A method of carrying out multilayer blooming which includes means to more accurately measure the thickness of the layers during blooming which consists in the use of a stack having at least one layer thereon to enhance the light transmission or reflection difference as the blooming layers are deposited on the stack during blooming of the articles, the stack preferably comprising a substrate having precoated thereon alternately high and low refractive index materials having an optical thickness o...

An arc welding apparatus including a first source of electric current able to maintain the arc but unable by itself to initiate the arc, and a separate source of electric current able to apply sufficient voltage to initiate the arc, the first source being connected in parallel with the second source and the arc.

A method of fabricating a fused fibre optic coupler includes disposing two or more segments of optical fibre under longitudinal tension. The tensioned fibre segments are preheated to a temperature sufficient to soften the segments and thereby substantially relieve their tension by inelastic stretching of the segments. After the segments have cooled, the fibre segments are re-tensioned and then heated while in intimate side-by-side contact to a temperature sufficient to cause the fibre segments t...

A conducting composition for detonators having insensitivity to one amp of current or one watt of power comprising 40 to 80 parts by weight of lead styphnate 2 to 10 parts by weight of carbon black or graphite and the balance being lead oxide. Firing times of less than eight milliseconds can be achieved where at least one percent of graphite is included in the composition.

The effectiveness of electronic earmuffs is improved by incorporating a mechanism which causes the middle ear muscles to contract before an intense sound is generated. This contraction is achieved by incorporating a wireless receiver into the earmuff. Immediately prior to the generation of the intense sound, the wireless receiver receives a signal which causes it to generate a loud, non-damaging sound in a loudspeaker in the earmuff. The received signal is generated by a radio frequency transmit...

Cheese curd suitable for conversion into natural hard cheese is prepared by ultrafiltering and diafiltering milk or a milk product to produce a retentate, ripening the retentate by fermenting with a cheese starter culture, coagulating the retentate to produce a coagulum, cutting, cooking and agitating the cut coagulum to produce curd, and separating the curd from whey. The retentate has a concentration Factor of 2-8 and contains 1.0-6.2% w/w lactose. Ripening the retentate produces a pH drop of ...

A shock absorber comprising an elastomeric tube disposed over a movable member in such a manner that frictional engagement of the elastomeric tube with the member on which it is disposed, together with inherent resistance of the elastomeric tube results in a damping action on the movable member.

The invention relates to a method of charging electrophotographic coatings wherein successive areas of coating are progressively presented to a charging electrode, the characterizing feature being the interposing of masking means between the charging electrode and the surface to be charged to extend generally transversely to the direction of motion and fixed generally in relation to the charging electrode so that the charging duration of different parts of the area being charged is varied in pro...

An apparatus for the pulse-echo ultrasonic examination, particularly in medical diagnostic examination, is comprised of a plurality of transducers spaced around the object to be examined, each of the transducers being steerable to direct pulses of ultrasonic energy into the object and to receive echoes in a plurality of angular directions, and means to move the plurality of transducers relative to the object during examination of the object.

An improved laser system having a Q-switch which is a roof prism rotatable about a spinning axis transverse to the axis of the laser rod, in which the medial plane of the prism is offset from the axis of the rod to receive output radiation from the rod on one side of its medial plane and direct the radiation from the other side of its medial plane to a reflector which radiation is back reflected to the rod by prism, the laser rod being outside of the path of the radiation between the reflector m...