The present invention is a device for measuring the temperature of a molten metal. The device includes a thermocouple element, a housing consisting of a heat-resistant material and a retainer member for receiving the thermocouple element. The retainer member has an open end and a closed end. The thermocouple element has a hot junction located proximate the closed end of the retainer member. The retainer member is positioned within the housing and is smaller in size than the housing to define a c...

The invention relates to a mineral-insulated supply line for a sensor, including a sleeve and at least one internal conductor arranged in the sleeve, with one end of the at least internal conductor connected with a sensor element or its supply line and with the sleeve containing a mineral powder as insulation material. To obtain a high temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant supply line for gas sensors, at least one internal conductor is made of a metal from the group consisting of tantalu...

A temperature-dependent measuring resistor is connected to a reference resistor in series, wherein this series connection is flowed through by a constant impressed current. A connection point located between the two resistors is connected to the N-input of a first feedback differential amplifier, whose P-input is supplied with direct current voltage tapped from a voltage divider. During a temperature increase in the area of the measuring resistor, the potential increases at the output of the fir...

A method for measurement of nitrogen oxides using a gas sensor. To reliably measure nitrogen oxides, the sensor has a reference electrode representing a constant oxygen partial pressure, at least two electrode pairs, with common a electrode associated with each pair of electrodes, and solid electrolytes arranged between the two electrodes of an electrode pair directly at the electrodes. The solid electrolyte between a first electrode pair is gas-permeable, while the solid electrolyte between a s...

A printed circuit board has a conductor path applied to a substrate having an electrically insulating surface, the conductor path preferably being constructed in the shape of a meander and containing connection areas with holes to which small contact plates are applied for the purpose of later bonding with connection leads. The small contact plates are applied in a hard soldering process with the aid of solder paste to the connection areas of the conductor paths and to the surface area of the su...

Oxygen sensor for measuring resistance as a function of oxygen partial pressure, made of alkaline-earth-doped perovskitic lanthanum ferrites with the general formula where Me is one of alkaline earth metals, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, x is a degree of doping of the lanthanum ferrites. The oxygen sensor oxygen deficit of anion is 6=0 to 0.25, and the degree of doping of the lanthanum ferrites is x=0.1 to 0.3 and is selected to provide a temperature independent resistance property to the oxygen sensor in...

The invention relates to a catalytic layer system on a resistive gas sensor, especially on a resistive gas sensor layer on a titanate base, with at least one first layer and a second layer lying over the first layer, where, according to the invention, the first layer exhibits a catalytically active substance whose volume percentage in the layer ranges from 20 to 80%. In addition, the first layer contains a titanate that corresponds to at least one titanate of the underlying gas sensor layer. Thi...

The invention relates to a process for monitoring the operativeness of a catalytic converter used to clean the exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine that is regulated by a lambda sensor through temperature measurement with a heat tone sensor exhibiting a catalytically active coating. The process provides information on both the percentage of individual, non-converted exhaust components and on the current thermal load on the catalytic converter. Readings are taken by the heat tone sensor a...

An electrode material is provided for electrochemical sensors, particularly for sensors detecting combustible gases. For these types of applications, perovskite electrode materials are known which, however, by modification of their oxygen stoichiometry, have a considerable charge carrier mobility. These defects are the causes for an additional, catalytic activity with oxidation processes at electrodes. The measurement of hydrocarbons from combustible gases is thus distorted with electrode materi...

A catalytic converter for cleaning exhaust from combustion processes, especially exhaust from internal combustion engines, and the manufacturing method thereof, the converter including a housing and a plurality of packets provided therein. Each of the packets includes at least one corrugated foil joined at contact areas to at least one flat foil, preferably by soldering or welding. The flat and/or corrugated foil is provided at least partially with a catalytically active coating. The spaces betw...