A system and apparatus for condensing boil-off vapor from a Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) container are disclosed. A system for condensing vapor includes the steps of providing contact area within a condenser vessel, directing vapor to the condenser vessel, providing a condensing fluid and a pump fluid, directing the condensing fluid to the condenser vessel, varying the flow of the condensing fluid to control the pressure in the vessel, contacting the vapor with the condensing fluid to create a co...

A method of producing ice while substantially reducing encapsulation of refrigerant in the ice by feeding a liquefied refrigerant in the form of a jet of very fine droplets to an aqueous body whereby the liquefied refrigerant is very rapidly vaporized and ice is produced, by transfer of heat from the adjacent water to the refrigerant, without encapsulating any significant amount of refrigerant in the ice. The refrigerant within the feeding device is desirably at a temperature above the freezing ...

A method and apparatus for cooling an aqueous liquid at ground level, by a refrigeration system which rejects heat, to produce an aqueous ice slurry of ice crystals in the aqueous liquid; and (A) feeding some of the aqueous ice slurry from ground level to a heat exchanger in a mine chamber substantially below ground level to cool air or water in the mine chamber by heat exchange with the slurry thereby producing warm aqueous liquid from the slurry; withdrawing the warm aqueous liquid from the mi...

A method of separating solid particles present in a liquid in which the solid particles float by subjecting the liquid to centrifugal force in a chamber thereby causing the solid particles to move radially inwardly and produce a pack of solid particles while the liquid freed of solid particles flows radially outwardly; continuously withdrawing liquid freed of solid particles from the chamber; and continuously removing solid particles from the pack. Apparatus for centrifugal separation of solid p...

In an improved refrigerated silo, at least the walls of the structure, and preferably the top in addition, have a monolithic structure including spaced air ducts comprising U-shaped channels held against the interior heat conducting wall of the silo by means of an overlayer of a cured- or foamed-in-place expanded plastic material which adhesively contacts both the channels and the wall of the silo and serves as the principal means of maintaining the integrity of the structure. The ends of the ch...

A collecting and treating tank which holds liquid and in which a vertically movable cover floats on the liquid or on a gas layer above the liquid, comprising a tank having a vertical cylindrical circular wall, a bottom at and joined to the wall, and a circular cover which fits loosely inside the circular wall so that it is vertically displaceable with change in liquid and/or gas volume beneath the cover; and a plurality of cover guides, spaced radially around the cover edge, which are adapted to...

A method for concentrating aqueous mixtures and particularly mixtures which contain volatile desirable components such as flavor constituents is disclosed. An aqueous feed mixture is cooled sufficiently to produce ice crystals therein. The ice crystals are removed from the chilled mixture to produce a liquid phase from which some of the water has been removed and which is therefore concentrated. The concentrated liquid phase is split into two portions, one of which is collected as a first produc...

An enclosed storage tank for a hot liquid comprising a metal shell with a flat metal bottom, a vertical cylindrical metal side wall and a metal roof; a vertical cylindrical internal wall, supported by the tank bottom, axially located in the tank to provide an annular space between the tank side wall and the internal wall; openings to provide gravity flow of liquid between both sides of the internal wall; and the internal wall comprising a plurality of interconnected insulating blocks constitutin...

A vertical shell and tube heat exchanger in which the tubes extend through oversized holes in a liquid distribution plate. Liquid flows through the holes and down each tube exterior surface as a falling film. A spacer or clip, desirably of wire, is placed in each hole around each tube to center the tube so that the film has a uniform thickness. The clip is self-locking and remains fixed securely in position.

An upflow liquid clarifier for treating a liquid that contains dissolved or suspended solids has a lower chamber with an annular shape, an inner wall extending upwardly and inwardly from that lower chamber, and an outer wall that extends upwardly and outwardly from the lower chamber. Inlets in communication with the lower chamber provide entry for liquid, which rises in a helical motion through the clarifier. Motion of the water establishes a sludge blanket, through which clarified water rises a...