A tobacco treatment system comprising a rotatable cylinder and a plurality of axially directed flights, with each flight having a forward side and a back side relative to the rotational motion of the cylinder, with both the forward and back sides being concave-open in a direction toward the interior of the cylinder.

A method and apparatus of manufacturing a web which is striped with add-on material, comprising: a first arrangement which establishes a sheet of base web from a first slurry and moves the established sheet along a first path; a second arrangement for preparing a second slurry; a moving orifice applicator operative so as to repetitively discharge the second slurry upon the moving sheet of base web, the moving orifice applicator comprising: a chamber box arranged to establish a reservoir of the s...

A process for expanding tobacco is provided which employs carbon dioxide gas. Tobacco temperature and OV content are adjusted prior to contacting the tobacco with carbon dioxide gas. The disclosed process is suitable for impregnating and expanding tobacco having a high bulk density. In order to achieve a high bulk density, the tobacco may be compacted or compressed to achieve an increased and more uniform bulk density prior to its impregnation with carbon dioxide. The process may be carried out ...

A method of manufacturing cigarettes including the steps of establishing a succession of 2-up hollow plugs in alternating relation to 2-up tobacco plugs and wrapping same in a tobacco web and overwrap, severing the resultant continuous rod at mid points of preselected 2-up tobacco plugs and severing again to establish associated pairs of singular tobacco rod plugs, separating the members of associated pairs of tobacco rod plugs and placing 2-up filter tipping plugs therebetween, and subsequently...

A method is disclosed for mechanically and electrically bonding metallic materials and semiconductor materials. The method according to the invention may be used, for example, in forming a semiconductor electrical heater, particularly for use in electrical smoking articles. A metallic element, such as a copper alloy power supply tab, is laser welded to a semiconductor element, such as a doped silicon resistive heater element. A laser beam is directed through a hole in the copper alloy tab to mel...

This invention relates to the treatment of paper with material in repetitive patterns. The treatment patterns made with this invention can be altered by changing apparatus operating parameters.

This invention relates to a method for delivering free-flowing material into discrete receiving spaces separating filter plugs in partially constructed cigarette filter assemblies. The method includes rapidly feeding a free-flowing material such as charcoal into partially constructed cigarette filter assemblies. The free-flowing material is dispensed to a first conveyance and is subsequently transferred to a second conveyance that is positioned parallel and above the first conveyance. Vacuum is ...

Substantially circular objects such as the ends of the filters of filter tipped cigarettes are inspected for acceptable appearance utilizing a blob analysis which includes imaging a peripheral region so as to provide resolution along the edge of the circular object.

The present invention provides an apparatus and method of embossing a sheet of material with a background pattern together with additional selectable indicia, wherein the method comprises the steps of removably securing an indicia-bearing element to a first one of embossing rollers and removably securing a yieldable element to a second one of embossing rollers, passing the sheet material through the nip of rigid embossing rollers while synchronously moving the embossing rollers so as to impart a...

Images such as product images are identified as substantially similar to one or more reference images by finding pixels which have substantially the same value or values in all or substantially all of the reference images. Image erosion and/or dilation may be used in processing the reference image data to help identify pixels which can always be expected to have the same value in all acceptable images. The values associated with the corresponding pixels in a product image are combined and compar...