The total surface area concentration of particles entrained in a gas is determined by measuring the original and residual currents resulting from a low-intensity gaseous ion source operating in a space through which the particle-laden gas is flowed. A short corona discharge is a typical example of such a source. The measurement is independent of current and does not require knowledge of particle size distribution.

A towed electromagnetic prospecting device has a single inductor coil used for both transmitting and receiving secondary electromagnetic radiation from the ground which has been induced by the transmitted radiation. Such secondary fields from the ground are sensed as a change in the effective resistance of the superconducting inductive transmitter coil employed in the resonant resistance type bridge circuit.

An orange picker, particularly for use in a grove of orange trees, includes a portable carriage having a movable frame thereon. An arm is movable to and fro on the frame toward and away from an orange tree and is effective to penetrate into the interior of the tree. On the arm is a hook, preferably flexible, having a base portion secured to the arm and an outstanding terminal portion spaced from the arm. The hook is normally C-shaped and is resilient. In operation, the arm with the terminal hook...

Apparatus for measurement of lung resistance includes a low voltage and high frequency power supply connected to a driver electrode contacting one side of a chest with a detector electrode contacting the opposite side of the chest and a pickup electrode engaging the chest therebetween. A variable resistor is connected with other resistors between the detector and pickup electrodes to form a bridge circuit with a portion of the lung resistance and a meter connected to the detector electrode indic...

A flowing film of a composition of water and a solute over a refrigerated surface, is at such solute concentration and freezing temperature as to de-sublimate or condense the water vapor as ice which is carried away by the film, and subsequently separated from the composition by filtering or centrifuging. A terminal portion of the refrigerated surface is shielded to prevent access of water vapor thereto to effect removal as ice of water that may be absorbed in the film from the vapor, thereby ma...

A sampler for grapes held in bulk and having juice therewith includes a frame on which a sampling cylinder is mounted. At the lower end of the sampling cylinder is a gate mechanism arranged to be opened and closed. A piston is movable in the cylinder so as to pull a vacuum within the cylinder. The piston is connected to the gate mechanism through a lost motion linkage so that when the sampler is plunged into the bulk grapes a sample of the bulk grapes along with their juice is obtained. The load...

A proportional chamber having a plurality of output conductors carrying signals indicative of the location of an event detected within the chamber and using delay lines capacitatively coupled to said conductors for receiving signals through an intermediate portion of the side wall winding of the delay line. Delay times are measured to give a readout of the position and existence of the event.

A tree shaker has a carriage for movement in an orchard into a special position with respect to a tree to be shaken. On the carriage is a four-bar linkage supporting a platform for movement about the tree in an arcuate horizontal path with the platform directed toward the tree trunk and at various radial distances therefrom. The tree shaker unit is supported on and at selected heights above the platform by a torsion bar suspension having linkage so that the tree shaker unit is pendulous below th...

A singulator for rollable and slidable articles of compact configuration, such as fruit, has a frame supporting a feeding tray to present the articles at a datum region. One or more conveyors on the frame are available at the datum region. Each conveyor extends substantially horizontally from the datum region in a line and has a number of top surface areas spaced apart along the line. A number of eccentrics on a shaft parallel to the line are arranged in a predetermined polar relationship to mov...

Process and apparatus for the production of carbide films at high rates by physical vapor deposition. The metal is evaporated in a vacuum chamber by an electron beam, the hydrocarbon gas is introduced into the chamber, and the metal vapor atoms and gas atoms are activated by electrons deflected from the electron beam to the reaction zone by a low voltage electrode at the reaction zone. The reaction takes place primarily in the vapor phase in the reaction zone, rather than on the substrate. A hig...