Disclosed are bleaching materials for processing oils, particularly edible oils, containing an acid activated clay having a specifically defined particle size distribution. Also disclosed are methods of making the bleaching materials, and systems and methods for purifying oils using the acid activated clay having the specifically defined particle size distribution.

An improvement in the conventional process for the production of caprolactam. The process involves: (a) reacting air with ammonia gas in an ammonia conversion zone to produce nitric oxide; (b) oxidizing a portion of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide to produce an NO.sub.x -rich process gas stream; (c) reacting the NO.sub.x -rich stream with ammonium carbonate in a nitriting zone to produce ammonium nitrite; (d) reducing the ammonium nitrite to hydroxylamine diammonium sulfate; (e) hydrolyzing...

This invention is directed to a method for predicting the flammability of complex mixtures using critical variables of structural groups comprising training data from the critical variables of each structural groups, the critical variables comprising compositional and thermochemical data from each of the structural groups to produce a neural network model; testing the trained data from the neural network model; and validating the trained and tested data from the neural network to accurately pred...

A process for removing impurities such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, water (moisture), carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride, methane and trace metals from crude hydrogen bromide and the apparatus for purifying such crude hydrogen bromide.

An apparatus and method of cooling products includes a conveyor for transporting the products, through a refrigeration medium for cooling the products, agitation means disposed proximate to the conveyor for selective, intermittent contact with the conveyor to displace the conveyor from a plane of travel, thereby displacing the products on the conveyor during freezing to prevent the products from adhering to the conveyor or other of the products during freezing, at least one of the agitation mean...

An apparatus and method are provided for mixing a gas and a liquid to produce a gaseous vapor of the liquid that is substantially free of droplets. Gas, e.g., carbon dioxide, is divided into first and second streams. The first stream is combined in an atomization zone with the liquid, e.g., acetic acid, to form an atomized mixture of the gas and liquid. This atomized mixture is then contacted with the second gas stream in a mixing zone within a mixing/separation chamber in which the second gas s...

A modular drive system for a self-stacking conveyor belt adapted to travel at least along one non-linear path segment includes at least one drive cassette adapted to removably engage sidelinks on an edge of the conveyor belt, and preferably at least a first drive cassette engaging the conveyor belt sidelinks at an inner curve of the segment and at least a second drive cassette engaging the conveyor belt sidelinks at an outer curve of the segment.

A method for production of caprolactam. The method involves: (a) reacting air with ammonia gas in an ammonia conversion zone to produce nitric oxide; (b) oxidizing at least a portion of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide to produce an NO.sub.x -rich process gas stream; (c) reactively absorbing the NO.sub.x -rich gas stream with phosphoric acid containing solution in an absorption zone to form nitrate ions; (d) contacting the nitrate ions with air in a degassing zone to produce a nitrate-rich a...

An apparatus for and method of delivering a liquid cryogen into a reaction vessel to cool an exothermic reaction within the vessel wherein the liquid cryogen can be supplied directly into the reaction vessel at a maximum high pressure of about 3000 psi is provided. The liquid cryogen may come directly from a high pressure liquid cryogen storage tank without any pressure regulators or control valves between the reaction vessel and the storage tank thereby reducing flashing and eliminating the nee...

This invention is directed to a method for carrying out combustion in a furnace having porous walls with a large surface area comprising providing a combustion zone containing an atmosphere of furnace gases. A low velocity oxidant stream is injected through at least one oxidant injection side of the porous walls into the combustion zone and mixing furnace gases with the oxidant stream in a mixing zone within the combustion zone to produce an oxidant mixture. A fuel stream is injected through at ...