connected to the anode chamber and with the liquid product discharge column vented to the atmosphere, connected to the cathode chamber, and having a liquid column pressure lar...