The invention relates to a storage device for storage of information using field emission comprising two spaced apart members. Each member comprises a plurality of parallel conducting lines having adsorbates disposed thereon. The lines are disposed on a nonconductive substrate. The members are positioned with the parallel conducting lines of each member facing each other without planar alignment of the lines of one member with the lines of the other member.

An active medium, typically a photochromic material and more typically spirbenzopyran, maintained in a three-dimensional matrix, typically of polymer, is illuminated in selected regions by two UV laser light beams, typically of 532 nm. and 1064 nm. wavelength, to change from a first, spiropyran, to a second, merocyanine, stable molecular isomeric form by process of two-photon absorption. Regions not temporally and spatially coincidently illuminated are unchanged. Later illumination of the select...

A molecular memory cell and methods for forming a molecular memory cell, which allow for easy and inexpensive manufacturing and flexibility in memory system design. Embodiments include a non-volatile molecular memory cell, comprising: a substrate having a conductor, a superionic conductor, a polymer layer over said superionic conductor, a layer of metal ions formed from the superionic conductor and residing between said polymer layer and said superionic conductor, and a second conductor over the...

An electrochromic molecular colorant and a plurality of uses as an erasably writeable medium. Multitudinous types of substrates, such as paper, are adaptable for receiving a coating of the colorant. Electrical fringe field or through fields are used to transform targeted pixel molecules between a first, high color state and transparent state, providing information content having resolution and viewability at least equal to hard copy document print. The scope of the invention includes both the li...

An electrochromic molecular colorant and a plurality of uses as an erasably writeable medium. Multitudinous types of substrates, such as paper, are adaptable for receiving a coating of the colorant. Electrical fringe field or through fields are used to transform targeted pixel molecules between a first, high color state and transparent state, providing information content having resolution and viewability at least equal to hard copy document print. The scope of the invention includes both the li...

The present invention provides a storage device including a first electrode, a plurality of second electrodes arranged opposite the first electrode across a gap, and a particle which is selectively placed in one of the gaps between the first electrode and the second electrodes and which is movable between the first electrode and the second electrode and between the adjacent second electrodes. A stored state is determined utilizing the presence of the particle.

A storage media for storing information having a substrate. The substrate has an upper surface and a molecular weight greater than 5,000. Preferably the material is a polymer. The material has a plurality of piles of molecular chains in selected areas formed by pushing the molecular chains of the material on its upper surface to the selected area mechanically with a mechanical tool. The piles represent written information. The mechanical tool is preferably an atomic force microscope. Another asp...

The present invention provides high density, non-volatile memory devices incorporating winged trimers of porphyrinic macrocycles. In preferred embodiments, the two wing porphyrinic macrocycles are the same, and both are different from the center macrocycle. Such molecules are relatively easy to synthesize, have four different and distinguishable oxidation states, and thus provide molecules, information storage media and apparatus that store two bits of information.

The invention provides a magnetic memory device wherein an imbalance between variation threshold values for different magnetization directions of storage elements thereof such as a displacement of the center of an asteroid curve from the origin can be corrected readily without modifying the storage elements themselves. The magnetic memory device includes a plurality of storage elements of the magnetoresistive type capable of storing information making use of a variation of the magnetization dire...

This invention provides novel high density memory devices that are electrically addressable permitting effective reading and writing, that provide a high memory density (e.g., 10.sup.15 bits/cm.sup.3), that provide a high degree of fault tolerance, and that are amenable to efficient chemical synthesis and chip fabrication. The devices are intrinsically latchable, defect tolerant, and support destructive or non-destructive read cycles. In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a fixed elect...