A voltage-controlled oscillator frequency range detector is disclosed that detects when the voltage-controlled oscillator frequency within a phase-locked loop is out of range and indicates the required direction of the frequency adjustment. The voltage-controlled oscillator frequency range detector includes a comparator circuit, which receives a voltage-controlled oscillator control voltage signal, and a frequency detector circuit, which receives a reference clock signal and a voltage-controlled...

Analog signal voltages are updated sequentially in a first sample-and-hold circuit, while an emitter element displays a pixel of a first display frame in response to a stored analog signal voltage in an isolated parallel second sample-and-hold circuit. After all unit cells are updated, the switches are reversed for the two parallel sample-and-hold circuits, displaying a pixel of a second display frame in response to an updated stored analog signal voltage in the first sample-and-hold circuit. Th...

An image scanner having a driving mechanism to synchronize the movement of a transmission-mode light source and a carriage mounted therein an image pickup device is disclosed. The driving mechanism includes a driving motor and two transmission devices both connected to the driving motor. One of the transmission devices connects the carriage to the motor. The other transmission device penetrates through the scanning platform at an upper end where an upper cover and a lower housing of the scanner ...

A leakage current compensation system and method is disclosed that reduces frequency spurs and phase offset in a frequency synthesizer. The leakage current is determined based on the phase offset of the frequency synthesizer relative to a reference clock. A leakage current compensation circuit provides a leakage current compensation signal to the frequency synthesizer at the loop filter terminals to minimize the phase offset.

In a seat belt pretensioner device, comprising a seat belt buckle which is supported in a moveable manner, a power generator for moving the buckle in a direction to increase a tension of the seat belt, and a reverse preventing device for preventing the reversal of the movement of the buckle, the reverse preventing device consists of a ball-type one-way clutch defining a plurality of chambers between an inner race and an outer race, each of said chambers narrowing in a rotational direction and re...

A voltage level translator is provided that operates over a wide range of voltage levels at a fast translation speed. The voltage level translator includes an input terminal that receives an input signal and a capacitor having its first terminal coupled to the input terminal. A clamp circuit is coupled to the input terminal and to the second terminal of the capacitor and operable to provide a signal on the second terminal of the capacitor in response to a first voltage level of the input signal....

Provided is a hanger arrangement for V-type vertical engines which not only allows the engine to be hoisted in a stable manner but also enhances the freedom in the design of the engine without interfering with other accessories and a hanger arrangement for outboard marine drives equipped with such an engine. A first and second hanger bracket are attached to outer sides of the cylinder heads, respectively, and a third hanger bracket is attached substantially centrally on an outer side of the cran...

A cancellation circuit is provided for canceling undesirable intermodulation (IM) products in electrical circuitry. The IM cancellation circuit includes a stepping spectrum analyzer which recognizes and measures the frequencies and amplitudes of different signal components of an RF signal across a desired frequency band. This information is forwarded to a processor which contains look-up tables or the like which provides information relating to the frequencies and/or amplitudes of signal compone...

A structure or a process of the via chain is employed to test the misalignment. The structure of the via chain includes a first via chain in the first direction and a second via chain in the second direction. Using the structure having the via chains in two different directions, the misalignment can be easily detected.

A digital mark is derived or created for placement on a document to identify, authenticate, or verify the document's origins. Private information is received and digitized. The digitized private information is scrambled in response to the document's contents. The scrambled private information is formed into a mark. The mark is placed on or in the document, apart from the document's information.