A method and apparatus for bonding a chip to a substrate is described, wherein the apparatus includes a chip holder assembly comprising an outer holder having a cavity formed therein and an inner holder for holding the chip, and by releaseably securing the inner holder within the outer holder cavity and contacting the chip to the substrate the inner holder has selective angular rotation within the cavity to make parallel the chip and the substrate.

A dual sensor wavefront correction system is adaptable to correcting wavefronts including wavefronts that are severely scintillated. The system includes a Hartmann wavefront sensor as well as a unit shear lateral shearing interferometer (LSI) wavefront sensor. The optical output signals from the Hartmann wavefront sensor are applied to a real reconstructor which provides an estimation of the distortion in the wavefront during most conditions except for conditions of severe turbulence. In order t...

A direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) communications modem for low signal to noise ratio applications and secure communications systems (10). The modulator (22) implements a quadrature-phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation scheme in which a pseudonoise code is supplied to one channel and a pseudonoise code is combined with data to define the other channel. The demodulator (34) receives the modulated signal and utilizes a signal acquisition processor (92) in order to detect the pseudonoise cod...

A method is provided for deriving a near-optimal fuzzy automaton for a given separation problem. The method includes the steps of: forming a first generation population (24) of fuzzy automata, where the first generation population of fuzzy automata includes a plurality of fuzzy automata; performing a mutation operation (28) on each fuzzy automaton in the first generation population of fuzzy automata; reproducing the first generation population of fuzzy automata using a survival of the fittest op...

A multi-channel superconducting digital router/signal processor (28) for processing and conditioning an analog input signal (12) and converting it to a digital output signal (26). The digital router/signal processor (28) includes a plurality of bandpass filters (11), a plurality of voltage control pulse generators (14), a plurality of pulse splitters (30), a plurality of pulse gates (20), a plurality of pulse combiners (32), a plurality of multiply-accumulator circuits (24), and a digital proces...

A superconducting A/D converter (10) has an error correction system (70) for eliminating non-linearities in a primary quantizer (30). The converter (10) includes a primary quantizer (30), a primary SFQ counter (50), and the error correction system (70). The primary quantizer (30) generates primary SFQ pulses based on an average voltage of an analog input signal. The primary SFQ counter (50) converts the primary SFQ pulses into a digital output signal based on a frequency of the primary SFQ pulse...

An improved decoding technique useful for hard decision decoding, such as quadrature phase shift keying (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), as well as soft-decision techniques, such as Viterbi decoding and trellis decoding. The system in accordance with the present invention provides adaptive decision regions for hard-decision decoding techniques and adaptive metrics for soft-decision detection techniques in which the decision boundaries and reference constellations, respectively ar...

A demodulation system used in connection with an analog optical link that provides a wide dynamic range and SNR potential for large RF signal bandwidths. An optical carrier signal modulated with an RF signal is applied to an optical splitter in the demodulation system that splits the signal into first and second carrier signals. One of the carrier signals is applied to a coarse demodulator that provides either PM or FM demodulation to generate a demodulated signal representative of the signal th...