In a combustion process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean formation vertically traversed by an injection well through which an oxygen-containing gas is injected and a plurality of production wells through which liquid hydrocarbons and gaseous products of combustion are produced; oil recovery is improved by throttling of the production wells to increase the steam pressure in the locus ahead of the combustion zone, and according to a preferred mode, the combustion front advance is co...

An apparatus and a method is disclosed for determining the crushing strength of pellets of a powdered material by compressing individual pellets between one pellet-contacting face on a force-exerting means and another pellet-contacting face on a force-measuring transducer. The transducer provides an output current at a voltage which varies in correspondence to the compressive force that is applied to a pellet during the crushing thereof. Accordingly, a pellet is first placed between the aforesai...

A water-insoluble amine-aldehyde copolymer intumescent agent having a number average molecular weight of about 350-2000 and consisting essentially of repeating units corresponding to the formula: ##SPC1## Wherein Q is the aldehyde residue and R is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, halo, nitro, acetamido, or sulfonamido is mixed with about 10-100% by weight of 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane as a synergist to increase the foam volume obtainable from the intumescent agent...

A reforming catalyst comprising minor amounts of platinum and cadmium and chloride on an alumina support. Preferably the cadmium is in the amount of about 0.2% wt. and the platinum is in the amount of about 0.4% wt. and the chloride is in the amount of about 0.1% wt. to 2.0% wt. of the catalyst.

A vulcanizing agent for rubber is incorporated into a polymer which is substantially noncrosslinkable by the agent but which is fusible with rubber upon milling. The resulting polymeric mixture and a vulcanizable rubber are formed into strips which are joined together along the lengths thereof to form an elongated, two-component tape wherein the rubber vulcanizing agent is carried in the nonreactive polymer. Sections of the tape can be milled to produce a vulcanizable compound by blending the po...

A water-insoluble amine-aldehyde copolymer intumescent agent having a number average molecular weight of about 350-2000 and consisting essentially of repeating units corresponding to the formula: ##SPC1## Wherein Q is the aldehyde residue and R is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, halo, nitro, acetamido, or sulfonamido is mixed with about 10-50% by weight of a synergist corresponding to the formula: ##SPC2## Wherein X is chloro or bromo, T is halo, hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl or hyd...

The flow path of petroleum in underground reservoirs is monitored by injecting a stable free radical, or spin label, into the reservoir as a tracer which becomes detectable in a sample taken from a producing well. Detection of the spin label is by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. Spin label tracers are, on the average, detectable at dilutions 1 million times lower than is possible with standard chemical tracing methods.

Wet pellets of carbon black are dried to produce dry pellets by means of a two-step process. In the first step a bed of wet pellets is fluidized by means of a heated gas and the pellets are thus partially dried. In the second step the partially dried pellets from the first step are subjected to additional drying while in a nonfluidized state, e.g. pellets from the fluidized bed are heated and subjected to a mild, mechanically produced tumbling action during the second step.

In a combustion process for recovering hydrocarbons from a subterranean hydrocarbon-bearing formation comprising an upper permeable hydrocarbon-bearing stratum overlying a lower permeable hydrocarbon-bearing stratum and separated therefrom by a semi-permeable stratum which is substantially permeable to oxygen but not substantially permeable to water; the strata are traversed by injection and production wells, the lower hydrocarbon-bearing stratum is ignited near an injection well and oxygen-cont...

Furnace black products are disclosed which have a particle size of at least 15 millimicrons, a dibutylphthalate absorption (DBP) not exceeding 120 c.c./100 gms., a nitrogen surface area of at least 500 m.sup.2 /gm., and a volatile content no greater than about 3 weight percent. The volatile and oxygen content of these blacks can be substantially increased by reaction with an oxygenating agent, such as nitric acid, to provide oxygenated carbon blacks which are useful in xerographic toner composit...